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Acids, Bases and Salts - 2 Class 10 Worksheet Science Chapter 2

Q.1. Name the acid present in ant sting. (1 Marks)
Ans. Formic acid (Methanoic acid), HCOOH.

Ant StingAnt Sting

Q.2. Study the given table and answer the following questions. It shows the pH value of the plaque (which collects around teeth) surrounding a child's teeth over 3 hrs.

Acids, Bases and Salts - 2 Class 10 Worksheet Science Chapter 2(a)

Question for Worksheet: Acids, Bases & Salts - 2
Try yourself:The three constituents of plaque are
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(b) What causes tooth decay?  (1 Marks)
Ans.
A lower pH below 5.5 leads to tooth decay. At this pH, the calcium phosphate of the teeth' enamel gets corroded.
(c)
Question for Worksheet: Acids, Bases & Salts - 2
Try yourself:State the time during the day when the condition is most favourable for the process of tooth decay.
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(d) The nature of toothpastes commonly used to protect tooth decay is ______.  (1 Marks)
Ans. 
The toothpaste commonly used is basic so that the extra acid formed during tooth decay is neutralized and prevents tooth decay.

Q.3. You are provided with 90 mL of distilled water and 10 mL of concentrated sulphuric acid to prepare to dilute sulphuric acid.
(a) What is the correct way of preparing dilute sulphuric acid? Give reason.
(b) How will the concentration of H3O+ ions change on dilution?  (3 Marks)

Ans. (a) Add 10 mL of concentrated sulphuric acid slowly to 90 mL of water with constant stirring. Dilution of acid is a highly exothermic process. If water is added to concentrated sulphuric acid, heat generated causes the mixture to splash, leading to burns, and the glass container can break.
(b) Decreases per unit volume.

Q.4. (i) Define pH scale. Draw a figure showing the variation of pH with the change in concentration of H+(aq) and OH(aq) ions. 
(ii) Mention the range of pH of acidic solution, basic solution, and neutral solution, respectively. (5 Marks)
Ans. (i) The scale for measuring [H+] concentration in a solution is called a pH scale.  

Refer to the below figure:
Acids, Bases and Salts - 2 Class 10 Worksheet Science Chapter 2
(ii) the pH of the Neutral solution is 7.
the pH of the Acidic solution is 0 to below 7.
the pH of the Basic solution is 7 to 14.

Q.5. 2 ml of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a few pieces of granulated zinc metal taken in a test tube. When the contents are warmed, a gas evolves bubbled through a soap solution before testing. Write the equation of the chemical reaction involved and the test to detect the gas. Name the gas that will evolve when the same metal reacts with the dilute solution of a strong acid. (3 Marks) 
Ans. Zn + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2
When a burning splinter is brought near the gas, it burns with a Pop Sound.
Gas – Hydrogen / H2

Q.6

Question for Worksheet: Acids, Bases & Salts - 2
Try yourself:During the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas on a humid day, the gas is usually passed through the guard tube containing calcium chloride. The role of calcium chloride taken in the guard tube is to 
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Q.7. Identify the acid and the base from which sodium chloride is obtained. Which type of salt is it? When is it called rock salt? How is rock salt formed?  (3 Marks)
Ans.

  • Acid – Hydrochloric acid / HCl
  • Base – Sodium hydroxide / NaOH
  • Neutral Salt 
  • When it forms brown crystals combined with impurities.
  • Drying up of seas.  (CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019)

Q.8. Identify the acid and base which form sodium hydrogen carbonate. Write a chemical equation in support of your answer. State whether this compound is acidic, basic, or neutral. Also, write its pH value. (3 Marks) 
Ans.

  • Acid — H2CO3
  • Base — NaOH
  • NaOH + H2CO3 → NaHCO3 + H2O  (CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019)

Detailed Answer:
The compound is basic (weak). Its pH is more than 7.

