Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
An 11-member Bangladeshi delegation will travel to India on Monday for a meeting regarding the Ganga Water Treaty, which is due for renewal in 2026.
India and Bangladesh are set to hold the 86th meeting of the joint committee of technical experts next week regarding the renewal of the 30-year-old treaty for sharing the waters of the trans-boundary river.
“The Bangladeshi delegation, led by Muhammad Abul Hossen, member of the Joint River Commission (JRC), will reach Kolkata on March 3 and immediately leave on a two-day visit to the joint observation site on the Ganges at Farakka until the morning of March 5,” The Daily Star newspaper said here on Saturday.
The delegation will return to Kolkata for a two-day meeting under the aegis of the India-Bangladesh Joint River Commission on March 6-7, according to a letter written by R R Sambharia, senior joint commissioner (FM).
Abul Hossen told the newspaper that the joint river commission sits once a year to discuss the cross-boundary river.
According to the Ministry of Jal Shakti, India and Bangladesh share 54 rivers. The Joint Rivers Commission of India and Bangladesh was constituted in 1972 as a bilateral mechanism to address issues of mutual interest on common / border / trans-boundary rivers.
The Ganga Water Treaty was signed on December 12, 1996 by the then Indian Prime Minister H D Deve Gowda and his Bangladeshi counterpart Sheikh Hasina.
During Hasina’s last visit to India in June – weeks before her regime was toppled in August 2024 – the two sides announced that technical negotiations had begun for the renewal of the 1996 Treaty.
[Excerpt from Indian Express "India’s Capital Gains Tax" Dated 07/03/25]
Q1: When was the Ganga Water Treaty signed?
(a) 1975
(b) 1990
(c) 1996
(d) 2001
Ans: (c) 1996
Sol: The Ganga Water Treaty was signed in 1996 between India and Bangladesh to regulate water-sharing.
Q2: In which year is the Ganga Water Treaty set to expire?
(a) 2025
(b) 2026
(c) 2030
(d) 2040
Ans: (b) 2026
Sol: The treaty is set to expire in 2026, making the upcoming negotiations crucial.
Q3: What is a major concern for Bangladesh regarding the treaty renewal?
(a) Rising tensions with China
(b) A larger share of dry-season water
(c) Construction of new dams by India
(d) Decreasing rainfall patterns
Ans: (b) A larger share of dry-season water
Sol: Bangladesh seeks a larger share of dry-season water due to severe agricultural shortages.
Q4: What is the primary purpose of the Farakka Barrage?
(a) To generate hydroelectric power
(b) To regulate water flow in the Ganga
(c) To prevent floods in Bangladesh
(d) To support navigation in the Bay of Bengal
Ans: (b) To regulate water flow in the Ganga
Sol: The Farakka Barrage, operational since 1975, was built to manage water flow, but it also intensified disputes.
Q5: According to the treaty, how is water shared when the Ganga's flow at the Farakka Barrage is 70,000 cusecs or less?
(a) India gets 60% and Bangladesh 40%
(b) Bangladesh gets 60% and India 40%
(c) Both countries receive equal shares
(d) Water is allocated based on seasonal demand
Ans: (c) Both countries receive equal shares
Sol: When water availability is 70,000 cusecs or less, the treaty mandates equal sharing between India and Bangladesh.
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