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ekuo cLrh dk vFkZ gS fdlh Hkh izdkj vkSj vkdkj osQ ?kjksa
dk laoqQy ftuesa euq"; jgrs gSaA bl mís'; osQ fy, yksx
edkuksa vkSj vU; bekjrksa dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa vkSj vius
vkfFkZd iks"k.k&vkèkkj osQ fy, oqQN {ks=k ij LokfeRo j[krs
gSaA vr% cLrh dh izfozQ;k esa ewy :i ls yksxksa osQ lewgu
vkSj muosQ lalkèku vkèkkj osQ :i esa {ks=k dk vkoaVu
lfEefyr gksrs gSaA
cfLr;k¡ vkdkj vkSj izdkj esa fHkUu gksrh gSaA mudk
ifjlj ,d iYyh ls ysdj egkuxj rd gksrk gSA vkdkj
osQ lkFk cfLr;ksa osQ vkfFkZd vfHky{k.k vkSj lkekftd
lajpuk cny tkrh gSa vkSj lkFk gh cny tkrs gSa ikfjfLFkfrdh
vkSj izkS|ksfxdhA cfLr;k¡ NksVh vkSj fojy :i ls ysdj
cM+h vkSj laoqQfyr vofLFkr gks ldrh gSaA fojy :i ls
vofLFkr NksVh cfLr;k¡] tks o`Qf"k vFkok vU; izkFkfed
fozQ;kdykiksa esa fof'k"Vrk izkIr dj ysrh gSa] xk¡o dgykrh
gSaA nwljh vksj de] foaQrq cM+s vfèkokl f}rh;d vkSj
r`rh;d fozQ;kdykiksa esa fo'ks"kho`Qr gksrs gSa tks bUgsa uxjh;
cfLr;k¡ dgk tkrk gSA xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh; cfLr;ksa esa
vkèkkjHkwr varj fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
• xzkeh.k cfLr;k¡ vius thou dk iks"k.k vFkok
vkèkkjHkwr vkfFkZd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ Hkwfe
vkèkkfjr izkFkfed vkfFkZd fozQ;kvksa ls djrh gSa
tcfd uxjh; cfLr;k¡ ,d vksj dPps eky osQ
izozQe.k vkSj rS;kj eky osQ fofuekZ.k rFkk nwljh
vksj fofHkUu izdkj dh lsokvksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA
• uxj vkfFkZd o`f¼ osQ uksM (node) osQ :i esa
dk;Z djrs gSa vkSj u osQoy uxj fuokfl;ksa dks
cfYd vius i'p Hkwfe dh xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa dks
Hkh Hkkstu vkSj dPps eky osQ cnys oLrq,¡ vkSj
lsok,¡ miyCèk djkrs gSaA uxjh; vkSj xzkeh.k
cfLr;ksa osQ chp izdk;kZRed lacaèk ifjogu vkSj
lapkj ifjiFk osQ ekè;e ls LFkkfir gksrk gSA
• xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh; cfLr;k¡ lkekftd lacaèkksa
vfHko`fÙk vkSj n`f"Vdks.k dh n`f"V ls Hkh fHkUu
gksrh gSaA xzkeh.k yksx de xfr'khy gksrs gSa vkSj
blfy, muesa lkekftd lacaèk ?kfu"B gksrs gSaA
nwljh vksj uxjh; {ks=kksa esa thou dk <ax tfVy
vkSj rhoz gksrk gS vkSj lkekftd lacaèk vkSipkfjd
gksrs gSaA
bdkbZ II II II II II
vè;k; 4
ekuo cfLr;k¡
Page 2


ekuo cLrh dk vFkZ gS fdlh Hkh izdkj vkSj vkdkj osQ ?kjksa
dk laoqQy ftuesa euq"; jgrs gSaA bl mís'; osQ fy, yksx
edkuksa vkSj vU; bekjrksa dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa vkSj vius
vkfFkZd iks"k.k&vkèkkj osQ fy, oqQN {ks=k ij LokfeRo j[krs
gSaA vr% cLrh dh izfozQ;k esa ewy :i ls yksxksa osQ lewgu
vkSj muosQ lalkèku vkèkkj osQ :i esa {ks=k dk vkoaVu
lfEefyr gksrs gSaA
cfLr;k¡ vkdkj vkSj izdkj esa fHkUu gksrh gSaA mudk
ifjlj ,d iYyh ls ysdj egkuxj rd gksrk gSA vkdkj
osQ lkFk cfLr;ksa osQ vkfFkZd vfHky{k.k vkSj lkekftd
lajpuk cny tkrh gSa vkSj lkFk gh cny tkrs gSa ikfjfLFkfrdh
vkSj izkS|ksfxdhA cfLr;k¡ NksVh vkSj fojy :i ls ysdj
cM+h vkSj laoqQfyr vofLFkr gks ldrh gSaA fojy :i ls
vofLFkr NksVh cfLr;k¡] tks o`Qf"k vFkok vU; izkFkfed
