Yojana Magazine April 2024 - 1 (Hindi) | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

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vizSy 2024 
ISSN-0971-8397
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vizSy 2024 
ISSN-0971-8397
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3 ?????? 2024
;kstuk fganh] vlfe;k] ckaXyk] vaxzst+h] xqt+jkrh] dUuM+] ey;kye] rfey] rsyqxq] ejkBh] vksfM+;k] iatkch 
rFkk mnwZ esa ,d lkFk izdkf'krA
o"kZ  %  68
vad %  04
vizSy 2024
pS=k&oS'kk[k] 'kd laor~ 1946
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i`"B %  60
izdk'ku foHkkx osQ ns'kHkj esa fLFkr foØ; osQUnzksa dh lwph osQ fy, ns[ksa i`-la- 57
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ISSN-0971-8397
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iz/ku laiknd 
oqQyJs"B dey
laiknd 
MkW eerk jkuh
la;qDr funs'kd (mRiknu) 
Mh osQ lh ân;ukFk
vkoj.k % fcUnq oekZ
laikndh; dk;kZy;
648] lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj]
yksnh jksM] ubZ fnYyh&110003 
bZesy% yojanahindi@gmail.com
;kstuk dk y{; ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl ls 
lEcfU/r eqíksa dk ljdkjh uhfr;ksa osQ O;kid 
lanHkZ esa xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k dj bu ij foe'kZ osQ 
fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa 
osQ O;fDrxr gSaA t+:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjr 
ljdkj osQ ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa 
ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA 
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrq osQ 
fy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr vkys[kksa esa iz;qDr ekufp=k o 
izrhd vkf/dkfjd ugha gS] cfYd lkaosQfrd gSaA ;s 
ekufp=k ;k izrhd fdlh Hkh ns'k dk vkfèkdkfjd 
izfrfuf/Ro ugha djrs gSaA
;kstuk ys[kdksa }kjk vkys[kksa osQ lkFk vius 
fo'oluh; lzksrksa ls ,d=k dj miyC/ djk, 
x, vkadM+ksa@rkfydkvksa@bUiQksxzkfiQDl osQ lEcUèk 
esa mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA ;kstuk fdlh Hkh ys[k esa osQl 
LVMh osQ :i esa izLrqr fdlh Hkh czkaM ;k futh 
laLFkkvksa dk leFkZu ;k izpkj ugha djrh gSA
;kstuk ?kj eaxkus] 'kqYd esa NwV osQ lkFk njksa o Iyku 
dh foLr`r tkudkjh osQ fy, i`"B&55 ij ns[ksaA
;kstuk dh lnL;rk 'kqYd tek djus osQ ckn 
if=kdk izkIr gksus esa de ls de 8 lIrkg dk 
le; yxrk gSA bl vof/ osQ lekIr gksus osQ ckn 
gh ;kstuk izkIr u gksus dh f'kdk;r djsaA
;kstuk u feyus dh f'kdk;r ;k iqjkus vad eaxkus 
osQ fy, uhps fn, x, bZ&esy ij fy[ksa & 
pdjucir@gmail.com
;k laidZ djsa& 
nwjHkk"k % 011&24367453
(lkseokj ls 'kqØokj lHkh dk;Z fnol ij  
izkr% 9%30 cts ls 'kke 6%00 cts rd)
;kstuk dh lnL;rk dh tkudkjh ysus rFkk 
foKkiu Niokus osQ fy, laidZ djsaµ
vfHk"ksd prqosZnh] laiknd] if=kdk ,dka'k
çdk'ku foHkkx] dejk la- 779] lkroka ry]
lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj] yksnh jksM]  
u;h fnYyh&110003
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21
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www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
Page 3


vizSy 2024 
ISSN-0971-8397
?????  
????????????-? ????
3 ?????? 2024
;kstuk fganh] vlfe;k] ckaXyk] vaxzst+h] xqt+jkrh] dUuM+] ey;kye] rfey] rsyqxq] ejkBh] vksfM+;k] iatkch 
rFkk mnwZ esa ,d lkFk izdkf'krA
o"kZ  %  68
vad %  04
vizSy 2024
pS=k&oS'kk[k] 'kd laor~ 1946
?? ??? ???...
i`"B %  60
izdk'ku foHkkx osQ ns'kHkj esa fLFkr foØ; osQUnzksa dh lwph osQ fy, ns[ksa i`-la- 57
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ISSN-0971-8397
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????????????????????? ?
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iz/ku laiknd 
oqQyJs"B dey
laiknd 
MkW eerk jkuh
la;qDr funs'kd (mRiknu) 
Mh osQ lh ân;ukFk
vkoj.k % fcUnq oekZ
laikndh; dk;kZy;
648] lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj]
yksnh jksM] ubZ fnYyh&110003 
bZesy% yojanahindi@gmail.com
;kstuk dk y{; ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl ls 
lEcfU/r eqíksa dk ljdkjh uhfr;ksa osQ O;kid 
lanHkZ esa xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k dj bu ij foe'kZ osQ 
fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa 
osQ O;fDrxr gSaA t+:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjr 
ljdkj osQ ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa 
ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA 
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrq osQ 
fy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr vkys[kksa esa iz;qDr ekufp=k o 
izrhd vkf/dkfjd ugha gS] cfYd lkaosQfrd gSaA ;s 
ekufp=k ;k izrhd fdlh Hkh ns'k dk vkfèkdkfjd 
izfrfuf/Ro ugha djrs gSaA
;kstuk ys[kdksa }kjk vkys[kksa osQ lkFk vius 
fo'oluh; lzksrksa ls ,d=k dj miyC/ djk, 
x, vkadM+ksa@rkfydkvksa@bUiQksxzkfiQDl osQ lEcUèk 
esa mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA ;kstuk fdlh Hkh ys[k esa osQl 
LVMh osQ :i esa izLrqr fdlh Hkh czkaM ;k futh 
laLFkkvksa dk leFkZu ;k izpkj ugha djrh gSA
;kstuk ?kj eaxkus] 'kqYd esa NwV osQ lkFk njksa o Iyku 
dh foLr`r tkudkjh osQ fy, i`"B&55 ij ns[ksaA
;kstuk dh lnL;rk 'kqYd tek djus osQ ckn 
if=kdk izkIr gksus esa de ls de 8 lIrkg dk 
le; yxrk gSA bl vof/ osQ lekIr gksus osQ ckn 
gh ;kstuk izkIr u gksus dh f'kdk;r djsaA
;kstuk u feyus dh f'kdk;r ;k iqjkus vad eaxkus 
osQ fy, uhps fn, x, bZ&esy ij fy[ksa & 
pdjucir@gmail.com
;k laidZ djsa& 
nwjHkk"k % 011&24367453
(lkseokj ls 'kqØokj lHkh dk;Z fnol ij  
izkr% 9%30 cts ls 'kke 6%00 cts rd)
;kstuk dh lnL;rk dh tkudkjh ysus rFkk 
foKkiu Niokus osQ fy, laidZ djsaµ
vfHk"ksd prqosZnh] laiknd] if=kdk ,dka'k
çdk'ku foHkkx] dejk la- 779] lkroka ry]
lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj] yksnh jksM]  
u;h fnYyh&110003
12
21
7
25
33
41
49
56
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?????????????????????? ????????????
