Yojana Magazine July 2023 - 1 (Hindi) | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


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tqykbZ 2023
ISSN-0971-8397
fo'ks"kkad
Page 2


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tqykbZ 2023
ISSN-0971-8397
fo'ks"kkad
??? ?? ????? ??? ?
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh ewy ckrsa%  
vDlj iwNs tkus okys ç'u
lgdkfjrk D;k gS\
lgdkfjrk dh voèkkj.kk ,d 
;k vfèkd lkekU; vkfFkZd t:jrksa 
okys O;fDr;ksa ds ,d lewg dh 
ifjdYiuk djrh gS] tks LosPNk ls 
vius lkèkuksa & ekuo vkSj lkexzh 
nksuksa dks ,df=kr djus ds fy, 
lger gksrs gSa] vkSj mUgsa yksdrkaf=kd 
rtZ ij vius }kjk çcafèkr m|e ds 
ekè;e ls ikjLifjd ykHk ds fy, 
mi;ksx djrs gSaA
lgdkfjrk] thou ds dqN 
ewY;ksa ij vkèkkfjr vkfFkZd laxBu 
dk ,d :i gSA ;g euq";ksa dk 
,d LoSfPNd vkSj yksdrkaf=kd 
la?k gS] tks fu;a=k.k] volj vkSj 
forj.k dh lekurk ij vkèkkfjr 
gSA blds vykok] ;g mRikndksa 
vkSj miHkksDrkvksa ds lkekU; fgrksa 
dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, gSA lHkh 
vkfFkZd laLFkk,a ykHk ds fy, 
pyrh gSa vkSj ykHk dekuk gh 
mudk ,dek=k mís'; gksrk gS] tcfd lgdkfjrk vius 
lnL;ksa dks equkiQk dekus ds ,dek=k bjkns ds fcuk lsok,a 
çnku djrk gSA
lgdkjh lfefr ds fy, laoSèkkfud çkoèkku D;k gSa\
1- Hkkjr ds lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 19(1)(x) esa dgk 
x;k gS fd & lHkh ukxfjdksa dks laxe ;k la?k (;k 
lgdkjh lfefr;kaa) cukus dk ewy vfèkdkj gksxkA
2- jkT; ds uhfr funs'kd fl¼kar 43[k & lgdkjh 
lfefr;ksa dks c<+kok nsuk & jkT; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds 
LoSfPNd xBu] Lok;Ùk dkedkt] yksdrkaf=kd fu;a=k.k 
vkSj is'ksoj çcaèku dks c<+kok nsus dk ç;kl djsxkA
3- Hkkjr ds lafoèkku dk Hkkx 9[k lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks 
laoSèkkfud ntkZ nsrk gS vkSj blesa muds yksdrkaf=kd 
dkedkt ds çkoèkku 'kkfey gSaA
lgdkjh lfefr D;k gS\
lgdkjh ewY;ksa vkSj fl¼karksa ds vuqlkj la;qDr 
LokfeRo vkSj yksdrkaf=kd fu;a=k.k okys m|e ds ekè;e 
ls mudh lkekU; lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd 
t:jrksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, lekt 
ds detksj oxZ ds O;fDr;ksa dk ,d Lok;Ùk] [kqyk vkSj 
LoSfPNd la?kA
jk"Vªh; lgdkjh MkVkcsl D;k gS\
jk"Vªh; lgdkjh MkVkcsl ds fuekZ.k dk çkFkfed 
y{; vkSj mís'; lwpuk vkèkkfjr fu.kZ; leFkZu ç.kkyh 
cukuk gSA
 y tehuh Lrj ij igqap vkSj lHkh {ks=kksa esa xfrfofèk;ksa 
ds leUo; dks etcwr djds ns'k esa lgdkjh vkanksyu 
dks u, Lrj ij ys tkukA
 y vkfFkZd fodkl ds lgdkjh&vkèkkfjr lekos'kh vkSj 
fVdkÅ ekWMy dks c<+kok nsukA
 y ifjpkyu çfØ;kvksa dks vklku cukukA
lzksr% lgdkfjrk ea=kky;
Hkkjr esa 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ksa ds 
dqN izdkj
xzkgd 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
mRiknd 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
foi.ku 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
fdlku 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
lgdkjh 
vkokl lfefr
½.k lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
Page 3


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tqykbZ 2023
ISSN-0971-8397
fo'ks"kkad
??? ?? ????? ??? ?
