The Actinoids Video Lecture - NEET

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next we talk about the actinide say act
nines are these many elements there are
14 elements at range from thorium
lawrencium these are at night and please
note all the actinides are media ok
lanthanum only this was radioactive but
that writes all are they yet earlier
members has relatively long tea half but
the later ones is very very short tea
have in second 30 second 60 seconds like
that and later ones actually can all be
prepared at the macroscopic level we
will see that you can even see that you
cannot even see this element because
they are produce only at the macroscopic
level in the nano grams level and the
their study is difficult the earlier
ones actually you can prepare in the
microscope already called bigger levels
okay you can prepare in kgs but the
later ones actually can prepare only in
the microscopic level but not will see
all these metals now so let's say hi do
all these metals the first lanthanide is
thorium atomic number 90 and this was
again this is silvery white you see most
of these metals are silvery white
discovered in 1829 and this is named
after Thor Thor is what god of thunder
okay
this was used as light source in the gas
man who you must have seen this gas -
slight gasp one where we have this gas
cylinder and we have this gas right gas
mantle so earlier it was used for gas
metal but since it is radioactive so now
it is not used it is used in high-end
optics it is used as nuclear fuel Korean
nuclear
and it is also used for radiation
shielding radiation shielding and it is
used for age dating also historian the
next is protactinium this is again
silvery white gray metal it also really
oxidized when air in stocks it and this
is radioactive this is rare also and
actually mentally predicted this it was
identified in 1930 so mainly predicted
this element that there will be some
element like this and this name straw
mattli proto proto is Vin's parent and
actinium is again element is called
parent of actinium so it's called
protactinium okay and this is used in
the radioactive decay this is the
earthly product in the radioactive DT
sorry
acting him is the product of
radioactivity of crap for acting him
from this you get actually okay this is
used generally for scientific research
you will see most of the elements they
are used generally for scientific
research or nuclear fuel the next is
uranium this is also celery white metal
and it it forms oxide coating this is
also radioactive in fact all these
elemental radioactive that made series
uranium 238 that is the most commonly
running the it account for most 93
percent of uranium in this nature and
this decays slowly by emitting alpha
particles this gives alpha particle this
is used as nuclear fuel uranium is the
most popular nuclear fuel okay the next
is neptunium neptunium is again now it
is since it is just placed after uranium
and you run him as you know the word
came from this planet Uranus so this
scheme from this operation as we have
Neptune so with that
it got his name neptunium after this
planet this is also celery white it
tarnishment oxidized in air exposing air
mentally protected this element also
because that time it was not there it
was synthesized in 1940 was first
synthesized in 1940 and it was produced
by bombarding uranium with neutrons in
the nuclear reactors and you see after
this most of these elements are
synthesized and these can also be used
to create nuclear weapons it has 19 do
activist crops the next is plutonium to
Tony um again after urania so you have
Pluto in the solar system so this after
net sorry after Neptune you have Pluto
so this is plutonium they enough of this
planet Pluto okay this is also silver
grey doubt putting it reducer create the
double coating in this radioactive and
this is also used for nuclear weapons
first synthesize the same year 1940
again this also was the designs by
bombarding uranium 238 with neutrons
okay and this was actually used in the
nuclear bomb in Nagasaki in others 1945
so this proton iam bomb it was the
prytaneum bomb Don iam 238 this was used
as a nuclear bomb for Japan blast 1945
this is a medium named after America
because by this time America was
developed it was produced in 1944 and
this was bomba produced by bombarding
uranium with neutrons in the nuclear
reactor okay
that excess curium this was named after
Marie Curie Marie Curie must be knowing
three popper scientists and also peri
Curie
so both were a couple husband wife and
it was produced in 1944 July by
bombarding uranium and plutonium with
neutrons in the nuclear reactor okay
that one ton of the nuclear fuel could
produce only 20 grams of curium such is
the waste weight one ton of nuclear fuel
that is uranium one ton of nuclear fuel
that is uranium produce only 20 gram of
curium the next is vark helium the
sparkly mess again if you see again
celery why this is named after Berkeley
Berkeley is what this is in California
and this is the place where it was
discovered in 1949 okay and this is the
first transfer aeneas element after Elan
yes and it is also produced by
bombarding curium with high-energy alpha
particles is all a synthetic element
they don't exist in nature
this is californium it was produced 1950
named after California and it was also
produced by bombarding curing with alpha
particles it was producing the
University of California so it was given
the name California and that lease is
used to start the nuclear reactor then
we have einsteinium this is also silvery
white radioactive and this is named
after our scientist Einstein this was
identified in 1952 again by University
of California fermium this is the last
element that can be prepared at the
macroscopic level so after this you not
the figure fermium and this was again
named after for me famous scientist and
discovered in the Durbridge of first
hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952 right so
in that it was for nexus mendelevium
so this was again synthesized by
bombarding einsteinium with alpha
particles thus the size 1955 University
of California again right it cannot be
repaired at microscopic level you can
prepare two or three grams it prepared
only the nano grams at the macroscopic
level so microscopy later the Nexus
nobelium it was prepared in 1958 again
it was synthesized Ashley by University
of California I think yeah and this was
named dr. Alfred knobbly and then we
have so next element is lawrencium this
is Lawrence you this lawrencium actually
was again prepared by Lawrence Berkeley
Lab of University of California so it
was named after Ernst Lawrence Lawrence
I'm so if you see the electronic if you
see the electronic configuration of
these elements you see that they all
have 7s tune and they all have variable
F F kin 5 F can actually have a zero to
14 elements 0 to putting elements ok and
s will have seven s and have two
elements and D will also have zero to
two elements one event yeah one is
maximum you can see here okay so it is
believed to have seven s to and it has a
variable occupancy of five F and sixty
subshell but not much is known clearly
because elements are produced only at
the macros microscopic level you see the
atomic size decrease here similar to
lanthanide contraction we have act my
contraction here here also do you do for
shielding effect lanthanides was pure
shielding effect pores in the effect of
orbital here this poor sending effect of
fire quality not much is known about it
having size of the little ones but
whatever is known there is a gradual
decrease in the atomic size talk about
the oxidation state it should has great
range of oxidation state why because my
5f 60 and 7s these three orbitals are
involved right the last few I mean here
we have all the electrons valence shell
fellows orbitals and these orbitals have
almost comparable energy and those you
have believe an oxidation see to example
uranium has 4 oxidation state rate this
plutonium has 5 oxidation state
ok talk about the general
characteristics they all silvery white
highly reactive they already active
they're not attacked balcony because of
the formation of this protective coating
but the tarnish easily in a rapidly near
but not much is investigated about these
element because one is their radioactive
and they don't have very big t ha they
easily disintegrate the half-life is
very less but they are most of them are
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