???????????
????????????????????????????
???????????????????????-??????
???????????????????? ??????????????????(????????)
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
5 ?????? 2024
gekjk ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k
jr esa] fgeky; ds ioZrksa ls ysdj fo'kky leqæh rVksa rd] mÙkj&iwoZ ds ?kus gjs taxyksa ls ysdj mÙkj&if'pe ds 
rirs jsfxLrkuksa] fofHkUu çdkj ds taxyksa] nynyksa] }hiksa vkSj egklkxjksa rd] çkÑfrd ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k dh fo'kky 
fofoèkrk gSA 80 jkelj vknZzHkwfe vkSj 40 ls vfèkd ;wusLdks fo'o èkjksgj LFkyksa] fo'kky iBkjksa] gjs&Hkjs unh ds eSnkuksa vkSj 
dbZ cM+h ufn;ksa ds lkFk] Hkkjr esa vfo'oluh; :i ls cgqeq[kh LFkykÑfr gS tks ;kf=k;ksa dks vkuafnr djrh gSA
fgeky; dh Åaph ?kkfV;kas] ouLifr;ksa vkSj thoksa dh fofoèk  Ük`a[kyk vkSj Åaph pksfV;ka yacs le; ls ;kf=k;ksa] lkglh 
O;fDr;ksa vkSj vkè;kfRed lkèkdksa dks vkdf"kZr djrh jgh gSa] tks varr% ns'k ds vkè;kfRed] dykRed vkSj lkaLÑfrd rkus&ckus 
dks çHkkfor djrh gSaA ekmaV ,ojsLV] daputaxk] uaxk ioZr vkSj vU; lfgr nqfu;k dh dqN lcls Åaph pksfV;ka fgeky; esa 
ikbZ tkrh gSaA ge budh HkO;rk ls Hkys gh vk'p;Zpfdr gksa] bl çkÑfrd vk'p;Z dh j{kk vkSj laj{k.k ds fy, gesa yM+uk 
gksxk rkfd vkus okyh ihf<+;ka Hkh fgeky; dh yqHkkouh lqanjrk ls jksekafpr gks ldsaA
Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k jsfxLrku] Fkkj jsfxLrku mÙkj if'pe esa fLFkr gS vkSj vius 'kq"d bykds rFkk jsr ds cnyrs Vhyksa ls 
vyx gSA bldk fuekZ.k vjkoyh ioZrekyk ds o`f"VNk;k çHkko ds dkj.k gqvkA viuh izpaM tyok;q ds ckotwn] Fkkj jsfxLrku] 
jsfxLrku ds vuqdwy Hkkjrh; fpadkjk] Ñ".ke`x vkSj jsfxLrkuh ykseM+h tSls oU;thoksa dh ,d foLr`r  Ük`a[kyk dk ?kj gSA
fgeky; dh rygVh ls ysdj Fkkj jsfxLrku rd iQSyk baMks&xakxs; ;k fla/q&xaxk eSnku ,d mitkÅ tyks<+ eSnku gS tks 
fgeky;h ufn;ksa ds ryNV ds teko ls cuk gSA lqanjcu {ks=k dk Hkkjrh; Hkkx xaxk MsYVk ds lcls fupys fcanq ij fLFkr gSA 
eSaxzkso ouksa okyk ;g {ks=k oU; thou dh fofoèkrk ds fy, çfl¼ gS] ftlesa dbZ i{kh çtkfr;ka] caxky Vkbxj vkSj Hkkjrh; 
vtxj vkSj ejhu ([kkjkty) exjePN tSlh vU; yqIrçk; çtkfr;ka 'kkfey gSaA
çk;}hih; iBkj] tks Hkkjr ds dsaæ ls nf{k.k rd iQSyk gS] ns'k ds vfèkdka'k Hkwfe {ks=k dks doj djrk gSA ;g ,d fo'kky] 
mcM+&[kkcM+ vkSj Åapk {ks=k gS tks dbZ çeq[k ufn;ksa ls f?kjk gqvk gS] ftuesa ueZnk] xksnkojh] Ñ".kk vkSj dkosjh 'kkfey gSa] tks 
lHkh fgeky;h ufn;ksa ls dgha vfèkd iqjkuh gSaA if'peh vkSj iwohZ ?kkV] tks viuh vlkèkkj.k tSo fofoèkrk vkSj vk'p;Ztud 
n`';ksa ds fy, çfl¼ gSa] çk;}hih; iBkj dh lhek ij gSa vkSj Hkkjr ds if'peh rFkk iwohZ rVksa ds lekukarj pyrs gSaA nDdu 
dk iBkj ,d cM+k Åapk {ks=k gS tks eè; vkSj nf{k.kh Hkkjr ds ,d cM+s fgLls rd iQSyk gqvk gSA ;g vius mitkÅ eSnkuksa] 
Tokykeq[kh; lajpukvksa vkSj likV 'kh"kZ okyh igkfM+;ksa ls vyx gSA eUukj dh [kkM+h] vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewg rFkk 
ewaxk pV~Vkusa Lo;a tSo fofoèkrk ds fy, gkWVLikWV gSa tks leqæh dNqvksa] jaxhu eNfy;ksa vkSj dksjy ikWyhIl lfgr leqæh thou 
dh ,d vfo'oluh;  Ük`a[kyk dk ?kj gSaA
Hkkjr dh Hkw&oSKkfud fofoèkrk bldh mYys[kuh; ikfjfLFkfrd le`f¼ dk vkèkkj gSA ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k laj{k.k vkSj ekuo 
dY;k.k vkil esa ?kfu"B :i ls tqM+s gq, gSaA çkÑfrd nqfu;k ds fy, fLFkjrk] laj{k.k vkSj lEeku ds egRo dks dk;e j[krs 
gq, ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k dh nh?kZdkfyd ifjorZu'khyrk vkSj LokLF; Hkkoh ihf<+;ksa ds fy, loksZifj gSA tSls&tSls ge 21oha lnh 
dh pqukSfr;ksa ls tw> jgs gSa] gekjs ikfjfLFkfrd&ra=k dks le>us vkSj mldh j{kk djus dh vko';drk igys ls dgha vfèkd 