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh ewy ckrsa%  
vDlj iwNs tkus okys ç'u
lgdkfjrk D;k gS\
lgdkfjrk dh voèkkj.kk ,d 
;k vfèkd lkekU; vkfFkZd t:jrksa 
okys O;fDr;ksa ds ,d lewg dh 
ifjdYiuk djrh gS] tks LosPNk ls 
vius lkèkuksa & ekuo vkSj lkexzh 
nksuksa dks ,df=kr djus ds fy, 
lger gksrs gSa] vkSj mUgsa yksdrkaf=kd 
rtZ ij vius }kjk çcafèkr m|e ds 
ekè;e ls ikjLifjd ykHk ds fy, 
mi;ksx djrs gSaA
lgdkfjrk] thou ds dqN 
ewY;ksa ij vkèkkfjr vkfFkZd laxBu 
dk ,d :i gSA ;g euq";ksa dk 
,d LoSfPNd vkSj yksdrkaf=kd 
la?k gS] tks fu;a=k.k] volj vkSj 
forj.k dh lekurk ij vkèkkfjr 
gSA blds vykok] ;g mRikndksa 
vkSj miHkksDrkvksa ds lkekU; fgrksa 
dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, gSA lHkh 
vkfFkZd laLFkk,a ykHk ds fy, 
pyrh gSa vkSj ykHk dekuk gh 
mudk ,dek=k mís'; gksrk gS] tcfd lgdkfjrk vius 
lnL;ksa dks equkiQk dekus ds ,dek=k bjkns ds fcuk lsok,a 
çnku djrk gSA
lgdkjh lfefr ds fy, laoSèkkfud çkoèkku D;k gSa\
1- Hkkjr ds lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 19(1)(x) esa dgk 
x;k gS fd & lHkh ukxfjdksa dks laxe ;k la?k (;k 
lgdkjh lfefr;kaa) cukus dk ewy vfèkdkj gksxkA
2- jkT; ds uhfr funs'kd fl¼kar 43[k & lgdkjh 
lfefr;ksa dks c<+kok nsuk & jkT; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds 
LoSfPNd xBu] Lok;Ùk dkedkt] yksdrkaf=kd fu;a=k.k 
vkSj is'ksoj çcaèku dks c<+kok nsus dk ç;kl djsxkA
3- Hkkjr ds lafoèkku dk Hkkx 9[k lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks 
laoSèkkfud ntkZ nsrk gS vkSj blesa muds yksdrkaf=kd 
dkedkt ds çkoèkku 'kkfey gSaA
lgdkjh lfefr D;k gS\
lgdkjh ewY;ksa vkSj fl¼karksa ds vuqlkj la;qDr 
LokfeRo vkSj yksdrkaf=kd fu;a=k.k okys m|e ds ekè;e 
ls mudh lkekU; lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd 
t:jrksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, lekt 
ds detksj oxZ ds O;fDr;ksa dk ,d Lok;Ùk] [kqyk vkSj 
LoSfPNd la?kA
jk"Vªh; lgdkjh MkVkcsl D;k gS\
jk"Vªh; lgdkjh MkVkcsl ds fuekZ.k dk çkFkfed 
y{; vkSj mís'; lwpuk vkèkkfjr fu.kZ; leFkZu ç.kkyh 
cukuk gSA
 y tehuh Lrj ij igqap vkSj lHkh {ks=kksa esa xfrfofèk;ksa 
ds leUo; dks etcwr djds ns'k esa lgdkjh vkanksyu 
dks u, Lrj ij ys tkukA
 y vkfFkZd fodkl ds lgdkjh&vkèkkfjr lekos'kh vkSj 
fVdkÅ ekWMy dks c<+kok nsukA
 y ifjpkyu çfØ;kvksa dks vklku cukukA
lzksr% lgdkfjrk ea=kky;
Hkkjr esa 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ksa ds 
dqN izdkj
xzkgd 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
mRiknd 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
foi.ku 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
fdlku 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
lgdkjh 
vkokl lfefr
½.k lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
fganh] vlfe;k] ckaXyk] vaxzst+h] xqt+jkrh] dUuM+] ey;kye] rfey] rsyqxq] ejkBh] vksfM+;k] iatkch rFkk mnwZ 
esa ,d lkFk izdkf'krA
o"kZ  %  67
vad %  07
tqykbZ 2023
vk"kk<+&Jko.k] 'kd laor~ 1945
?? ??? ???...
i`"B %  76
izdk'ku foHkkx osQ ns'kHkj esa fLFkr foØ; osQaæksa dh lwph osQ fy, ns[ksa i`-la- 46
????? ??? : ????? ?? ???? ???????
ISSN-0971-8397
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
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laiknd 
MkW eerk jkuh] dkark jkuh
laikndh; dk;kZy;
648] lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj]
yksnh jksM] u;h fnYyh&110 003
la;qDr funs'kd (mRiknu) % MhosQlh ân;ukFk
 vkoj.k % fcUnq oekZ
;kstuk dk y{; ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl ls 
lEcfU/r eqíksa dk ljdkjh uhfr;ksa osQ O;kid 
lanHkZ esa xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k dj bu ij foe'kZ osQ 
fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa 
osQ O;fDrxr gSaA t+:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjr 
ljdkj osQ ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa 
ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA 
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrq osQ 
fy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr vkys[kksa esa iz;qDr ekufp=k o 
izrhd vkf/dkfjd ugha gS] cfYd lkaosQfrd gSaA ;s 
ekufp=k ;k izrhd fdlh Hkh ns'k dk vkfèkdkfjd 
izfrfuf/Ro ugha djrs gSaA
;kstuk ys[kdksa }kjk vkys[kksa osQ lkFk vius 
fo'oluh; lzksrksa ls ,d=k dj miyC/ djk, 
x, vkadM+ksa@rkfydkvksa@bUiQksxzkfiQDl osQ lEcUèk 
esa mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA ;kstuk fdlh Hkh ys[k esa osQl 
LVMh osQ :i esa izLrqr fdlh Hkh czkaM ;k futh 
laLFkkvksa dk leFkZu ;k izpkj ugha djrh gSA
;kstuk ?kj eaxkus] 'kqYd esa NwV osQ lkFk njksa 
o Iyku dh foLr`r tkudkjh osQ fy, i`"B&74 
ij ns[ksaA
;kstuk dh lnL;rk 'kqYd tek djus osQ ckn 
if=kdk izkIr gksus esa de ls de 8 lIrkg dk 
le; yxrk gSA bl vof/ osQ lekIr gksus osQ ckn 
gh ;kstuk izkIr u gksus dh f'kdk;r djsaA
;kstuk u feyus dh f'kdk;r ;k iqjkus vad eaxkus 
osQ fy, uhps fn, x, bZ&esy ij fy[ksa & 
pdjucir@gmail.com
;k laidZ djsa& 
nwjHkk"k % 011&24367453
(lkseokj ls 'kqØokj lHkh dk;Z fnol ij  
izkr% 9%30 cts ls 'kke 6%00 cts rd)
;kstuk dh lnL;rk dh tkudkjh ysus rFkk 
foKkiu Niokus osQ fy, laidZ djsaµ
vfHk"ksd prqosZnh] laiknd] if=kdk ,dka'k
çdk'ku foHkkx] dejk la- 779] lkroka ry]
lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj] yksnh jksM]  
u;h fnYyh&110003
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29
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54
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C-2
C-3
17
22
fo'ks"kkad
Page 4


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tqykbZ 2023
ISSN-0971-8397
fo'ks"kkad
??? ?? ????? ??? ?