fozQ;kdykiksa esa fof'k"Vrk izkIr dj ysrh gSa] xk¡o dgykrh
gSaA nwljh vksj de] foaQrq cM+s vfèkokl f}rh;d vkSj
r`rh;d fozQ;kdykiksa esa fo'ks"kho`Qr gksrs gSa tks bUgsa uxjh;
cfLr;k¡ dgk tkrk gSA xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh; cfLr;ksa esa
vkèkkjHkwr varj fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
• xzkeh.k cfLr;k¡ vius thou dk iks"k.k vFkok
vkèkkjHkwr vkfFkZd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ Hkwfe
vkèkkfjr izkFkfed vkfFkZd fozQ;kvksa ls djrh gSa
tcfd uxjh; cfLr;k¡ ,d vksj dPps eky osQ
izozQe.k vkSj rS;kj eky osQ fofuekZ.k rFkk nwljh
vksj fofHkUu izdkj dh lsokvksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA
• uxj vkfFkZd o`f¼ osQ uksM (node) osQ :i esa
dk;Z djrs gSa vkSj u osQoy uxj fuokfl;ksa dks
cfYd vius i'p Hkwfe dh xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa dks
Hkh Hkkstu vkSj dPps eky osQ cnys oLrq,¡ vkSj
lsok,¡ miyCèk djkrs gSaA uxjh; vkSj xzkeh.k
cfLr;ksa osQ chp izdk;kZRed lacaèk ifjogu vkSj
lapkj ifjiFk osQ ekè;e ls LFkkfir gksrk gSA
• xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh; cfLr;k¡ lkekftd lacaèkksa
vfHko`fÙk vkSj n`f"Vdks.k dh n`f"V ls Hkh fHkUu
gksrh gSaA xzkeh.k yksx de xfr'khy gksrs gSa vkSj
blfy, muesa lkekftd lacaèk ?kfu"B gksrs gSaA
nwljh vksj uxjh; {ks=kksa esa thou dk <ax tfVy
vkSj rhoz gksrk gS vkSj lkekftd lacaèk vkSipkfjd
gksrs gSaA
bdkbZ II II II II II
vè;k; 4
ekuo cfLr;k¡
osQ cqansy[kaM izns'k vkSj ukxkySaM esaA jktLFkku esa ty osQ
vHkko esa miyCèk ty lalkèkuksa osQ vfèkdre mi;ksx us
lagr cfLr;ksa dks vfuok;Z cuk fn;k gSA
v/Z&xqfPNr cfLr;k¡ (Semi-clustered Settlements)
v/Z&xqfPNr vFkok fo[kafMr cfLr;k¡ ifjf{kIr cLrh osQ
fdlh lhfer {ks=k esa xqfPNr gksus dh izo`fÙk dk ifj.kke gSA
vfèkdrj ,slk izk:i fdlh cM+s lagr xk¡o osQ lai`Fkdu
vFkok fo[kaMu osQ ifj.kkeLo:i Hkh mRiUu gks ldrk gSA
,slh fLFkfr esa xzkeh.k lekt osQ ,d vFkok vfèkd oxZ
LosPNk ls vFkok cyiwoZd eq[; xqPN vFkok xk¡o ls FkksM+h
nwjh ij jgus yxrs gSaA ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa] vkerkSj ij ”kehankj
vkSj vU; izeq[k leqnk; eq[; xk¡o osQ osaQnzh; Hkkx ij
xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa osQ izdkj
cfLr;ksa osQ izdkj fufeZr {ks=k osQ foLrkj vkSj varokZl nwjh }kjk
fuèkkZfjr gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa oqQN lkS ?kjksa ls ;qDr lagr vFkok
xqfPNr xk¡o fo'ks"k :i ls mÙkjh eSnkuksa esa ,d lkoZf=kd
y{k.k gSA fIkQj Hkh vusd {ks=k ,sls gSa tgk¡ vU; izdkj dh
xzkeh.k cfLr;k¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa osQ fofHkUu
izdkjksa osQ fy, vusd dkjd vkSj n'kk,¡ mÙkjnk;h gSaA buosQ
varxZrµ (i) HkkSfrd y{k.k µ Hkw&Hkkx dh izo`Qfr] mQ¡pkbZ]
tyok;q vkSj ty dh miyCèkrk] (ii) lkaLo`Qfrd vkSj
ekuotkrh; dkjd & lkekftd lajpuk] tkfr vkSj èkeZ]
(iii) lqj{kk lacaèkh dkjd & pksfj;ksa vkSj MoSQfr;ksa ls lqj{kk
djrs gSaA c`gr~ rkSj ij Hkkjr dh xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa dks pkj
izdkjksa esa j[kk tk ldrk gS µ
• xqfPNr] laoqQfyr vFkok vkosaQfnzr
• vèkZ&xqfPNr vFkok fo[kafMr
• iYyho`Qr vkSj