c<+ xbZ gSA
ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k i`Foh ij thou dk vkèkkj gS_ os thfor phtksa vkSj muds ifjos'k ds tfVy usVodZ gSaA ;kstuk ds 
bl vad esa] ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k dh fofoèkrk] ifjorZu'khyrk vkSj laj{k.k dh rRdky vko';drk ij çdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA 
vk'kk gS fd bl vad dh varn`Zf"V u dsoy gekjs ikBdksa dks Hkkjr ds ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k dks le>us esa lgk;rk djsxh 
cfYd gekjk vfLrRo cuk, j[kus gsrq ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k ds iks"k.k vkSj j[kj[kko dh gekjh lkewfgd ftEesnkjh dk Lej.k 
Hkh djk,xhA                                                                                  ?
laikndh;
Hkk
Page 4


vizSy 2024 
ISSN-0971-8397
?????  
????????????-? ????
3 ?????? 2024
;kstuk fganh] vlfe;k] ckaXyk] vaxzst+h] xqt+jkrh] dUuM+] ey;kye] rfey] rsyqxq] ejkBh] vksfM+;k] iatkch 
rFkk mnwZ esa ,d lkFk izdkf'krA
o"kZ  %  68
vad %  04
vizSy 2024
pS=k&oS'kk[k] 'kd laor~ 1946
?? ??? ???...
i`"B %  60
izdk'ku foHkkx osQ ns'kHkj esa fLFkr foØ; osQUnzksa dh lwph osQ fy, ns[ksa i`-la- 57
????? ??? : ???? ?? ????-????
ISSN-0971-8397
??-??? ?????????????????????-??????
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???????????,?????????????????
???????????????????-????? ?
????????????????????? ?
??????????????????
iz/ku laiknd 
oqQyJs"B dey
laiknd 
MkW eerk jkuh
la;qDr funs'kd (mRiknu) 
Mh osQ lh ân;ukFk
vkoj.k % fcUnq oekZ
laikndh; dk;kZy;
648] lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj]
yksnh jksM] ubZ fnYyh&110003 
bZesy% yojanahindi@gmail.com
;kstuk dk y{; ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl ls 
lEcfU/r eqíksa dk ljdkjh uhfr;ksa osQ O;kid 
lanHkZ esa xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k dj bu ij foe'kZ osQ 
fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa 
osQ O;fDrxr gSaA t+:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjr 
ljdkj osQ ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa 
ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA 
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrq osQ 
fy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr vkys[kksa esa iz;qDr ekufp=k o 
izrhd vkf/dkfjd ugha gS] cfYd lkaosQfrd gSaA ;s 
ekufp=k ;k izrhd fdlh Hkh ns'k dk vkfèkdkfjd 
izfrfuf/Ro ugha djrs gSaA
;kstuk ys[kdksa }kjk vkys[kksa osQ lkFk vius 
fo'oluh; lzksrksa ls ,d=k dj miyC/ djk, 
x, vkadM+ksa@rkfydkvksa@bUiQksxzkfiQDl osQ lEcUèk 
esa mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA ;kstuk fdlh Hkh ys[k esa osQl 
LVMh osQ :i esa izLrqr fdlh Hkh czkaM ;k futh 
laLFkkvksa dk leFkZu ;k izpkj ugha djrh gSA
;kstuk ?kj eaxkus] 'kqYd esa NwV osQ lkFk njksa o Iyku 
dh foLr`r tkudkjh osQ fy, i`"B&55 ij ns[ksaA
;kstuk dh lnL;rk 'kqYd tek djus osQ ckn 
if=kdk izkIr gksus esa de ls de 8 lIrkg dk 
le; yxrk gSA bl vof/ osQ lekIr gksus osQ ckn 
gh ;kstuk izkIr u gksus dh f'kdk;r djsaA
;kstuk u feyus dh f'kdk;r ;k iqjkus vad eaxkus 
osQ fy, uhps fn, x, bZ&esy ij fy[ksa & 
pdjucir@gmail.com
;k laidZ djsa& 
nwjHkk"k % 011&24367453
(lkseokj ls 'kqØokj lHkh dk;Z fnol ij  
izkr% 9%30 cts ls 'kke 6%00 cts rd)
;kstuk dh lnL;rk dh tkudkjh ysus rFkk 
foKkiu Niokus osQ fy, laidZ djsaµ
vfHk"ksd prqosZnh] laiknd] if=kdk ,dka'k
çdk'ku foHkkx] dejk la- 779] lkroka ry]
lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj] yksnh jksM]  
u;h fnYyh&110003
12
21
7
25
33
41
49
56
???????????????
