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RNA vs DNA Video Lecture - NEET

FAQs on RNA vs DNA Video Lecture - NEET

1. What is the difference between RNA and DNA?

Ans. RNA (ribonucleic acid) and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) are both nucleic acids that play crucial roles in genetic information. The main difference between RNA and DNA lies in their chemical structures. While DNA is a double-stranded helix, RNA is single-stranded. Additionally, RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose. These structural differences result in variations in their functions within the cell.

2. What are the functions of RNA and DNA?

Ans. RNA and DNA have distinct functions within the cell. DNA carries the genetic information that determines an organism's traits and characteristics. It acts as a blueprint for the production of RNA and proteins. RNA, on the other hand, plays various roles in gene expression. It acts as an intermediary between DNA and proteins, taking the genetic instructions from DNA and translating them into proteins through a process called protein synthesis. Additionally, certain types of RNA are involved in regulating gene expression and controlling cellular processes.

3. Can RNA be converted into DNA?

Ans. Yes, RNA can be converted into DNA through a process called reverse transcription. Reverse transcription is carried out by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. This enzyme synthesizes a complementary DNA strand, known as complementary DNA or cDNA, using an RNA template. The conversion of RNA to DNA is a significant step in certain biological processes, such as the replication of retroviruses like HIV.

4. How many types of RNA are there?

Ans. There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA carries the genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis, ensuring that the correct amino acids are added to the growing protein chain. rRNA forms the structural and catalytic components of ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis.

5. Why is RNA considered more versatile than DNA?

Ans. RNA is considered more versatile than DNA due to its ability to perform various functions within the cell. Unlike DNA, RNA can fold into complex three-dimensional structures, allowing it to carry out enzymatic activities. Additionally, RNA can have catalytic properties, known as ribozymes, and can also interact with proteins to form ribonucleoprotein complexes. These properties make RNA crucial in regulating gene expression, controlling cellular processes, and carrying out catalytic reactions, providing it with greater versatility compared to DNA.

Text Transcript from Video

thanks for stopping by let's talk about
differences between DNA and RNA so DNA
is usually double-stranded has two
separate strands that are connected
which look like this
while RNA is single-stranded most of the
time looking like this
DNA is much larger than RNA with usually
millions of nucleotides an RNA is of
course smaller with hundreds to
thousands of nucleotides and sometimes
tens of thousands
DNA has a deoxyribose sugar that's why
it's called deoxyribonucleic acid its
sugar structure looks like this and the
DNA of course has the phosphate group
and the nitrogenous base and this carbon
here is missing the oxygen as you'll see
without RNA which has a ribose sugar
looking like this again with the
phosphate group and then I try chess
base and this carbon here the number two
carbon has an oxygen attached to it the
location within the cell for DNA is
primarily primarily located in the
nucleus with some DNA being in
mitochondria as well for RNA while some
is in the nucleus most of your RNA is in
the cytosol and in the ribosomes
throughout the cytosol
if your nitrogenous bases DNA has four
nitrogenous bases adenine guanine
cytosine and thiamine and RNA also has
four bases adenine guanine cytosine and
uracil so RNA does not have uracil I'm
sorry does not have five me but has
uracil instead
you
you

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Sep 02, 2025 Last updated

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