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What is Dark Matter & Dark Energy? Video Lecture | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

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1. What is dark matter?
Ans. Dark matter refers to a hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation. It cannot be directly observed, hence the term "dark." However, its existence is inferred from its gravitational effects on visible matter and the structure of the universe.
2. What is dark energy?
Ans. Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that is believed to be responsible for the observed accelerated expansion of the universe. It is thought to permeate all of space and counteract the gravitational pull of matter, causing the universe to expand at an accelerating rate.
3. How is dark matter different from dark energy?
Ans. Dark matter and dark energy are distinct concepts. Dark matter refers to an invisible form of matter that exerts gravitational forces on visible matter, while dark energy is a form of energy that is believed to cause the acceleration of the universe's expansion. They have different effects on the structure and dynamics of the universe.
4. What evidence supports the existence of dark matter and dark energy?
Ans. The existence of dark matter is supported by various lines of evidence, including the rotational speeds of galaxies, gravitational lensing, and the distribution of matter in the universe. Dark energy, on the other hand, is inferred from observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, supernovae, and the large-scale structure of the universe.
5. Why is dark matter and dark energy important in understanding the universe?
Ans. Dark matter and dark energy play crucial roles in our understanding of the universe's structure and evolution. Dark matter helps explain the observed motions of galaxies and the formation of large-scale structures, while dark energy accounts for the accelerated expansion of the universe. Understanding these phenomena is essential for comprehending the fundamental nature and fate of our universe.
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