?????????????????????? ????????????
???????????
????????????????????????????
???????????????????????-??????
???????????????????? ??????????????????(????????)
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
5 ?????? 2024
gekjk ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k
jr esa] fgeky; ds ioZrksa ls ysdj fo'kky leqæh rVksa rd] mÙkj&iwoZ ds ?kus gjs taxyksa ls ysdj mÙkj&if'pe ds 
rirs jsfxLrkuksa] fofHkUu çdkj ds taxyksa] nynyksa] }hiksa vkSj egklkxjksa rd] çkÑfrd ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k dh fo'kky 
fofoèkrk gSA 80 jkelj vknZzHkwfe vkSj 40 ls vfèkd ;wusLdks fo'o èkjksgj LFkyksa] fo'kky iBkjksa] gjs&Hkjs unh ds eSnkuksa vkSj 
dbZ cM+h ufn;ksa ds lkFk] Hkkjr esa vfo'oluh; :i ls cgqeq[kh LFkykÑfr gS tks ;kf=k;ksa dks vkuafnr djrh gSA
fgeky; dh Åaph ?kkfV;kas] ouLifr;ksa vkSj thoksa dh fofoèk  Ük`a[kyk vkSj Åaph pksfV;ka yacs le; ls ;kf=k;ksa] lkglh 
O;fDr;ksa vkSj vkè;kfRed lkèkdksa dks vkdf"kZr djrh jgh gSa] tks varr% ns'k ds vkè;kfRed] dykRed vkSj lkaLÑfrd rkus&ckus 
dks çHkkfor djrh gSaA ekmaV ,ojsLV] daputaxk] uaxk ioZr vkSj vU; lfgr nqfu;k dh dqN lcls Åaph pksfV;ka fgeky; esa 
ikbZ tkrh gSaA ge budh HkO;rk ls Hkys gh vk'p;Zpfdr gksa] bl çkÑfrd vk'p;Z dh j{kk vkSj laj{k.k ds fy, gesa yM+uk 
gksxk rkfd vkus okyh ihf<+;ka Hkh fgeky; dh yqHkkouh lqanjrk ls jksekafpr gks ldsaA
Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k jsfxLrku] Fkkj jsfxLrku mÙkj if'pe esa fLFkr gS vkSj vius 'kq"d bykds rFkk jsr ds cnyrs Vhyksa ls 
vyx gSA bldk fuekZ.k vjkoyh ioZrekyk ds o`f"VNk;k çHkko ds dkj.k gqvkA viuh izpaM tyok;q ds ckotwn] Fkkj jsfxLrku] 
jsfxLrku ds vuqdwy Hkkjrh; fpadkjk] Ñ".ke`x vkSj jsfxLrkuh ykseM+h tSls oU;thoksa dh ,d foLr`r  Ük`a[kyk dk ?kj gSA
fgeky; dh rygVh ls ysdj Fkkj jsfxLrku rd iQSyk baMks&xakxs; ;k fla/q&xaxk eSnku ,d mitkÅ tyks<+ eSnku gS tks 
fgeky;h ufn;ksa ds ryNV ds teko ls cuk gSA lqanjcu {ks=k dk Hkkjrh; Hkkx xaxk MsYVk ds lcls fupys fcanq ij fLFkr gSA 
eSaxzkso ouksa okyk ;g {ks=k oU; thou dh fofoèkrk ds fy, çfl¼ gS] ftlesa dbZ i{kh çtkfr;ka] caxky Vkbxj vkSj Hkkjrh; 
vtxj vkSj ejhu ([kkjkty) exjePN tSlh vU; yqIrçk; çtkfr;ka 'kkfey gSaA
çk;}hih; iBkj] tks Hkkjr ds dsaæ ls nf{k.k rd iQSyk gS] ns'k ds vfèkdka'k Hkwfe {ks=k dks doj djrk gSA ;g ,d fo'kky] 
mcM+&[kkcM+ vkSj Åapk {ks=k gS tks dbZ çeq[k ufn;ksa ls f?kjk gqvk gS] ftuesa ueZnk] xksnkojh] Ñ".kk vkSj dkosjh 'kkfey gSa] tks 
lHkh fgeky;h ufn;ksa ls dgha vfèkd iqjkuh gSaA if'peh vkSj iwohZ ?kkV] tks viuh vlkèkkj.k tSo fofoèkrk vkSj vk'p;Ztud 
n`';ksa ds fy, çfl¼ gSa] çk;}hih; iBkj dh lhek ij gSa vkSj Hkkjr ds if'peh rFkk iwohZ rVksa ds lekukarj pyrs gSaA nDdu 
dk iBkj ,d cM+k Åapk {ks=k gS tks eè; vkSj nf{k.kh Hkkjr ds ,d cM+s fgLls rd iQSyk gqvk gSA ;g vius mitkÅ eSnkuksa] 
Tokykeq[kh; lajpukvksa vkSj likV 'kh"kZ okyh igkfM+;ksa ls vyx gSA eUukj dh [kkM+h] vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewg rFkk 
ewaxk pV~Vkusa Lo;a tSo fofoèkrk ds fy, gkWVLikWV gSa tks leqæh dNqvksa] jaxhu eNfy;ksa vkSj dksjy ikWyhIl lfgr leqæh thou 
dh ,d vfo'oluh;  Ük`a[kyk dk ?kj gSaA
Hkkjr dh Hkw&oSKkfud fofoèkrk bldh mYys[kuh; ikfjfLFkfrd le`f¼ dk vkèkkj gSA ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k laj{k.k vkSj ekuo 
dY;k.k vkil esa ?kfu"B :i ls tqM+s gq, gSaA çkÑfrd nqfu;k ds fy, fLFkjrk] laj{k.k vkSj lEeku ds egRo dks dk;e j[krs 
gq, ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k dh nh?kZdkfyd ifjorZu'khyrk vkSj LokLF; Hkkoh ihf<+;ksa ds fy, loksZifj gSA tSls&tSls ge 21oha lnh 
dh pqukSfr;ksa ls tw> jgs gSa] gekjs ikfjfLFkfrd&ra=k dks le>us vkSj mldh j{kk djus dh vko';drk igys ls dgha vfèkd 
c<+ xbZ gSA
ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k i`Foh ij thou dk vkèkkj gS_ os thfor phtksa vkSj muds ifjos'k ds tfVy usVodZ gSaA ;kstuk ds 
bl vad esa] ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k dh fofoèkrk] ifjorZu'khyrk vkSj laj{k.k dh rRdky vko';drk ij çdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA 
vk'kk gS fd bl vad dh varn`Zf"V u dsoy gekjs ikBdksa dks Hkkjr ds ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k dks le>us esa lgk;rk djsxh 
cfYd gekjk vfLrRo cuk, j[kus gsrq ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k ds iks"k.k vkSj j[kj[kko dh gekjh lkewfgd ftEesnkjh dk Lej.k 
Hkh djk,xhA                                                                                  ?