• ifjf{kIr vFkok ,dkdh
xqfPNr cfLr;k¡ (Clustered Settlements)
xqfPNr xzkeh.k cLrh ?kjksa dk ,d lagr vFkok laoqQfyr :i
ls fufeZr {ks=k gksrk gSA bl izdkj osQ xk¡o esa jgu&lgu dk
lkekU; {ks=k Li"V vkSj pkjksa vksj iSQys [ksrksa] [kfygkuksa vkSj
pjkxkgksa ls i`Fkd gksrk gSA laoqQfyr fufeZr {ks=k vkSj bldh
eè;orhZ xfy;k¡ oqQN tkus&igpkus izk:i vFkok T;kferh;
vko`Qfr;k¡ izLrqr djrs gSa tSls fd vk;rkdkj] vjh;] jSf[kd
bR;kfnA ,slh cfLr;k¡ izk;% mitkmQ tyks<+ eSnkuksa vkSj
mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSA dbZ ckj yksx lqj{kk vFkok
izfrj{kk dkj.kksa ls lagr xk¡oksa esa jgrs gSa] tSls fd eè; Hkkjr
vkfèkiR; dj ysrs gSa tcfd lekt osQ fupys rcosQ osQ yksx
vkSj fuEu dk;ks± esa layXu yksx xk¡o osQ ckgjh fgLlksa esa clrs
gSaA ,slh cfLr;k¡ xqtjkr osQ eSnku vkSj jktLFkku osQ oqQN
Hkkxksa esa O;kid :i ls ikbZ tkrh gSaA
iYyh cfLr;k¡ (Hamleted Settlements)
dbZ ckj cLrh HkkSfrd :i ls ,d&nwljs ls i`Fkd vusd
bdkb;ksa esa c¡V tkrh gS foaQrq mu lcdk uke ,d jgrk gSA
bu bdkb;ksa dks ns'k osQ fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa LFkkuh; Lrj ij
ikUuk] ikM+k] ikyh] uxyk] <k¡.kh bR;kfn dgk tkrk gSA fdlh
fo'kky xk¡o dk ,slk [kaMhHkou izk;% lkekftd ,oa ekuotkrh;
dkjdksa }kjk vfHkizsfjr gksrk gSA ,sls xk¡o eè; vkSj fuEu xaxk
osQ eSnku] NÙkhlx<+ vkSj fgeky; dh fupyh ?kkfV;ksa esa
cgqrk;r esa ik, tkrs gSaA
fp=k 4-1 % mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa esa xqfPNr cfLr;k¡
fp=k 4-2 % v/Z&xqfPNr cfLr;k¡
     33 ekuo cfLr;k¡
Page 3


ekuo cLrh dk vFkZ gS fdlh Hkh izdkj vkSj vkdkj osQ ?kjksa
dk laoqQy ftuesa euq"; jgrs gSaA bl mís'; osQ fy, yksx
edkuksa vkSj vU; bekjrksa dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa vkSj vius
vkfFkZd iks"k.k&vkèkkj osQ fy, oqQN {ks=k ij LokfeRo j[krs
gSaA vr% cLrh dh izfozQ;k esa ewy :i ls yksxksa osQ lewgu
vkSj muosQ lalkèku vkèkkj osQ :i esa {ks=k dk vkoaVu
lfEefyr gksrs gSaA
cfLr;k¡ vkdkj vkSj izdkj esa fHkUu gksrh gSaA mudk
ifjlj ,d iYyh ls ysdj egkuxj rd gksrk gSA vkdkj
osQ lkFk cfLr;ksa osQ vkfFkZd vfHky{k.k vkSj lkekftd
lajpuk cny tkrh gSa vkSj lkFk gh cny tkrs gSa ikfjfLFkfrdh
vkSj izkS|ksfxdhA cfLr;k¡ NksVh vkSj fojy :i ls ysdj
cM+h vkSj laoqQfyr vofLFkr gks ldrh gSaA fojy :i ls
vofLFkr NksVh cfLr;k¡] tks o`Qf"k vFkok vU; izkFkfed
fozQ;kdykiksa esa fof'k"Vrk izkIr dj ysrh gSa] xk¡o dgykrh
gSaA nwljh vksj de] foaQrq cM+s vfèkokl f}rh;d vkSj
r`rh;d fozQ;kdykiksa esa fo'ks"kho`Qr gksrs gSa tks bUgsa uxjh;
cfLr;k¡ dgk tkrk gSA xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh; cfLr;ksa esa
vkèkkjHkwr varj fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
• xzkeh.k cfLr;k¡ vius thou dk iks"k.k vFkok
vkèkkjHkwr vkfFkZd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ Hkwfe
vkèkkfjr izkFkfed vkfFkZd fozQ;kvksa ls djrh gSa
tcfd uxjh; cfLr;k¡ ,d vksj dPps eky osQ
izozQe.k vkSj rS;kj eky osQ fofuekZ.k rFkk nwljh
vksj fofHkUu izdkj dh lsokvksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA
• uxj vkfFkZd o`f¼ osQ uksM (node) osQ :i esa
dk;Z djrs gSa vkSj u osQoy uxj fuokfl;ksa dks
