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Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Practice Question Answers - Carbon and its compounds

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Q1: Carbon forms covalent bonds primarily because it has _____ valence electrons in its outermost shell.

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Ans: 4

Q2: The process of conversion of vegetable oils into solid fats is called ______.

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Ans: Hydrogenation

Q3: Ethanol and methanol belong to the class of ______ alcohols.

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Ans: Monohydric

Q4: The functional group present in carboxylic acids is ______.

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Ans: -COOH (Carboxyl)

Q5: Polymers are formed by the repeated attachment of ______.

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Ans: Monomers

Short Answer Questions
Q6: How is the property of catenation related to carbon?

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Ans: The property of catenation allows carbon atoms to form long chains, branched structures, and rings due to its ability to form strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.

Q7: Give an example of an unsaturated hydrocarbon and explain its structure.

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Ans: Ethene is an example of an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Its structure consists of a double bond between two carbon atoms, allowing for rotation around the single bonds and restricted rotation around the double bond.

Q8: Why is ethanol considered a renewable source of energy?

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Ans: Ethanol is considered renewable because it can be produced from biomass such as sugarcane or corn, which are renewable resources. This makes ethanol a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.

Q9: Define isomerism and provide an example involving carbon compounds.

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Ans: Isomerism is the phenomenon where compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. An example is butane and isobutane, both having the molecular formula C₄H₁₀ but different arrangements of carbon atoms.

Q10: How does the presence of a functional group affect the properties of organic compounds?

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Ans: The presence of a functional group determines the chemical behavior and properties of organic compounds. For instance, the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group makes alcohols polar and capable of hydrogen bonding, affecting their solubility and boiling points.

Long Answer Questions
Q11: Describe the process of polymerization with an example of a synthetic polymer.

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Ans: Polymerization is the chemical reaction in which small molecules called monomers join together to form long chains known as polymers. For instance, in the polymerization of ethene, multiple ethene monomers undergo addition reactions, forming a polyethylene chain.

Q12: Compare and contrast the structures of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

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Ans:

Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) have only single bonds between carbon atoms.
They can have a straight chain or a branched chain structure.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes) have at least one double bond or triple bond between carbon atoms.
These double or triple bonds limit the rotation of the carbon atoms.
Due to this limitation, unsaturated hydrocarbons often have a planar structure.

Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Practice Question Answers - Carbon and its compounds

Q13: Explain the formation of a soap molecule using the process of saponification.

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Ans:

Saponification is a chemical reaction that occurs when fats and oils are hydrolyzed in the presence of an alkali, typically sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
This reaction involves the breaking of ester bonds present in triglycerides, which are the main components of fats and oils.
The result of this process is the formation of soap molecules and glycerol as a byproduct.
Soap molecules exhibit both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) properties, which enable them to effectively clean by emulsifying oils and fats in water.
This dual nature of soap is what allows it to lift dirt and grease when mixed with water, making saponification a crucial process in soap-making and cleaning applications.

Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Practice Question Answers - Carbon and its compounds

Q14: Define homologous series and provide an example from the carbon compounds.

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Ans: A homologous series is a group of organic compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties, but differing by a CH₂ unit in their molecular formula. Example: Alkanes, where each member differs by -CH₂from the previous one.

Q15: Discuss the harmful effects of excessive carbon monoxide inhalation on human health.

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Ans: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, reducing their ability to transport oxygen. This can lead to oxygen deprivation in tissues, causing symptoms like headache, dizziness, and in severe cases, even death.

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FAQs on Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Practice Question Answers - Carbon and its compounds

1. What are the main properties of carbon that make it essential for life?

Ans. Carbon is a versatile element that can form stable bonds with many other elements, including itself. This ability allows carbon to create a vast array of complex molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, which are essential for life. Additionally, carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds, contributing to the diversity of organic compounds.

2. What are hydrocarbons, and what are their types?

Ans. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed solely of hydrogen and carbon. They can be classified into two main types: aliphatic hydrocarbons, which include alkanes (single bonds), alkenes (double bonds), and alkynes (triple bonds), and aromatic hydrocarbons, which contain a ring structure with alternating double bonds, such as benzene. These compounds are the building blocks of many chemical substances.

3. How does carbon form covalent bonds, and why is this important?

Ans. Carbon forms covalent bonds by sharing electrons with other atoms, allowing it to achieve a full outer electron shell. This bonding capability is crucial because it enables the formation of stable molecules and complex structures, which are vital for the function of biological systems and the creation of various materials used in everyday life.

4. What is the significance of carbon compounds in everyday life?

Ans. Carbon compounds play a vital role in daily life, as they are found in fuels (like gasoline and natural gas), food (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins), and various materials (plastics, textiles, and medicines). They are also essential in energy production, storage, and biological processes, highlighting their importance in both health and industry.

5. What are the environmental impacts of carbon compounds?

Ans. Carbon compounds, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), are significant greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. Their increase in the atmosphere from human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, leads to global warming and environmental degradation. Understanding and managing these compounds is crucial for sustainable development and environmental protection.

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