laikndh;
Hkk
7 ?????? 2024
jr osQ HkkSxksfyd Hkw&n`'; dks mÙkj esa jktlh 
fgeky; }kjk fpfÉr fd;k x;k gS ftlus 
Hkkjrh; miegk}hi osQ vf}rh; lkaLÑfrd 
fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA fgeky; osQ nf{k.k 
esa] fgeky; ls fudyus okyh ufn;ksa tSls xaxk] ;equk] jkoh] 
lryqt] xaMd] dkslh] frLrk] czãiq=k vkfn }kjk fufeZr fo'kky 
tyks<+ iFk cuk gqvk gSA xaxk vkSj czãiq=k unh ç.kkfy;ka 
nqfu;k esa lcls vfèkd mitkÅ {ks=kksa esa ls ,d gSa vkSj Hkkjr 
Hkk
dh vkcknh dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk ;gka jgrk gSA Hkkjr 
dk vfèkdka'k HkkSxksfyd {ks=k çk;}hih; iBkj ls vkPNkfnr 
gS tks ns'k osQ eè; ls nf{k.kh Hkkxksa rd iSQyk gqvk gSA ;g 
,d cM+k] Åapk] ÅcM+&•kcM+ bykdk gS tks dbZ cM+h ufn;ksa 
tSls fd ueZnk] xksnkojh] Ñ".kk vkSj dkosjh }kjk foPNsfnr 
gS] tks fgeky; dh ufn;ksa ls cgqr iqjkuh gSaA çk;}hih; iBkj 
dh lhek ls yxs vkSj Hkkjr osQ if'peh vkSj iwohZ rVksa osQ 
lekukarj pyus okys if'peh vkSj iwohZ ?kkV gSa] tks viuh 
Hkkjr nqfu;k dk ikapoka lcls cM+k ns'k gS ;g HkkSxksfyd :i ls le`¼ vkSj blesa 
Hkw&oSKkfud fofoèkrk gS] ftlesa 'kfDr'kkyh fgeky; ls ysdj (tks nqfu;k dh lcls 
Åaph ioZr Ük`a•ykvksa esa ls ,d gS)] fo'kky fgan egklkxj dh ns•js• djus okys 
fupys rVh; eSnkuksa rd iSQyk gqvk gSA blosQ Hkw&oSKkfud Hkw&Hkkx esa vjcksa o"kZ 
igys] i`Foh osQ fuekZ.k dh 'kq#vkr esa cus vkpsu ;qx ls ysdj] oqQN gt+kj lky 
igys tek gq, unh tyks<+ rd dh pV~Vkusa gSaA
vfHkuo vkse fdadj
ofj’ Hkw&foKkuh] Hkkjrh; Hkw&oSKkfud loZs{k.k] jkT; bdkbZ% ,eih] tcyiqjA
bZesy% abhinav.kinker@gsi.gov.in
Hkw&oSKkfud ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k
Page 5


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laikndh; dk;kZy;
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yksnh jksM] ubZ fnYyh&110003 
bZesy% yojanahindi@gmail.com
;kstuk dk y{; ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl ls 
lEcfU/r eqíksa dk ljdkjh uhfr;ksa osQ O;kid 
lanHkZ esa xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k dj bu ij foe'kZ osQ 
fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa 
osQ O;fDrxr gSaA t+:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjr 
ljdkj osQ ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa 
ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA 
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrq osQ 
fy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr vkys[kksa esa iz;qDr ekufp=k o 
izrhd vkf/dkfjd ugha gS] cfYd lkaosQfrd gSaA ;s 
ekufp=k ;k izrhd fdlh Hkh ns'k dk vkfèkdkfjd 
izfrfuf/Ro ugha djrs gSaA
;kstuk ys[kdksa }kjk vkys[kksa osQ lkFk vius 
fo'oluh; lzksrksa ls ,d=k dj miyC/ djk, 
x, vkadM+ksa@rkfydkvksa@bUiQksxzkfiQDl osQ lEcUèk 
esa mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA ;kstuk fdlh Hkh ys[k esa osQl 
LVMh osQ :i esa izLrqr fdlh Hkh czkaM ;k futh 
laLFkkvksa dk leFkZu ;k izpkj ugha djrh gSA
;kstuk ?kj eaxkus] 'kqYd esa NwV osQ lkFk njksa o Iyku 
dh foLr`r tkudkjh osQ fy, i`"B&55 ij ns[ksaA
;kstuk dh lnL;rk 'kqYd tek djus osQ ckn 
if=kdk izkIr gksus esa de ls de 8 lIrkg dk 
le; yxrk gSA bl vof/ osQ lekIr gksus osQ ckn 
gh ;kstuk izkIr u gksus dh f'kdk;r djsaA
;kstuk u feyus dh f'kdk;r ;k iqjkus vad eaxkus 
osQ fy, uhps fn, x, bZ&esy ij fy[ksa & 
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;k laidZ djsa& 
nwjHkk"k % 011&24367453
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izkr% 9%30 cts ls 'kke 6%00 cts rd)
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foKkiu Niokus osQ fy, laidZ djsaµ
vfHk"ksd prqosZnh] laiknd] if=kdk ,dka'k
çdk'ku foHkkx] dejk la- 779] lkroka ry]
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www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
5 ?????? 2024
gekjk ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k
jr esa] fgeky; ds ioZrksa ls ysdj fo'kky leqæh rVksa rd] mÙkj&iwoZ ds ?kus gjs taxyksa ls ysdj mÙkj&if'pe ds 