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh ewy ckrsa%  
vDlj iwNs tkus okys ç'u
lgdkfjrk D;k gS\
lgdkfjrk dh voèkkj.kk ,d 
;k vfèkd lkekU; vkfFkZd t:jrksa 
okys O;fDr;ksa ds ,d lewg dh 
ifjdYiuk djrh gS] tks LosPNk ls 
vius lkèkuksa & ekuo vkSj lkexzh 
nksuksa dks ,df=kr djus ds fy, 
lger gksrs gSa] vkSj mUgsa yksdrkaf=kd 
rtZ ij vius }kjk çcafèkr m|e ds 
ekè;e ls ikjLifjd ykHk ds fy, 
mi;ksx djrs gSaA
lgdkfjrk] thou ds dqN 
ewY;ksa ij vkèkkfjr vkfFkZd laxBu 
dk ,d :i gSA ;g euq";ksa dk 
,d LoSfPNd vkSj yksdrkaf=kd 
la?k gS] tks fu;a=k.k] volj vkSj 
forj.k dh lekurk ij vkèkkfjr 
gSA blds vykok] ;g mRikndksa 
vkSj miHkksDrkvksa ds lkekU; fgrksa 
dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, gSA lHkh 
vkfFkZd laLFkk,a ykHk ds fy, 
pyrh gSa vkSj ykHk dekuk gh 
mudk ,dek=k mís'; gksrk gS] tcfd lgdkfjrk vius 
lnL;ksa dks equkiQk dekus ds ,dek=k bjkns ds fcuk lsok,a 
çnku djrk gSA
lgdkjh lfefr ds fy, laoSèkkfud çkoèkku D;k gSa\
1- Hkkjr ds lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 19(1)(x) esa dgk 
x;k gS fd & lHkh ukxfjdksa dks laxe ;k la?k (;k 
lgdkjh lfefr;kaa) cukus dk ewy vfèkdkj gksxkA
2- jkT; ds uhfr funs'kd fl¼kar 43[k & lgdkjh 
lfefr;ksa dks c<+kok nsuk & jkT; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds 
LoSfPNd xBu] Lok;Ùk dkedkt] yksdrkaf=kd fu;a=k.k 
vkSj is'ksoj çcaèku dks c<+kok nsus dk ç;kl djsxkA
3- Hkkjr ds lafoèkku dk Hkkx 9[k lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks 
laoSèkkfud ntkZ nsrk gS vkSj blesa muds yksdrkaf=kd 
dkedkt ds çkoèkku 'kkfey gSaA
lgdkjh lfefr D;k gS\
lgdkjh ewY;ksa vkSj fl¼karksa ds vuqlkj la;qDr 
LokfeRo vkSj yksdrkaf=kd fu;a=k.k okys m|e ds ekè;e 
ls mudh lkekU; lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd 
t:jrksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, lekt 
ds detksj oxZ ds O;fDr;ksa dk ,d Lok;Ùk] [kqyk vkSj 
LoSfPNd la?kA
jk"Vªh; lgdkjh MkVkcsl D;k gS\
jk"Vªh; lgdkjh MkVkcsl ds fuekZ.k dk çkFkfed 
y{; vkSj mís'; lwpuk vkèkkfjr fu.kZ; leFkZu ç.kkyh 
cukuk gSA
 y tehuh Lrj ij igqap vkSj lHkh {ks=kksa esa xfrfofèk;ksa 
ds leUo; dks etcwr djds ns'k esa lgdkjh vkanksyu 
dks u, Lrj ij ys tkukA
 y vkfFkZd fodkl ds lgdkjh&vkèkkfjr lekos'kh vkSj 
fVdkÅ ekWMy dks c<+kok nsukA
 y ifjpkyu çfØ;kvksa dks vklku cukukA
lzksr% lgdkfjrk ea=kky;
Hkkjr esa 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ksa ds 
dqN izdkj
xzkgd 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
mRiknd 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
foi.ku 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
fdlku 
lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
lgdkjh 
vkokl lfefr
½.k lgdkfjrk 
lfefr;ka
fganh] vlfe;k] ckaXyk] vaxzst+h] xqt+jkrh] dUuM+] ey;kye] rfey] rsyqxq] ejkBh] vksfM+;k] iatkch rFkk mnwZ 
esa ,d lkFk izdkf'krA
o"kZ  %  67
vad %  07
tqykbZ 2023
vk"kk<+&Jko.k] 'kd laor~ 1945
?? ??? ???...
i`"B %  76
izdk'ku foHkkx osQ ns'kHkj esa fLFkr foØ; osQaæksa dh lwph osQ fy, ns[ksa i`-la- 46
????? ??? : ????? ?? ???? ???????