Q.9. (i) A white powder is an active ingredient of antacids and is used to prepare baking powder. Name the compound and explain how it is manufactured. Give chemical equations. 
(ii) Write a chemical equation to show the effect of heat on this compound.  (3 Marks)
Ans. (i) Compound is NaHCO3/baking soda/sodium hydrogen carbonate 

Manufacture : NH3 + NaCl + H2O + CO2 → NH4Cl + NaHCO3
Acids, Bases and Salts - 2 Class 10 Worksheet Science Chapter 2

Q.10. Write the chemical name and formula of common salt. List two main sources of common salt in nature. Write any three uses of common salt. How is it connected to our struggle for freedom?  (5 Marks)
Ans. Sodium chloride NaCl. Common salt from seawater and Rock salt.
Uses of common salt :
(i) As a raw material for making many useful chemicals in the industry as sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid.
(ii) Used in cooking food. It is essential in our food for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
(iii) Used as a preservative in pickles.
(iv) Used in the manufacture of soap.  (Any three)
Mahatma Gandhi’s Dandi March was for the common salt procurement for the commoner. It is the essential product of daily use.

Q.11. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. When it changes into curd (Yogurt), will its pH value increase or decrease? Why?  (1 Marks)
Ans. When milk changes into curd, its pH will decrease. Because curd contains lactic acid, so H+ ion concentration increases to decrease.

Q.12. Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? (1 Marks)
Ans. Hydrogen gas.

Q.13. Which is a stronger acid, with pH = 5 or with pH = 2?  (1 Marks)
Ans. pH = 2 (lower the pH, stronger the acid).

Q.14. Explain the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on the following with chemical equation: (i) Magnesium ribbon
(ii) Sodium hydroxide
(iii) Crushed eggshells  (3 Marks)
Ans. (i) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 
Hydrogen gas is produced.
(ii) HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
Neutralization reaction
(iii) 2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O + CO2
Calcium chloride is formed.
Detailed Answer:
(i) Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium to form magnesium chloride, and H2 gas is liberated.  
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(ii) Reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is a neutralization reaction. Sodium chloride salt and water are formed.  
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
(iii) Eggshells are made of calcium carbonate, CaCO3. Dilute hydrochloric acid dissolves the CaCO3 and makes the shell soft.  
CaCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(Crushed egg shell)

Q.15. (a) While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid be added to water and not water to the acid? 
(b) Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not change the color of dry litmus paper. Why?  (3 Marks)
Ans. (a) The diluting of acid is highly exothermic, and on the addition of acid to the water, the excess heat is absorbed by water.
(b) Because HCl does not form H+ / H3O+ ions in dry condition.
Detailed Answer: (a) Diluting an acid is an exothermic process. When water is added to an acid, the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and may cause serious burns. Therefore, it is recommended that acid should be added to water carefully with constant stirring.
(b) Presence of ions like hydrogen (H+) ions or hydronium (H3O+) ions change the color of litmus paper. HCl can produce these ions only in the form of an aqueous solution. Hence, dry hydrogen chloride gas does not change the color of dry litmus paper.

The document Acids, Bases and Salts - 2 Class 10 Worksheet Science Chapter 2 is a part of the Class 10 Course Science Class 10.
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FAQs on Acids, Bases and Salts - 2 Class 10 Worksheet Science Chapter 2

1. What are acids, bases, and salts?
Ans. Acids, bases, and salts are three types of chemical compounds. Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water and have a pH less than 7. Bases are substances that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water and have a pH greater than 7. Salts are compounds formed when an acid reacts with a base, resulting in the replacement of the hydrogen ion of the acid with a metal ion or another positive ion.
2. How do acids, bases, and salts affect pH levels?
Ans. Acids lower the pH level of a solution by increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions. Bases, on the other hand, raise the pH level by increasing the concentration of hydroxide ions. Salts, when dissolved in water, can have a neutral pH or slightly affect the pH depending on the nature of the salt.
3. What are the common uses of acids, bases, and salts?
Ans. Acids have various applications, such as in the production of fertilizers, cleaning agents, and food additives. Bases are commonly used in household cleaning products, soaps, and personal care items. Salts have numerous uses, including food preservation, water treatment, and as electrolytes in batteries.
4. How can I identify acids, bases, and salts?
Ans. Acids can be identified by their sour taste, ability to dissolve metals, and ability to turn blue litmus paper red. Bases can be identified by their bitter taste, slippery feel, and ability to turn red litmus paper blue. Salts can be identified by their crystalline structure and the presence of positive and negative ions.
5. What are the health and environmental effects of acids, bases, and salts?
Ans. Acids can be corrosive and harmful if ingested or inhaled in high concentrations. Bases can also cause skin and eye irritation and can be harmful if ingested or inhaled. Salts, depending on their nature, can have varying effects on health and the environment. Some salts may be harmless, while others can be toxic or contribute to environmental pollution if released in large quantities.
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