rirs jsfxLrkuksa] fofHkUu çdkj ds taxyksa] nynyksa] }hiksa vkSj egklkxjksa rd] çkÑfrd ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k dh fo'kky 
fofoèkrk gSA 80 jkelj vknZzHkwfe vkSj 40 ls vfèkd ;wusLdks fo'o èkjksgj LFkyksa] fo'kky iBkjksa] gjs&Hkjs unh ds eSnkuksa vkSj 
dbZ cM+h ufn;ksa ds lkFk] Hkkjr esa vfo'oluh; :i ls cgqeq[kh LFkykÑfr gS tks ;kf=k;ksa dks vkuafnr djrh gSA
fgeky; dh Åaph ?kkfV;kas] ouLifr;ksa vkSj thoksa dh fofoèk  Ük`a[kyk vkSj Åaph pksfV;ka yacs le; ls ;kf=k;ksa] lkglh 
O;fDr;ksa vkSj vkè;kfRed lkèkdksa dks vkdf"kZr djrh jgh gSa] tks varr% ns'k ds vkè;kfRed] dykRed vkSj lkaLÑfrd rkus&ckus 
dks çHkkfor djrh gSaA ekmaV ,ojsLV] daputaxk] uaxk ioZr vkSj vU; lfgr nqfu;k dh dqN lcls Åaph pksfV;ka fgeky; esa 
ikbZ tkrh gSaA ge budh HkO;rk ls Hkys gh vk'p;Zpfdr gksa] bl çkÑfrd vk'p;Z dh j{kk vkSj laj{k.k ds fy, gesa yM+uk 
gksxk rkfd vkus okyh ihf<+;ka Hkh fgeky; dh yqHkkouh lqanjrk ls jksekafpr gks ldsaA
Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k jsfxLrku] Fkkj jsfxLrku mÙkj if'pe esa fLFkr gS vkSj vius 'kq"d bykds rFkk jsr ds cnyrs Vhyksa ls 
vyx gSA bldk fuekZ.k vjkoyh ioZrekyk ds o`f"VNk;k çHkko ds dkj.k gqvkA viuh izpaM tyok;q ds ckotwn] Fkkj jsfxLrku] 
jsfxLrku ds vuqdwy Hkkjrh; fpadkjk] Ñ".ke`x vkSj jsfxLrkuh ykseM+h tSls oU;thoksa dh ,d foLr`r  Ük`a[kyk dk ?kj gSA
fgeky; dh rygVh ls ysdj Fkkj jsfxLrku rd iQSyk baMks&xakxs; ;k fla/q&xaxk eSnku ,d mitkÅ tyks<+ eSnku gS tks 
fgeky;h ufn;ksa ds ryNV ds teko ls cuk gSA lqanjcu {ks=k dk Hkkjrh; Hkkx xaxk MsYVk ds lcls fupys fcanq ij fLFkr gSA 
eSaxzkso ouksa okyk ;g {ks=k oU; thou dh fofoèkrk ds fy, çfl¼ gS] ftlesa dbZ i{kh çtkfr;ka] caxky Vkbxj vkSj Hkkjrh; 
vtxj vkSj ejhu ([kkjkty) exjePN tSlh vU; yqIrçk; çtkfr;ka 'kkfey gSaA
çk;}hih; iBkj] tks Hkkjr ds dsaæ ls nf{k.k rd iQSyk gS] ns'k ds vfèkdka'k Hkwfe {ks=k dks doj djrk gSA ;g ,d fo'kky] 
mcM+&[kkcM+ vkSj Åapk {ks=k gS tks dbZ çeq[k ufn;ksa ls f?kjk gqvk gS] ftuesa ueZnk] xksnkojh] Ñ".kk vkSj dkosjh 'kkfey gSa] tks 
lHkh fgeky;h ufn;ksa ls dgha vfèkd iqjkuh gSaA if'peh vkSj iwohZ ?kkV] tks viuh vlkèkkj.k tSo fofoèkrk vkSj vk'p;Ztud 
n`';ksa ds fy, çfl¼ gSa] çk;}hih; iBkj dh lhek ij gSa vkSj Hkkjr ds if'peh rFkk iwohZ rVksa ds lekukarj pyrs gSaA nDdu 
dk iBkj ,d cM+k Åapk {ks=k gS tks eè; vkSj nf{k.kh Hkkjr ds ,d cM+s fgLls rd iQSyk gqvk gSA ;g vius mitkÅ eSnkuksa] 
Tokykeq[kh; lajpukvksa vkSj likV 'kh"kZ okyh igkfM+;ksa ls vyx gSA eUukj dh [kkM+h] vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewg rFkk 
ewaxk pV~Vkusa Lo;a tSo fofoèkrk ds fy, gkWVLikWV gSa tks leqæh dNqvksa] jaxhu eNfy;ksa vkSj dksjy ikWyhIl lfgr leqæh thou 
dh ,d vfo'oluh;  Ük`a[kyk dk ?kj gSaA
Hkkjr dh Hkw&oSKkfud fofoèkrk bldh mYys[kuh; ikfjfLFkfrd le`f¼ dk vkèkkj gSA ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k laj{k.k vkSj ekuo 
dY;k.k vkil esa ?kfu"B :i ls tqM+s gq, gSaA çkÑfrd nqfu;k ds fy, fLFkjrk] laj{k.k vkSj lEeku ds egRo dks dk;e j[krs 
gq, ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k dh nh?kZdkfyd ifjorZu'khyrk vkSj LokLF; Hkkoh ihf<+;ksa ds fy, loksZifj gSA tSls&tSls ge 21oha lnh 
dh pqukSfr;ksa ls tw> jgs gSa] gekjs ikfjfLFkfrd&ra=k dks le>us vkSj mldh j{kk djus dh vko';drk igys ls dgha vfèkd 
c<+ xbZ gSA
ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k i`Foh ij thou dk vkèkkj gS_ os thfor phtksa vkSj muds ifjos'k ds tfVy usVodZ gSaA ;kstuk ds 
bl vad esa] ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k dh fofoèkrk] ifjorZu'khyrk vkSj laj{k.k dh rRdky vko';drk ij çdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA 
vk'kk gS fd bl vad dh varn`Zf"V u dsoy gekjs ikBdksa dks Hkkjr ds ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k dks le>us esa lgk;rk djsxh 
cfYd gekjk vfLrRo cuk, j[kus gsrq ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k ds iks"k.k vkSj j[kj[kko dh gekjh lkewfgd ftEesnkjh dk Lej.k 
Hkh djk,xhA                                                                                  ?