ISSN-0971-8397
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
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laiknd 
MkW eerk jkuh] dkark jkuh
laikndh; dk;kZy;
648] lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj]
yksnh jksM] u;h fnYyh&110 003
la;qDr funs'kd (mRiknu) % MhosQlh ân;ukFk
 vkoj.k % fcUnq oekZ
;kstuk dk y{; ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl ls 
lEcfU/r eqíksa dk ljdkjh uhfr;ksa osQ O;kid 
lanHkZ esa xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k dj bu ij foe'kZ osQ 
fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa 
osQ O;fDrxr gSaA t+:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjr 
ljdkj osQ ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa 
ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA 
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrq osQ 
fy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr vkys[kksa esa iz;qDr ekufp=k o 
izrhd vkf/dkfjd ugha gS] cfYd lkaosQfrd gSaA ;s 
ekufp=k ;k izrhd fdlh Hkh ns'k dk vkfèkdkfjd 
izfrfuf/Ro ugha djrs gSaA
;kstuk ys[kdksa }kjk vkys[kksa osQ lkFk vius 
fo'oluh; lzksrksa ls ,d=k dj miyC/ djk, 
x, vkadM+ksa@rkfydkvksa@bUiQksxzkfiQDl osQ lEcUèk 
esa mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA ;kstuk fdlh Hkh ys[k esa osQl 
LVMh osQ :i esa izLrqr fdlh Hkh czkaM ;k futh 
laLFkkvksa dk leFkZu ;k izpkj ugha djrh gSA
;kstuk ?kj eaxkus] 'kqYd esa NwV osQ lkFk njksa 
o Iyku dh foLr`r tkudkjh osQ fy, i`"B&74 
ij ns[ksaA
;kstuk dh lnL;rk 'kqYd tek djus osQ ckn 
if=kdk izkIr gksus esa de ls de 8 lIrkg dk 
le; yxrk gSA bl vof/ osQ lekIr gksus osQ ckn 
gh ;kstuk izkIr u gksus dh f'kdk;r djsaA
;kstuk u feyus dh f'kdk;r ;k iqjkus vad eaxkus 
osQ fy, uhps fn, x, bZ&esy ij fy[ksa & 
pdjucir@gmail.com
;k laidZ djsa& 
nwjHkk"k % 011&24367453
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;kstuk dh lnL;rk dh tkudkjh ysus rFkk 
foKkiu Niokus osQ fy, laidZ djsaµ
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lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dk l'kDrhdj.k
76 esa fjyht+ gqbZ ØkmM& lksLMZ (cM+h la[;k esa yksxksa dks 'kkfey djosQ cuh) fganh fiQYe eaFku us igyh ckj flusek osQ inZs 
ij lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh rkdr fn•kbZA blesa Ms;jh lgdkfjrk dks eq[;r% Ñf"k çèkku lekt osQ osQaæ esa fn•k;k x;kA •knh 
lgdkjh lfefr;ka vkSj Jh efgyk x`g m|ksx vU; yksdfç; lgdkjh lfefr;ka Fkha ftUgksaus ml le; ?kjksa rd iSB cukbZ vkSj efgykvksa 
dk l'kDrhdj.k fd;kA lgdkjh lfefr;ka lekt osQ lk>k fgrksa osQ fy, xfBr yksdrkaf=kd 'kklu okyh tehuh laLFkk,a gSaA budk mís'; 
leqnk; osQ lkekftd&vkfFkZd mRFkku vkSj muosQ mRiknksa osQ fy, cktkj miyCèk djkuk gSA ;g okLro esa lg;ksx] lkewfgd ykHk vkSj 
lkekftd iwath osQ fuekZ.k ij vkèkkfjr ,d ekWMy gSA
;s lgdkjh lfefr;ka ,d 'krkCnh ls Hkh igys ls dk;Zjr gksus vkSj viuk vfLrRo cuk;s j•us ds ckn Hkh budh fLFkfr oqQy feykdj 
fo'ks"k :i ls yqHkkouh ugha FkhA ysfdu 6 tqykbZ] 2021 dks tc osQaæ ljdkj }kjk ^lgdkj ls le`f¼* osQ y{; dks çkIr djus osQ 
mís'; ls ,d vyx ^lgdkfjrk ea=kky;* dk xBu fd;k x;k rks ;g lgh ek;uksa esa t+ehuh Lrj rd dh igqap okys ,d tu&vkèkkfjr 
vkanksyu osQ :i esa lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks fodflr djus dk ,d ,sfrgkfld fu.kZ; FkkA
bls ns'k osQ lgdkjh vkanksyu dks et+cwr djus vkSj gekjh lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh 'kfDr dks igpkuus dh fn'kk esa ,d cM+s dne osQ 
:i esa ns•k x;k tks iwath ds eqdkcys yksxksa dks ojh;rk nsrh gSa vkSj tu&osQafær O;olk;ksa osQ :i esa dke djrh gSaA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa osQ fodkl vkSj mUgsa vfèkd çfrLièkhZ cukus osQ fy, ,d i`Fkd ç'kklfud] dkuwuh vkSj uhfrxr <kapk çnku djrk gSA 
