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Q.1. With reference to forced labor (Vishti) in India during the Gupta period, which one of the following statements is correct? [2019-I]
(a) It was considered a source of income for the State, a sort of tax paid by the people.
(b) It was totally absent in the Madhya Pradesh and Kathiawar regions of the Gupta Empire.
(c) The forced laborer is entitled to weekly wages.
(d) The eldest son of the laborer was sent as the forced laborer.
Correct Answer is Option (a)
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India by Upinder Singh, page 508: Forced labor (Vishti) became more common than before in this Gupta period. The fact that it is mentioned along with the taxes in the land grant inscriptions suggests that Vishti was considered a source of income for the state, a sort of tax paid by the people. The fact that most of the inscriptions referring to Vishti come from Madhya Pradesh and Kathiyawar regions may suggest this practice for more prevalent in these areas. So, a is right b is wrong.
Q.2. Consider the following: [2019-I]
- Deification of the Buddha
- Treading the path of Bodhisattvas
- Image worship and rituals
Which of the above is/ are the feature/ features of Mahayana Buddhism?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer is Option (d)
The Mahayana followers believe in idol or image worship of Buddha. So 1 and 3 are correct. The concept of Bodhisattva is the result of Mahayana Buddhism. So 2 is also correct.
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FAQs on UPSC Previous Year Questions (Prelims): Indian Architecture, Sculpture and Pottery - History for UPSC CSE
| 1. What are the major architectural styles in Indian architecture? |  |
Ans. Indian architecture is known for its diverse styles. Some of the major architectural styles in India include the Dravidian style (found in South India, characterized by pyramid-shaped towers), the Nagara style (found in North India, characterized by curved towers), and the Indo-Islamic style (a blend of Indian and Islamic architectural elements).
| 2. What are the different types of Indian sculpture? | |
Ans. Indian sculpture can be broadly categorized into three types - the rock-cut sculpture, the free-standing sculpture, and the relief sculpture. Rock-cut sculptures are carved directly into the rock surface, free-standing sculptures are standalone sculptures made from various materials, and relief sculptures are sculptures that are attached to a background surface.
| 3. What are the significant features of Indian pottery? | |
Ans. Indian pottery is known for its distinctive features. Some significant features include the use of terracotta as the primary material, intricate designs and patterns, the application of glazes for decoration, and the use of various techniques such as wheel-throwing, hand-building, and slip-casting.
| 4. What are some famous examples of Indian architecture? | |
Ans. India is home to several famous architectural marvels. Some notable examples include the Taj Mahal in Agra, the Red Fort in Delhi, the Qutub Minar, and the temples of Khajuraho. These structures showcase the rich architectural heritage of India and attract tourists from around the world.
| 5. How did Indian architecture and sculpture influence other cultures? | |
Ans. Indian architecture and sculpture have had a significant impact on various cultures across the globe. The intricate carvings, architectural styles, and sculptural techniques of India have influenced the art and architecture of Southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Additionally, the spread of Buddhism from India led to the adoption of Indian architectural and artistic elements in countries like China, Japan, and Korea.
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