laikndh;
Hkk
7 ?????? 2024
jr osQ HkkSxksfyd Hkw&n`'; dks mÙkj esa jktlh 
fgeky; }kjk fpfÉr fd;k x;k gS ftlus 
Hkkjrh; miegk}hi osQ vf}rh; lkaLÑfrd 
fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA fgeky; osQ nf{k.k 
esa] fgeky; ls fudyus okyh ufn;ksa tSls xaxk] ;equk] jkoh] 
lryqt] xaMd] dkslh] frLrk] czãiq=k vkfn }kjk fufeZr fo'kky 
tyks<+ iFk cuk gqvk gSA xaxk vkSj czãiq=k unh ç.kkfy;ka 
nqfu;k esa lcls vfèkd mitkÅ {ks=kksa esa ls ,d gSa vkSj Hkkjr 
Hkk
dh vkcknh dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk ;gka jgrk gSA Hkkjr 
dk vfèkdka'k HkkSxksfyd {ks=k çk;}hih; iBkj ls vkPNkfnr 
gS tks ns'k osQ eè; ls nf{k.kh Hkkxksa rd iSQyk gqvk gSA ;g 
,d cM+k] Åapk] ÅcM+&•kcM+ bykdk gS tks dbZ cM+h ufn;ksa 
tSls fd ueZnk] xksnkojh] Ñ".kk vkSj dkosjh }kjk foPNsfnr 
gS] tks fgeky; dh ufn;ksa ls cgqr iqjkuh gSaA çk;}hih; iBkj 
dh lhek ls yxs vkSj Hkkjr osQ if'peh vkSj iwohZ rVksa osQ 
lekukarj pyus okys if'peh vkSj iwohZ ?kkV gSa] tks viuh 
Hkkjr nqfu;k dk ikapoka lcls cM+k ns'k gS ;g HkkSxksfyd :i ls le`¼ vkSj blesa 
Hkw&oSKkfud fofoèkrk gS] ftlesa 'kfDr'kkyh fgeky; ls ysdj (tks nqfu;k dh lcls 
Åaph ioZr Ük`a•ykvksa esa ls ,d gS)] fo'kky fgan egklkxj dh ns•js• djus okys 
fupys rVh; eSnkuksa rd iSQyk gqvk gSA blosQ Hkw&oSKkfud Hkw&Hkkx esa vjcksa o"kZ 
igys] i`Foh osQ fuekZ.k dh 'kq#vkr esa cus vkpsu ;qx ls ysdj] oqQN gt+kj lky 
igys tek gq, unh tyks<+ rd dh pV~Vkusa gSaA
vfHkuo vkse fdadj
ofj’ Hkw&foKkuh] Hkkjrh; Hkw&oSKkfud loZs{k.k] jkT; bdkbZ% ,eih] tcyiqjA
bZesy% abhinav.kinker@gsi.gov.in
Hkw&oSKkfud ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k
8 ?????? 2024
le`¼ vkSj vf}rh; tSo fofoèkrk vkSj lqjE; ifjn`'; osQ fy, 
tkus tkrs gSaA Hkkjr dh yxHkx 7]500 fd-eh- yach rVjs•k 
gS] tks if'pe esa vjc lkxj] nf{k.k esa fgan egklkxj vkSj 
iwoZ esa caxky dh •kM+h ls yxrh gSA bl rVjs•k esa mitkÅ 
rVh; eSnku] jsrhys leqæ rV] pV~Vkuh rV vkSj rVh; vkæZHkwfe 
gSa] ftu ij eSaxzkso ouksa dk dCt+k gSA Fkkj jsfxLrku Hkkjr 
osQ mÙkj&if'peh Hkkx esa fLFkr gS tks jsr osQ Vhyksa] fojy 
ouLifr vkSj fof'k‘ thoksa okyk ,d fo'kky 'kq"d {ks=k gSA 
Hkkjr esa Hkh dbZ }hi lewg gSa] ftuesa lcls çeq• gSa caxky dh 
•kM+h esa vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewg vkSj vjc lkxj esa  
y{k}hi }hi lewgA bu }hiksa esa le`¼ leqæh tSo fofoèkrk gS 
vkSj ;s j.kuhfrd ns'k osQ fy, vR;fèkd egRoiw.kZ gSaA
fgeky;] nqfu;k dh lcls Åaph ioZr Ük`a•yk gS] tks 
Hkkjrh; HkwHkkx dks frCcrh iBkj ls vyx djrh gSA bldk 
fuekZ.k Hkkjrh; IysV osQ ;wjsf'k;u IysV ls Vdjkus ls gqvk gS] 
ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i Hkkjrh; miegk}hi osQ mÙkjh fdukjs ij 
pyus okyh ,d cM+h ofyr ioZr ç.kkyh dk fuekZ.k gqvk 
gSA ;g if'pe&mÙkj&if'pe ls iwoZ&nf{k.k&iwoZ fn'kk rd 