ekStwnk lkekftd&vkfFkZd ifjos'k esa lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks ,d l{ke vkSj liQy O;olk; ekWMy esa cnyus osQ fy, lajpuk esa bl rjg 
dk cnyko le; dh vko';drk gSA LFkkiuk osQ ckn ls ea=kky; egRoiw.kZ uhfr;ksa osQ fy, eatwjh çkIr djus esa liQy jgk gS ftlesa 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks xouZesaV bZ ekdsZVIysl (thbZ,e) ij ykuk] çkFkfed Ñf"k ½.k lfefr;ksa (ih,lh,l) dk dEI;wVjhdj.k] cgq&jkT; 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks et+cwr djuk vkfn 'kkfey gSa ftldk mís'; lgdkjh fodkl igyksa dks O;kid çksRlkgu nsuk gSA bruk gh ugha] 
lgdkjh {ks=k osQ fy, dkjksckjh ekgkSy esa lqèkkj ykus] ^bZt+ vkWiQ Mwbax fct+usl* osQ fy, çfØ;kvksa dks lqO;ofLFkr djus] lgdkfjrk 
ea=kky; ds fgrèkkjdksa osQ lkFk fofHk çdkj dh leL;kvksa vkSj fparkvksa dk lek/ku djus] ladfyr djus] mudk fo'ys"k.k djus vkSj 
fuiVku djus esa lfØ; :i ls lg;ksx dj jgk gSA
gkfy;k igyksa dks lgdkjh {ks=k dks vkSj vfèkd l'kDr cukus dh fn'kk esa Bksl ç;klksa osQ :i esa ns•k x;k gSA fofHk ;kstukvksa 
osQ vfHklj.k }kjk lgdkjh {ks=k esa ^fo'o dh lcls cM+h vUu HkaMkj.k ;kstuk* osQ fuekZ.k dks lqxe cukuk ikbiykbu esa gSA cht] tSfod 
vkSj fu;kZr ds fy, rhu cgqjkT;h; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds xBu ds fu.kZ; ls lgdkjh {ks=k dks ubZ xfr feysxhA izR;sd vNwrh iapk;r 
esa O;ogk;Z ih,lh,l LFkkfir djus dh Hkh ;kstuk gSA çR;sd rVh; iapk;r@xkao osQ lkFk&lkFk cM+s tyk'k;ksa okys iapk;r@xkao esa eRL; 
lgdkjh lfefr;ka LFkkfir djus dh ;kstuk,a rS;kj dh xbZ gSaA lkFk gh ekStwnk ih,lh,l@Ms;jh@efRL;dh lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks eRL;ikyu] 
i'kqikyu vkSj Ms;jh ea=kky; dh fofHk ;kstukvksa osQ vfHklj.k ls ^laiw.kZ&ljdkj* n`f‘dks.k dk ykHk mBk dj l'kDr cuk;k tk jgk gSA
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa us xzkeh.k fodkl osQ fy, ,d vkfFkZd ekWMy fodflr djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; 
dh LFkkiuk tks ljdkj }kjk lgdkfjrk dks iquthZfor djus dh ,d igy gS] fuf'pr :i ls ikjnf'kZrk yk,xh vkSj ns'kHkj esa tehuh 
Lrj ij lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh igqap dk foLrkj djsxhA ;kstuk dk ;g vad lgdkjh {ks=k esa bl Økafr vkSj ns'k osQ fodkl esa bldh 
vifjgk;Z Hkwfedk osQ ckjs esa O;kid ppkZ dk fgLlk cuus dk vfHkçk; j•rk gSA gesa mEehn gS fd fo"k; fo'ks"kKksa dh jk; vkRefuHkZjrk 
dks c<+kok nsus osQ lkFk&lkFk] leqnk;ksa dks ,dtqV djus esa lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh {kerk osQ ckjs esa gekjs ikBdksa dh le> dks O;kid 
vk;ke çnku djsxhA                                                                                    ?
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vDlj iwNs tkus okys ç'u
lgdkfjrk D;k gS\
lgdkfjrk dh voèkkj.kk ,d 
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okys O;fDr;ksa ds ,d lewg dh 
ifjdYiuk djrh gS] tks LosPNk ls 
vius lkèkuksa & ekuo vkSj lkexzh 
nksuksa dks ,df=kr djus ds fy, 
lger gksrs gSa] vkSj mUgsa yksdrkaf=kd 
rtZ ij vius }kjk çcafèkr m|e ds 
ekè;e ls ikjLifjd ykHk ds fy, 
mi;ksx djrs gSaA
lgdkfjrk] thou ds dqN 
ewY;ksa ij vkèkkfjr vkfFkZd laxBu 
dk ,d :i gSA ;g euq";ksa dk 
,d LoSfPNd vkSj yksdrkaf=kd 
la?k gS] tks fu;a=k.k] volj vkSj 
forj.k dh lekurk ij vkèkkfjr 
gSA blds vykok] ;g mRikndksa 
vkSj miHkksDrkvksa ds lkekU; fgrksa 
dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, gSA lHkh 
vkfFkZd laLFkk,a ykHk ds fy, 
pyrh gSa vkSj ykHk dekuk gh 
mudk ,dek=k mís'; gksrk gS] tcfd lgdkfjrk vius 
lnL;ksa dks equkiQk dekus ds ,dek=k bjkns ds fcuk lsok,a 
çnku djrk gSA
lgdkjh lfefr ds fy, laoSèkkfud çkoèkku D;k gSa\
1- Hkkjr ds lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 19(1)(x) esa dgk 