cfYd vius i'p Hkwfe dh xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa dks
Hkh Hkkstu vkSj dPps eky osQ cnys oLrq,¡ vkSj
lsok,¡ miyCèk djkrs gSaA uxjh; vkSj xzkeh.k
cfLr;ksa osQ chp izdk;kZRed lacaèk ifjogu vkSj
lapkj ifjiFk osQ ekè;e ls LFkkfir gksrk gSA
• xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh; cfLr;k¡ lkekftd lacaèkksa
vfHko`fÙk vkSj n`f"Vdks.k dh n`f"V ls Hkh fHkUu
gksrh gSaA xzkeh.k yksx de xfr'khy gksrs gSa vkSj
blfy, muesa lkekftd lacaèk ?kfu"B gksrs gSaA
nwljh vksj uxjh; {ks=kksa esa thou dk <ax tfVy
vkSj rhoz gksrk gS vkSj lkekftd lacaèk vkSipkfjd
gksrs gSaA
bdkbZ II II II II II
vè;k; 4
ekuo cfLr;k¡
osQ cqansy[kaM izns'k vkSj ukxkySaM esaA jktLFkku esa ty osQ
vHkko esa miyCèk ty lalkèkuksa osQ vfèkdre mi;ksx us
lagr cfLr;ksa dks vfuok;Z cuk fn;k gSA
v/Z&xqfPNr cfLr;k¡ (Semi-clustered Settlements)
v/Z&xqfPNr vFkok fo[kafMr cfLr;k¡ ifjf{kIr cLrh osQ
fdlh lhfer {ks=k esa xqfPNr gksus dh izo`fÙk dk ifj.kke gSA
vfèkdrj ,slk izk:i fdlh cM+s lagr xk¡o osQ lai`Fkdu
vFkok fo[kaMu osQ ifj.kkeLo:i Hkh mRiUu gks ldrk gSA
,slh fLFkfr esa xzkeh.k lekt osQ ,d vFkok vfèkd oxZ
LosPNk ls vFkok cyiwoZd eq[; xqPN vFkok xk¡o ls FkksM+h
nwjh ij jgus yxrs gSaA ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa] vkerkSj ij ”kehankj
vkSj vU; izeq[k leqnk; eq[; xk¡o osQ osaQnzh; Hkkx ij
xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa osQ izdkj
cfLr;ksa osQ izdkj fufeZr {ks=k osQ foLrkj vkSj varokZl nwjh }kjk
fuèkkZfjr gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa oqQN lkS ?kjksa ls ;qDr lagr vFkok
xqfPNr xk¡o fo'ks"k :i ls mÙkjh eSnkuksa esa ,d lkoZf=kd
y{k.k gSA fIkQj Hkh vusd {ks=k ,sls gSa tgk¡ vU; izdkj dh
xzkeh.k cfLr;k¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa osQ fofHkUu
izdkjksa osQ fy, vusd dkjd vkSj n'kk,¡ mÙkjnk;h gSaA buosQ
varxZrµ (i) HkkSfrd y{k.k µ Hkw&Hkkx dh izo`Qfr] mQ¡pkbZ]
tyok;q vkSj ty dh miyCèkrk] (ii) lkaLo`Qfrd vkSj
ekuotkrh; dkjd & lkekftd lajpuk] tkfr vkSj èkeZ]
(iii) lqj{kk lacaèkh dkjd & pksfj;ksa vkSj MoSQfr;ksa ls lqj{kk
djrs gSaA c`gr~ rkSj ij Hkkjr dh xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa dks pkj
izdkjksa esa j[kk tk ldrk gS µ
• xqfPNr] laoqQfyr vFkok vkosaQfnzr
• vèkZ&xqfPNr vFkok fo[kafMr
• iYyho`Qr vkSj
• ifjf{kIr vFkok ,dkdh
xqfPNr cfLr;k¡ (Clustered Settlements)
xqfPNr xzkeh.k cLrh ?kjksa dk ,d lagr vFkok laoqQfyr :i
ls fufeZr {ks=k gksrk gSA bl izdkj osQ xk¡o esa jgu&lgu dk
lkekU; {ks=k Li"V vkSj pkjksa vksj iSQys [ksrksa] [kfygkuksa vkSj
pjkxkgksa ls i`Fkd gksrk gSA laoqQfyr fufeZr {ks=k vkSj bldh
eè;orhZ xfy;k¡ oqQN tkus&igpkus izk:i vFkok T;kferh;
vko`Qfr;k¡ izLrqr djrs gSa tSls fd vk;rkdkj] vjh;] jSf[kd
bR;kfnA ,slh cfLr;k¡ izk;% mitkmQ tyks<+ eSnkuksa vkSj
mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSA dbZ ckj yksx lqj{kk vFkok
izfrj{kk dkj.kksa ls lagr xk¡oksa esa jgrs gSa] tSls fd eè; Hkkjr
vkfèkiR; dj ysrs gSa tcfd lekt osQ fupys rcosQ osQ yksx
vkSj fuEu dk;ks± esa layXu yksx xk¡o osQ ckgjh fgLlksa esa clrs
gSaA ,slh cfLr;k¡ xqtjkr osQ eSnku vkSj jktLFkku osQ oqQN