,d pki osQ :i esa yxHkx 2]400 fd-eh- rd pyrk gS] 
tks ikap nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa esa iSQyk gqvk gSA bldh 
pkSM+kbZ if'pe esa 350 fd-eh- ls ysdj iwoZ esa 150 fd-eh- 
rd gSA fgeky;h HkwHkkx esa Åaph ciQZ ls <dh pksfV;ka] •M+h 
<yku okyh xgjh ?kkfV;ka vkSj Xysf'k;j 'kkfey gSaA HkkSxksfyd 
n`f‘ ls] fgeky; esa pkj lekukarj ioZr Ük`a•yk,a 'kkfey 
gSa] vFkkZr~ f'kokfyd igkfM+;ka] fupyh fgeky;  Ük`a•yk ;k 
fgekpy] egku fgeky;  Ük`a•yk ;k fgekfæ] vkSj nf{k.k ls 
mÙkj rd frCcrh fgeky;A egku fgeky; nqfu;k dh oqQN 
lcls Åaph pksfV;ksa dk ?kj gS] tSls ekmaV ,ojsLV] oaQputaxk] 
uaxk ioZr] vkfnA jsat osQ Hkhrj dbZ Xysf'k;j ekStwn gSa] ftuesa 
xaxks=kh Xysf'k;j vkSj lrksiaFk Xysf'k;j 'kkfey gSaA fgeky; osQ 
Xysf'k;j mÙkjh Hkkjr dh ufn;ksa osQ fy, rkts ikuh dk Ïksr 
gSa] tks ns'k dh cgqla[;d vkcknh dks ikuh miyCèk djkrs gSaA 
;g {ks=k Hkw&rkih; ÅtkZ lalkèkuksa dh laHkkouk osQ lkFk vHkh 
Hkh HkkSxksfyd :i ls lfØ; gSA fofHk {ks=kksa esa xeZ ikuh 
osQ >juksa vkSj Hkwrkih; folaxfr;ksa dh igpku dh xbZ gS] tks 
milrgh rki Ïksrksa dh mifLFkfr dk laosQr nsrs gSa ftudk 
mi;ksx fctyh mRiknu osQ fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA
mÙkjh eSnkuksa dks ^Hkkjr dks egku eSnku* Hkh dgk tkrk 
gS] ;g nqfu;k osQ lcls O;kid tyks<+ {ks=kksa esa ls ,d gSA 
;g if'pe ls iwoZ rd yxHkx 2400 fd-eh- vkSj mÙkj ls 
nf{k.k rd 240 ls 320 fd-eh- rd iSQyk gSA oqQN Hkkxksa esa 
ryNVksa dh xgjkbZ 2000 ls 3000 ehVj rd gSA bldk fuekZ.k 
fgeky; osQ mRFkku ls mRi gksus okyh ufn;ksa }kjk yk, x, 
ryNVksa ls gqvk gS] vkSj ,d vxzHkwfe csflu esa tek gqvk gSA 
gkykafd bldh ÅapkbZ de gS vkSj mÙkj&iwoZ ls nf{k.k&if'pe 
vkSj nf{k.k dh vksj lkekU; <yku gS] fo'kky mÙkjh eSnkuksa esa 
oqQN fofoèk jkgr fo'ks"krk,a gSaA tSls&tSls fgeky; ls fudyus 
okyh ufn;ka igkfM+;ksa ls uhps mrjrh gSa] mudk osx de gks 
tkrk gS vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i] os vius l?ku vkSj eksVs ryNV 
osQ va'k dks Hkkcj uked ,d ladh.kZ] fNæiw.kZ] iryh iV~Vh 
esa rygVh esa cgk nsrh gSa tks yxHkx 8 ls 16 fd-eh- pkSM+h 
gksrh gSA Hkkcj csYV esa ljaèkzrk osQ dkj.k tyèkkjk,a Hkwfexr 
gks tkrh gSaA rjkbZ csYV Hkkcj csYV osQ nf{k.k esa fLFkr gS tgka 
èkkjk,a Hkkcj csYV esa Hkwfexr gksdj fiQj ls lrg ij vk tkrh 
gSaA ;g ,d •jkc ty fudklh okyk] xhyk] nynyh vkSj 
?kus taxyksa okyk ladjk VªSd gS] tks Hkkcj osQ lekukarj yxHkx 
15&30 fd-eh- rd iSQyk gqvk gSA ?kus taxyksa okys rjkbZ {ks=k 
esa fofoèk ouLifr;ka vkSj tho&tarq gSa vkSj ;gka mÙkjk•aM osQ 
fte dkWcZsV us'kuy ikdZ vkSj vle esa dkthjaxk us'kuy ikdZ 
tSls oqQN çfl¼ jk‘ªh; m|ku gSaA mÙkjh eSnkuksa dh ,d vU; 
jkgr fo'ks"krk Hkkaxj gS] tks ,d iqjkuk tyks<+ gS tks ck<+ osQ 
eSnku osQ Åij ,d Nr cukrk gSA ;g vDlj pwusnkj iRFkj 
fte dkWcZsV us'kuy ikdZ dkthjaxk us'kuy ikdZ