x;k gS fd & lHkh ukxfjdksa dks laxe ;k la?k (;k 
lgdkjh lfefr;kaa) cukus dk ewy vfèkdkj gksxkA
2- jkT; ds uhfr funs'kd fl¼kar 43[k & lgdkjh 
lfefr;ksa dks c<+kok nsuk & jkT; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds 
LoSfPNd xBu] Lok;Ùk dkedkt] yksdrkaf=kd fu;a=k.k 
vkSj is'ksoj çcaèku dks c<+kok nsus dk ç;kl djsxkA
3- Hkkjr ds lafoèkku dk Hkkx 9[k lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks 
laoSèkkfud ntkZ nsrk gS vkSj blesa muds yksdrkaf=kd 
dkedkt ds çkoèkku 'kkfey gSaA
lgdkjh lfefr D;k gS\
lgdkjh ewY;ksa vkSj fl¼karksa ds vuqlkj la;qDr 
LokfeRo vkSj yksdrkaf=kd fu;a=k.k okys m|e ds ekè;e 
ls mudh lkekU; lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd 
t:jrksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, lekt 
ds detksj oxZ ds O;fDr;ksa dk ,d Lok;Ùk] [kqyk vkSj 
LoSfPNd la?kA
jk"Vªh; lgdkjh MkVkcsl D;k gS\
jk"Vªh; lgdkjh MkVkcsl ds fuekZ.k dk çkFkfed 
y{; vkSj mís'; lwpuk vkèkkfjr fu.kZ; leFkZu ç.kkyh 
cukuk gSA
 y tehuh Lrj ij igqap vkSj lHkh {ks=kksa esa xfrfofèk;ksa 
ds leUo; dks etcwr djds ns'k esa lgdkjh vkanksyu 
dks u, Lrj ij ys tkukA
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fVdkÅ ekWMy dks c<+kok nsukA
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lzksr% lgdkfjrk ea=kky;
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lfefr;ksa ds 
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ISSN-0971-8397
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
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la;qDr funs'kd (mRiknu) % MhosQlh ân;ukFk
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;kstuk dk y{; ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl ls 
lEcfU/r eqíksa dk ljdkjh uhfr;ksa osQ O;kid 
lanHkZ esa xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k dj bu ij foe'kZ osQ 
fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa 
osQ O;fDrxr gSaA t+:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjr 
ljdkj osQ ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa 
ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA 
;kstuk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrq osQ 
fy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA
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fo'oluh; lzksrksa ls ,d=k dj miyC/ djk, 
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esa mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA ;kstuk fdlh Hkh ys[k esa osQl 
LVMh osQ :i esa izLrqr fdlh Hkh czkaM ;k futh 
laLFkkvksa dk leFkZu ;k izpkj ugha djrh gSA
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gh ;kstuk izkIr u gksus dh f'kdk;r djsaA
;kstuk u feyus dh f'kdk;r ;k iqjkus vad eaxkus 
osQ fy, uhps fn, x, bZ&esy ij fy[ksa & 
pdjucir@gmail.com
;k laidZ djsa& 
nwjHkk"k % 011&24367453
(lkseokj ls 'kqØokj lHkh dk;Z fnol ij  
izkr% 9%30 cts ls 'kke 6%00 cts rd)
;kstuk dh lnL;rk dh tkudkjh ysus rFkk 
foKkiu Niokus osQ fy, laidZ djsaµ
vfHk"ksd prqosZnh] laiknd] if=kdk ,dka'k
çdk'ku foHkkx] dejk la- 779] lkroka ry]
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5 ????? 2023
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dk l'kDrhdj.k
76 esa fjyht+ gqbZ ØkmM& lksLMZ (cM+h la[;k esa yksxksa dks 'kkfey djosQ cuh) fganh fiQYe eaFku us igyh ckj flusek osQ inZs 
ij lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh rkdr fn•kbZA blesa Ms;jh lgdkfjrk dks eq[;r% Ñf"k çèkku lekt osQ osQaæ esa fn•k;k x;kA •knh 
lgdkjh lfefr;ka vkSj Jh efgyk x`g m|ksx vU; yksdfç; lgdkjh lfefr;ka Fkha ftUgksaus ml le; ?kjksa rd iSB cukbZ vkSj efgykvksa 
dk l'kDrhdj.k fd;kA lgdkjh lfefr;ka lekt osQ lk>k fgrksa osQ fy, xfBr yksdrkaf=kd 'kklu okyh tehuh laLFkk,a gSaA budk mís'; 
