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GLYCEROL-PHOSPHATE SHUTTLE SYSTEM

Glycerol-Phosphate Shuttle System (Old NCERT) - NEET

Glycerol-Phosphate Shuttle System (Old NCERT) - NEET  


  •  In prokaryotes, shuttle mechanism is absent. They always get 38 ATP from aerobic respiration of 1 glucose mol.

  •  Cyanide inhibits the activity of cytochrome oxidase & inhibits the oxidation of cyto-a3.

  •  In mitochondria, of some plants alternative oxidase system is present, in which ETS continues even in presence of cyanides. This type of respiration is known as cyanide resistance respiration or Alternate electron pathway. Ex. Spinacia, Pisum.

Glycerol-Phosphate Shuttle System (Old NCERT) - NEET

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1. What is the glycerol-phosphate shuttle system?
The glycerol-phosphate shuttle system is a mechanism that allows the transfer of reducing equivalents, specifically NADH, from the cytosol to the mitochondria during cellular respiration. This system helps in the generation of ATP by facilitating the electron transport chain in the mitochondria.
2. How does the glycerol-phosphate shuttle system work?
In the glycerol-phosphate shuttle system, NADH is oxidized to NAD+ in the cytosol, resulting in the production of glycerol-3-phosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate then crosses the mitochondrial membranes and is converted back to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, while reducing FAD to FADH2 in the process. FADH2 then enters the electron transport chain in the mitochondria to generate ATP.
3. What is the significance of the glycerol-phosphate shuttle system?
The glycerol-phosphate shuttle system is important because it allows NADH, which is produced in the cytosol during glycolysis, to contribute to ATP production in the mitochondria. This system helps in maximizing the efficiency of energy production by transferring reducing equivalents across cellular compartments.
4. How does the glycerol-phosphate shuttle system differ from the malate-aspartate shuttle system?
The glycerol-phosphate shuttle system and the malate-aspartate shuttle system are two different mechanisms for transferring reducing equivalents across cellular compartments. While the glycerol-phosphate shuttle operates in the mitochondria, the malate-aspartate shuttle operates in both the mitochondria and the cytosol. Additionally, the malate-aspartate shuttle transfers NADH directly, whereas the glycerol-phosphate shuttle transfers FADH2.
5. Are there any diseases or disorders associated with the glycerol-phosphate shuttle system?
Yes, there are certain diseases and disorders associated with the glycerol-phosphate shuttle system. Defects in the enzymes involved in this system can lead to metabolic disorders such as glycerol kinase deficiency and mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. These conditions can result in symptoms such as muscle weakness, developmental delays, and impaired energy production.
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