Hkkxksa esa O;kid :i ls ikbZ tkrh gSaA
iYyh cfLr;k¡ (Hamleted Settlements)
dbZ ckj cLrh HkkSfrd :i ls ,d&nwljs ls i`Fkd vusd
bdkb;ksa esa c¡V tkrh gS foaQrq mu lcdk uke ,d jgrk gSA
bu bdkb;ksa dks ns'k osQ fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa LFkkuh; Lrj ij
ikUuk] ikM+k] ikyh] uxyk] <k¡.kh bR;kfn dgk tkrk gSA fdlh
fo'kky xk¡o dk ,slk [kaMhHkou izk;% lkekftd ,oa ekuotkrh;
dkjdksa }kjk vfHkizsfjr gksrk gSA ,sls xk¡o eè; vkSj fuEu xaxk
osQ eSnku] NÙkhlx<+ vkSj fgeky; dh fupyh ?kkfV;ksa esa
cgqrk;r esa ik, tkrs gSaA
fp=k 4-1 % mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa esa xqfPNr cfLr;k¡
fp=k 4-2 % v/Z&xqfPNr cfLr;k¡
     33 ekuo cfLr;k¡ 34 Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
;wjksfi;ksa osQ Hkkjr vkus rd vkofèkd mrkj&p<+koksa ls Hkjk
jgkA fofHkUu ;qxksa esa muosQ fodkl osQ vkèkkj ij Hkkjrh;
uxjksa dks bl izdkj oxhZo`Qr fd;k tk ldrk gSµ
• izkphu uxj]  • eè;dkyhu uxj] vkSj  • vkèkqfud uxjA
izkphu uxj
Hkkjr esa 2000 ls vfèkd o"kks± dh ,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe okys
vusd uxj gSaA buesa ls vfèkdka'k dk fodkl èkkfeZd vFkok
lkaLo`Qfrd osaQnzksa osQ :i esa gqvk gSA okjk.klh buesa ls lokZfèkd
egÙoiw.kZ uxj gSaA iz;kx (bykgkckn)] ikVfyiq=k (iVuk)]
enqjbZ ns'k esa izkphu uxjksa osQ oqQN vU; mnkgj.k gSaA
eè;dkyhu uxj
orZeku osQ yxHkx 100 uxjksa dk bfrgkl eè;dky ls tqM+k
gSA buesa ls vfèkdka'k dk fodkl jtokM+ksa vkSj jkT;ksa osQ
eq[;ky;ksa osQ :i esa gqvkA ;s fdyk uxj gSa ftudk fuekZ.k
izkphu uxjksa osQ [kaMgjksa ij gqvk gSA ,sls uxjksa esa fnYyh]
gSnjkckn] t;iqj] y[kumQ] vkxjk vkSj ukxiqj egÙoiw.kZ gSaA
vkèkqfud uxj
vaxzs”kksa vkSj vU; ;wjksfi;ksa us Hkkjr esa vusd uxjksa dk fodkl
fd;kA rVh; LFkkuksa ij vius iSj tekrs gq, mUgksaus loZizFke
lwjr] neu] xksvk] ikafMpsjh bR;kfn tSls O;kikfjd iÙku
ifjf{kIr cfLr;k¡ (Dispersed Settlements)
Hkkjr esa ifjf{kIr vFkok ,dkdh cLrh izk:i lqnwj taxyksa esa
,dkdh >ksaifM+;ksa vFkok oqQN >ksaifM+;ksa dh iYyh vFkok
NksVh igkfM+;ksa dh <kyksa ij [ksrksa vFkok pjkxkgksa osQ :i esa
fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA cLrh dk pje fo{ksi.k izk;% Hkw&Hkkx vkSj
fodflr fd,A vaxzs”kksa us ckn esa rhu eq[; uksMksa eqacbZ
(cacbZ)] psUubZ (enzkl) vkSj dksydkrk (dydÙkk) ij
viuh idM+ e”kcwr dh vkSj mudk vaxzs”kh 'kSyh esa fuekZ.k
fuokl ;ksX; {ks=kksa osQ Hkwfe lalkèku vkèkkj dh vR;fèkd
fo[kafMr izo`Qfr osQ dkj.k gksrk gSA es?kky;] mÙkjkapy]
fgekpy izns'k vkSj osQjy osQ vusd Hkkxksa esa cLrh dk ;g
izdkj ik;k tkrk gSA
uxjh; cfLr;k¡
xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa osQ foijhr uxjh; cfLr;k¡ lkekU;r% lagr
vkSj fo'kky vkdkj dh gksrh gSaA ;s cfLr;k¡ vusd izdkj osQ
vo`Qf"k] vkfFkZd vkSj iz'kkldh; izdk;ks± esa layXu gksrh gSaA
tSlk fd igys mYys[k fd;k x;k gS uxj vius pkjksa vksj osQ
{ks=kksa ls izdk;kZRed :i esa tqM+k gqvk gksrk gSA vr% oLrqvksa
vkSj lsokvksa dk fofue; dbZ ckj izR;{k :i ls vkSj dbZ ckj
eaMh 'kgjksa vkSj uxjksa dh  Ük`a[kyk osQ ekè;e ls laiUu gksrk
gSA bl izdkj uxj xk¡oksa ls izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k nksuksa izdkj