leqnk; osQ lkekftd&vkfFkZd mRFkku vkSj muosQ mRiknksa osQ fy, cktkj miyCèk djkuk gSA ;g okLro esa lg;ksx] lkewfgd ykHk vkSj 
lkekftd iwath osQ fuekZ.k ij vkèkkfjr ,d ekWMy gSA
;s lgdkjh lfefr;ka ,d 'krkCnh ls Hkh igys ls dk;Zjr gksus vkSj viuk vfLrRo cuk;s j•us ds ckn Hkh budh fLFkfr oqQy feykdj 
fo'ks"k :i ls yqHkkouh ugha FkhA ysfdu 6 tqykbZ] 2021 dks tc osQaæ ljdkj }kjk ^lgdkj ls le`f¼* osQ y{; dks çkIr djus osQ 
mís'; ls ,d vyx ^lgdkfjrk ea=kky;* dk xBu fd;k x;k rks ;g lgh ek;uksa esa t+ehuh Lrj rd dh igqap okys ,d tu&vkèkkfjr 
vkanksyu osQ :i esa lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks fodflr djus dk ,d ,sfrgkfld fu.kZ; FkkA
bls ns'k osQ lgdkjh vkanksyu dks et+cwr djus vkSj gekjh lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh 'kfDr dks igpkuus dh fn'kk esa ,d cM+s dne osQ 
:i esa ns•k x;k tks iwath ds eqdkcys yksxksa dks ojh;rk nsrh gSa vkSj tu&osQafær O;olk;ksa osQ :i esa dke djrh gSaA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa osQ fodkl vkSj mUgsa vfèkd çfrLièkhZ cukus osQ fy, ,d i`Fkd ç'kklfud] dkuwuh vkSj uhfrxr <kapk çnku djrk gSA 
ekStwnk lkekftd&vkfFkZd ifjos'k esa lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks ,d l{ke vkSj liQy O;olk; ekWMy esa cnyus osQ fy, lajpuk esa bl rjg 
dk cnyko le; dh vko';drk gSA LFkkiuk osQ ckn ls ea=kky; egRoiw.kZ uhfr;ksa osQ fy, eatwjh çkIr djus esa liQy jgk gS ftlesa 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks xouZesaV bZ ekdsZVIysl (thbZ,e) ij ykuk] çkFkfed Ñf"k ½.k lfefr;ksa (ih,lh,l) dk dEI;wVjhdj.k] cgq&jkT; 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks et+cwr djuk vkfn 'kkfey gSa ftldk mís'; lgdkjh fodkl igyksa dks O;kid çksRlkgu nsuk gSA bruk gh ugha] 
lgdkjh {ks=k osQ fy, dkjksckjh ekgkSy esa lqèkkj ykus] ^bZt+ vkWiQ Mwbax fct+usl* osQ fy, çfØ;kvksa dks lqO;ofLFkr djus] lgdkfjrk 
ea=kky; ds fgrèkkjdksa osQ lkFk fofHk çdkj dh leL;kvksa vkSj fparkvksa dk lek/ku djus] ladfyr djus] mudk fo'ys"k.k djus vkSj 
fuiVku djus esa lfØ; :i ls lg;ksx dj jgk gSA
gkfy;k igyksa dks lgdkjh {ks=k dks vkSj vfèkd l'kDr cukus dh fn'kk esa Bksl ç;klksa osQ :i esa ns•k x;k gSA fofHk ;kstukvksa 
osQ vfHklj.k }kjk lgdkjh {ks=k esa ^fo'o dh lcls cM+h vUu HkaMkj.k ;kstuk* osQ fuekZ.k dks lqxe cukuk ikbiykbu esa gSA cht] tSfod 
vkSj fu;kZr ds fy, rhu cgqjkT;h; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds xBu ds fu.kZ; ls lgdkjh {ks=k dks ubZ xfr feysxhA izR;sd vNwrh iapk;r 
esa O;ogk;Z ih,lh,l LFkkfir djus dh Hkh ;kstuk gSA çR;sd rVh; iapk;r@xkao osQ lkFk&lkFk cM+s tyk'k;ksa okys iapk;r@xkao esa eRL; 
lgdkjh lfefr;ka LFkkfir djus dh ;kstuk,a rS;kj dh xbZ gSaA lkFk gh ekStwnk ih,lh,l@Ms;jh@efRL;dh lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks eRL;ikyu] 
i'kqikyu vkSj Ms;jh ea=kky; dh fofHk ;kstukvksa osQ vfHklj.k ls ^laiw.kZ&ljdkj* n`f‘dks.k dk ykHk mBk dj l'kDr cuk;k tk jgk gSA
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa us xzkeh.k fodkl osQ fy, ,d vkfFkZd ekWMy fodflr djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; 
dh LFkkiuk tks ljdkj }kjk lgdkfjrk dks iquthZfor djus dh ,d igy gS] fuf'pr :i ls ikjnf'kZrk yk,xh vkSj ns'kHkj esa tehuh 
Lrj ij lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh igqap dk foLrkj djsxhA ;kstuk dk ;g vad lgdkjh {ks=k esa bl Økafr vkSj ns'k osQ fodkl esa bldh 
vifjgk;Z Hkwfedk osQ ckjs esa O;kid ppkZ dk fgLlk cuus dk vfHkçk; j•rk gSA gesa mEehn gS fd fo"k; fo'ks"kKksa dh jk; vkRefuHkZjrk 
dks c<+kok nsus osQ lkFk&lkFk] leqnk;ksa dks ,dtqV djus esa lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh {kerk osQ ckjs esa gekjs ikBdksa dh le> dks O;kid 
vk;ke çnku djsxhA                                                                                    ?