ls tqM+s gksrs gSa vkSj os ijLij Hkh tqM+s gq, gksrs gSaA vki
^ekuo Hkwxksy osQ ewyHkwr fl¼kar* uked iqLrd osQ vè;k;
10 esa uxjksa dh ifjHkk"kk ns[k ldrs gSaA
Hkkjr esa uxjksa dk fodkl
Hkkjr esa uxjksa dk vH;qn; izkxSfrgkfld dky ls gqvk gSA
;gk¡ rd fd flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk osQ ;qx esa Hkh gM+Iik vkSj
eksgutksnM+ks tSls uxj vfLrRo esa FksA blosQ ckn dk le;
uxjksa osQ fodkl dk lk{kh gSA ;g le; 18oha 'krkCnh esa
fp=k 4-3 % ukxkySaM esa ifjf{kIr cfLr;k¡
fp=k 4-4 % vk/qfud 'kgj dk ,d n`';
Page 4


ekuo cLrh dk vFkZ gS fdlh Hkh izdkj vkSj vkdkj osQ ?kjksa
dk laoqQy ftuesa euq"; jgrs gSaA bl mís'; osQ fy, yksx
edkuksa vkSj vU; bekjrksa dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa vkSj vius
vkfFkZd iks"k.k&vkèkkj osQ fy, oqQN {ks=k ij LokfeRo j[krs
gSaA vr% cLrh dh izfozQ;k esa ewy :i ls yksxksa osQ lewgu
vkSj muosQ lalkèku vkèkkj osQ :i esa {ks=k dk vkoaVu
lfEefyr gksrs gSaA
cfLr;k¡ vkdkj vkSj izdkj esa fHkUu gksrh gSaA mudk
ifjlj ,d iYyh ls ysdj egkuxj rd gksrk gSA vkdkj
osQ lkFk cfLr;ksa osQ vkfFkZd vfHky{k.k vkSj lkekftd
lajpuk cny tkrh gSa vkSj lkFk gh cny tkrs gSa ikfjfLFkfrdh
vkSj izkS|ksfxdhA cfLr;k¡ NksVh vkSj fojy :i ls ysdj
cM+h vkSj laoqQfyr vofLFkr gks ldrh gSaA fojy :i ls
vofLFkr NksVh cfLr;k¡] tks o`Qf"k vFkok vU; izkFkfed
fozQ;kdykiksa esa fof'k"Vrk izkIr dj ysrh gSa] xk¡o dgykrh
gSaA nwljh vksj de] foaQrq cM+s vfèkokl f}rh;d vkSj
r`rh;d fozQ;kdykiksa esa fo'ks"kho`Qr gksrs gSa tks bUgsa uxjh;
cfLr;k¡ dgk tkrk gSA xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh; cfLr;ksa esa
vkèkkjHkwr varj fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
• xzkeh.k cfLr;k¡ vius thou dk iks"k.k vFkok
vkèkkjHkwr vkfFkZd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ Hkwfe
vkèkkfjr izkFkfed vkfFkZd fozQ;kvksa ls djrh gSa
tcfd uxjh; cfLr;k¡ ,d vksj dPps eky osQ
izozQe.k vkSj rS;kj eky osQ fofuekZ.k rFkk nwljh
vksj fofHkUu izdkj dh lsokvksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA
• uxj vkfFkZd o`f¼ osQ uksM (node) osQ :i esa
dk;Z djrs gSa vkSj u osQoy uxj fuokfl;ksa dks
cfYd vius i'p Hkwfe dh xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa dks
Hkh Hkkstu vkSj dPps eky osQ cnys oLrq,¡ vkSj
lsok,¡ miyCèk djkrs gSaA uxjh; vkSj xzkeh.k
cfLr;ksa osQ chp izdk;kZRed lacaèk ifjogu vkSj
lapkj ifjiFk osQ ekè;e ls LFkkfir gksrk gSA
• xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh; cfLr;k¡ lkekftd lacaèkksa
vfHko`fÙk vkSj n`f"Vdks.k dh n`f"V ls Hkh fHkUu
gksrh gSaA xzkeh.k yksx de xfr'khy gksrs gSa vkSj
blfy, muesa lkekftd lacaèk ?kfu"B gksrs gSaA
nwljh vksj uxjh; {ks=kksa esa thou dk <ax tfVy
vkSj rhoz gksrk gS vkSj lkekftd lacaèk vkSipkfjd
gksrs gSaA
bdkbZ II II II II II
vè;k; 4
ekuo cfLr;k¡
osQ cqansy[kaM izns'k vkSj ukxkySaM esaA jktLFkku esa ty osQ
vHkko esa miyCèk ty lalkèkuksa osQ vfèkdre mi;ksx us
lagr cfLr;ksa dks vfuok;Z cuk fn;k gSA
v/Z&xqfPNr cfLr;k¡ (Semi-clustered Settlements)
v/Z&xqfPNr vFkok fo[kafMr cfLr;k¡ ifjf{kIr cLrh osQ