laikndh;
19
^^vkRefuHkZjrk dk ,d csgrjhu ekWMy lgdkj gSA xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk dks 
l'kDr djus ds fy, lgdkfjrk ds liQy iz;ksxksa dk ,d cgqr cM+k ekWMy 
Ms;jh lsDVj gekjs lkeus ekStwn gSA**
& çèkkuea=kh Jh ujsUæ eksnh
7 ????? 2023
gdkfjrk* lewg U;kflrk ;kuh Vhe VªLVhf'ki 
dk çrhd gS vkSj nks ikfjHkkf"kd vfHkdFkuksa 
& ^lg vkSj dk;Z* dks O;Dr djrk gS ftldk 
vFkZ gS lkFk dke djukA ekuo thou dh c<+rh tfVyrkvksa] 
vkèkqfud le; esa tuekul dh çkFkfedrkvksa vkSj vis{kkvksa 
dh c<+rh nwjh] fujarj çxfr vkSj le`f¼ osQ fy, vkdka{kk,a] 
vko';drk,a vkSj lgdkfjrk ds fofHkUu çdkjksa vkSj Lrjksa 
dh mi;ksfxrk us çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh dks 6 tqykbZ] 2021 
dks ,d vyx ç'kklfud ea=kky; & lgdkfjrk ea=kky; 
(,evkslh) osQ xBu fy, çsfjr fd;kA çèkkuea=kh osQ vkàku& 
^lgdkj ls le`f¼* us ljdkj osQ ç;klksa osQ lkFk&lkFk 
y{;ksa dks lqèkkjus ij tksj fn;k tks leqnk; osQ usr`Ro vkSj 
LokfeRo okyh m|e'khyrk osQ ç;klksa osQ ekè;e ls vkfFkZd 
Lora=krk] vkRefuHkZjrk vkSj lkekftd U;k; çkIr djus osQ 
fy, lgdkfjrk dks ,d lkèku ekuus dk Li‘ |ksrd gSA
lgdkjh lfefr;ka lkeqnkf;d Lrj osQ O;kolkf;d 
laxBu gSa ftuosQ ikl lkekftd iwath mRiUu djus vkSj 
vo'kksf"kr djus dh vlkèkkj.k {kerk gSA gekjs iwoZtksa us gj 
ukxfjd esa lg;ksx dh Hkkouk dks fodflr djus vkSj iksf"kr 
djus dk ç;kl fd;k vkSj ;g lkfcr fd;k gS fd Hkkjr 
esa ^lgdkfjrk* gekjs thou dk rjhdk jgk gS] tks vukfn 
dky ls ^olqèkSo oqQVqEcde* dh èkkj.kk dk leFkZu djrk 
gSA 1904 esa lgdkjh ½.k lfefr vfèkfu;e dh ?kks"k.kk ls 
ysdj 1912 esa blosQ la'kksèku rd lgdkfjrk vkanksyu jkgr 
çnku djus dk vkanksyu Fkk vkSj eq[; :i ls xzkeh.k ½.k 
tqVkus vkSj fdlkuksa dks mls çnku djus ij osQafær FkkA Hkkjr 
esa lgdkfjrk ij eSdysxu lfefr (1914&15) dh fliQkfj'kksa 
osQ ckn bl vkanksyu dk Lo:i eq[; :i ls jkgr çnku 
djus ls cny dj ,sls vkanksyu esa ifjofrZr gks x;k ftldk 
mís'; lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa lqèkkj ykuk FkkA Lora=krk 
osQ ckn osQ Hkkjr esa lgdkjh lfefr;ksa us ,d egRoiw.kZ 
^l
,sls le; ij tc ge vkt+knh dk ve`r egksRlo euk jgs gSa gesa lg;ksx osQ 
jpukra=k osQ ekè;e ls ve`r dky osQ nkSjku fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa vxz.kh LFkku 
gkfly djus osQ fy, •qn dks rS;kj djuk pkfg,A ;g lg;ksx&vkèkkfjr vkfFkZd 
ekWMy gS ftlesa larqfyr {ks=kh; fodkl dks c<+kok nsus vkSj LFkkuh; m|fe;ksa dks 
fo'o Lrjh; vk;ke nsus osQ fy, çsfjr djus dh {kerk gSA ea=kky; çèkkuea=kh osQ 
^lgdkj ls le`f¼* osQ LoIu dks lkdkj djus ,oa ljdkj osQ lexz utfj;s osQ 
ekè;e ls ljdkj dh igy dks ykxw djus gsrq ,dtqV vkSj laxfBr n`f‘dks.k dk 
ikyu djus osQ fy, çfrc¼ gSA
cnyko dk vuqHko fd;k D;ksafd mUgsa Hkkjr ljdkj dh 
;kstukvksa esa mfpr ekU;rk feyhA 
Hkkjr esa lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dk ,d le`¼ bfrgkl 
jgk gS vkSj ;gka 8-54 yk• lgdkjh lfefr;ka gSa ftuesa ls 
80 izfr'kr lgdkjh xSj&½.k lfefr;ka gSa vkSj 20 izfr'kr 
lgdkjh ½.k lfefr;ka gSaA vkt 98 izfr'kr xkaoksa esa ekStwn 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh lnL; la[;k 29 djksM+ gSA rkfydk&1 
esa Hkkjr esa lgdkjh vkanksyu dk ,d laf{kIr fooj.k fn;k 
x;k gSA
Hkkjr vkt vius vrhr dh vlkèkkj.k miyfCèk;ksa ij 
xkSjokfUor gS vkSj og vHkko&eqDr vkSj lkekftd&vkfFkZd 
rkfydk 1
lgdkjh vkanksyu ,d utj esa 
(2016&17)
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa 
ds çdkj
foLrkj 
(la[;k esa)
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dk 
dk;Zçn'kZu
foLrkj 
(izfr'kr)
lgdkjh ½.k 
lfefr;ka
1-77 yk• lgdkjh lfefr;ksa }kjk 
forfjr Ñf"k ½.k
13-40
lgdkjh xSj&½.k 
lfefr;ka
6-76 yk• lgdkjh lfefr;ksa }kjk 
doj fd;k xzkeh.k usVodZ
98-0
çkFkfed Ñf"k 
lgdkjh lfefr;ka
97]961 çkFkfed Ñf"k ½.k 
lfefr;ksa (ih,lh) }kjk 
doj fd, x, xkao
90-8
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh 
oqQy lnL;rk 
29 djksM+ lgdkjh {ks=k esa moZjd 
mRiknu
28-8
jkԻh; Lrj osQ 
lgdkjh la?k
17 lgdkjh lfefr;ksa }kjk 
moZjd forj.k
35-0
jkT; Lrjh; lgdkjh 
la?k
390 lgdkjh phuh feyksa }kjk 
phuh mRiknu
30-6
ftyk Lrjh; lgdkjh 
la?k
2]705 HkaMkj.k {kerk okys 
ih,lh 
55-5
cgq&jkT; lgdkjh 
lfefr;ka
1]435
Ïksr % lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh lkaf[;dh; çksiQkby] ,ulh;wvkbZ] 2018