fdlh lhfer {ks=k esa xqfPNr gksus dh izo`fÙk dk ifj.kke gSA
vfèkdrj ,slk izk:i fdlh cM+s lagr xk¡o osQ lai`Fkdu
vFkok fo[kaMu osQ ifj.kkeLo:i Hkh mRiUu gks ldrk gSA
,slh fLFkfr esa xzkeh.k lekt osQ ,d vFkok vfèkd oxZ
LosPNk ls vFkok cyiwoZd eq[; xqPN vFkok xk¡o ls FkksM+h
nwjh ij jgus yxrs gSaA ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa] vkerkSj ij ”kehankj
vkSj vU; izeq[k leqnk; eq[; xk¡o osQ osaQnzh; Hkkx ij
xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa osQ izdkj
cfLr;ksa osQ izdkj fufeZr {ks=k osQ foLrkj vkSj varokZl nwjh }kjk
fuèkkZfjr gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa oqQN lkS ?kjksa ls ;qDr lagr vFkok
xqfPNr xk¡o fo'ks"k :i ls mÙkjh eSnkuksa esa ,d lkoZf=kd
y{k.k gSA fIkQj Hkh vusd {ks=k ,sls gSa tgk¡ vU; izdkj dh
xzkeh.k cfLr;k¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa osQ fofHkUu
izdkjksa osQ fy, vusd dkjd vkSj n'kk,¡ mÙkjnk;h gSaA buosQ
varxZrµ (i) HkkSfrd y{k.k µ Hkw&Hkkx dh izo`Qfr] mQ¡pkbZ]
tyok;q vkSj ty dh miyCèkrk] (ii) lkaLo`Qfrd vkSj
ekuotkrh; dkjd & lkekftd lajpuk] tkfr vkSj èkeZ]
(iii) lqj{kk lacaèkh dkjd & pksfj;ksa vkSj MoSQfr;ksa ls lqj{kk
djrs gSaA c`gr~ rkSj ij Hkkjr dh xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa dks pkj
izdkjksa esa j[kk tk ldrk gS µ
• xqfPNr] laoqQfyr vFkok vkosaQfnzr
• vèkZ&xqfPNr vFkok fo[kafMr
• iYyho`Qr vkSj
• ifjf{kIr vFkok ,dkdh
xqfPNr cfLr;k¡ (Clustered Settlements)
xqfPNr xzkeh.k cLrh ?kjksa dk ,d lagr vFkok laoqQfyr :i
ls fufeZr {ks=k gksrk gSA bl izdkj osQ xk¡o esa jgu&lgu dk
lkekU; {ks=k Li"V vkSj pkjksa vksj iSQys [ksrksa] [kfygkuksa vkSj
pjkxkgksa ls i`Fkd gksrk gSA laoqQfyr fufeZr {ks=k vkSj bldh
eè;orhZ xfy;k¡ oqQN tkus&igpkus izk:i vFkok T;kferh;
vko`Qfr;k¡ izLrqr djrs gSa tSls fd vk;rkdkj] vjh;] jSf[kd
bR;kfnA ,slh cfLr;k¡ izk;% mitkmQ tyks<+ eSnkuksa vkSj
mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSA dbZ ckj yksx lqj{kk vFkok
izfrj{kk dkj.kksa ls lagr xk¡oksa esa jgrs gSa] tSls fd eè; Hkkjr
vkfèkiR; dj ysrs gSa tcfd lekt osQ fupys rcosQ osQ yksx
vkSj fuEu dk;ks± esa layXu yksx xk¡o osQ ckgjh fgLlksa esa clrs
gSaA ,slh cfLr;k¡ xqtjkr osQ eSnku vkSj jktLFkku osQ oqQN
Hkkxksa esa O;kid :i ls ikbZ tkrh gSaA
iYyh cfLr;k¡ (Hamleted Settlements)
dbZ ckj cLrh HkkSfrd :i ls ,d&nwljs ls i`Fkd vusd
bdkb;ksa esa c¡V tkrh gS foaQrq mu lcdk uke ,d jgrk gSA
bu bdkb;ksa dks ns'k osQ fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa LFkkuh; Lrj ij
ikUuk] ikM+k] ikyh] uxyk] <k¡.kh bR;kfn dgk tkrk gSA fdlh
fo'kky xk¡o dk ,slk [kaMhHkou izk;% lkekftd ,oa ekuotkrh;
dkjdksa }kjk vfHkizsfjr gksrk gSA ,sls xk¡o eè; vkSj fuEu xaxk
osQ eSnku] NÙkhlx<+ vkSj fgeky; dh fupyh ?kkfV;ksa esa
cgqrk;r esa ik, tkrs gSaA
fp=k 4-1 % mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa esa xqfPNr cfLr;k¡
fp=k 4-2 % v/Z&xqfPNr cfLr;k¡
     33 ekuo cfLr;k¡ 34 Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
;wjksfi;ksa osQ Hkkjr vkus rd vkofèkd mrkj&p<+koksa ls Hkjk
jgkA fofHkUu ;qxksa esa muosQ fodkl osQ vkèkkj ij Hkkjrh;
uxjksa dks bl izdkj oxhZo`Qr fd;k tk ldrk gSµ
• izkphu uxj]  • eè;dkyhu uxj] vkSj  • vkèkqfud uxjA
izkphu uxj
Hkkjr esa 2000 ls vfèkd o"kks± dh ,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe okys
vusd uxj gSaA buesa ls vfèkdka'k dk fodkl èkkfeZd vFkok
lkaLo`Qfrd osaQnzksa osQ :i esa gqvk gSA okjk.klh buesa ls lokZfèkd
egÙoiw.kZ uxj gSaA iz;kx (bykgkckn)] ikVfyiq=k (iVuk)]
enqjbZ ns'k esa izkphu uxjksa osQ oqQN vU; mnkgj.k gSaA
eè;dkyhu uxj
orZeku osQ yxHkx 100 uxjksa dk bfrgkl eè;dky ls tqM+k
gSA buesa ls vfèkdka'k dk fodkl jtokM+ksa vkSj jkT;ksa osQ
eq[;ky;ksa osQ :i esa gqvkA ;s fdyk uxj gSa ftudk fuekZ.k
izkphu uxjksa osQ [kaMgjksa ij gqvk gSA ,sls uxjksa esa fnYyh]
gSnjkckn] t;iqj] y[kumQ] vkxjk vkSj ukxiqj egÙoiw.kZ gSaA
vkèkqfud uxj
vaxzs”kksa vkSj vU; ;wjksfi;ksa us Hkkjr esa vusd uxjksa dk fodkl
fd;kA rVh; LFkkuksa ij vius iSj tekrs gq, mUgksaus loZizFke
lwjr] neu] xksvk] ikafMpsjh bR;kfn tSls O;kikfjd iÙku
ifjf{kIr cfLr;k¡ (Dispersed Settlements)
Hkkjr esa ifjf{kIr vFkok ,dkdh cLrh izk:i lqnwj taxyksa esa
,dkdh >ksaifM+;ksa vFkok oqQN >ksaifM+;ksa dh iYyh vFkok
NksVh igkfM+;ksa dh <kyksa ij [ksrksa vFkok pjkxkgksa osQ :i esa
fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA cLrh dk pje fo{ksi.k izk;% Hkw&Hkkx vkSj
fodflr fd,A vaxzs”kksa us ckn esa rhu eq[; uksMksa eqacbZ
(cacbZ)] psUubZ (enzkl) vkSj dksydkrk (dydÙkk) ij
viuh idM+ e”kcwr dh vkSj mudk vaxzs”kh 'kSyh esa fuekZ.k
fuokl ;ksX; {ks=kksa osQ Hkwfe lalkèku vkèkkj dh vR;fèkd
fo[kafMr izo`Qfr osQ dkj.k gksrk gSA es?kky;] mÙkjkapy]
fgekpy izns'k vkSj osQjy osQ vusd Hkkxksa esa cLrh dk ;g
izdkj ik;k tkrk gSA
uxjh; cfLr;k¡
xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa osQ foijhr uxjh; cfLr;k¡ lkekU;r% lagr
vkSj fo'kky vkdkj dh gksrh gSaA ;s cfLr;k¡ vusd izdkj osQ
vo`Qf"k] vkfFkZd vkSj iz'kkldh; izdk;ks± esa layXu gksrh gSaA
tSlk fd igys mYys[k fd;k x;k gS uxj vius pkjksa vksj osQ
{ks=kksa ls izdk;kZRed :i esa tqM+k gqvk gksrk gSA vr% oLrqvksa
vkSj lsokvksa dk fofue; dbZ ckj izR;{k :i ls vkSj dbZ ckj
eaMh 'kgjksa vkSj uxjksa dh  Ük`a[kyk osQ ekè;e ls laiUu gksrk
gSA bl izdkj uxj xk¡oksa ls izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k nksuksa izdkj
ls tqM+s gksrs gSa vkSj os ijLij Hkh tqM+s gq, gksrs gSaA vki
^ekuo Hkwxksy osQ ewyHkwr fl¼kar* uked iqLrd osQ vè;k;
10 esa uxjksa dh ifjHkk"kk ns[k ldrs gSaA
Hkkjr esa uxjksa dk fodkl
Hkkjr esa uxjksa dk vH;qn; izkxSfrgkfld dky ls gqvk gSA
;gk¡ rd fd flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk osQ ;qx esa Hkh gM+Iik vkSj
eksgutksnM+ks tSls uxj vfLrRo esa FksA blosQ ckn dk le;
uxjksa osQ fodkl dk lk{kh gSA ;g le; 18oha 'krkCnh esa
fp=k 4-3 % ukxkySaM esa ifjf{kIr cfLr;k¡
fp=k 4-4 % vk/qfud 'kgj dk ,d n`';
     35 ekuo cfLr;k¡
fp=k 4-5 % Hkkjr µ egkuxjh; 'kgj] 2001
Page 5


ekuo cLrh dk vFkZ gS fdlh Hkh izdkj vkSj vkdkj osQ ?kjksa
dk laoqQy ftuesa euq"; jgrs gSaA bl mís'; osQ fy, yksx
edkuksa vkSj vU; bekjrksa dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa vkSj vius
vkfFkZd iks"k.k&vkèkkj osQ fy, oqQN {ks=k ij LokfeRo j[krs
gSaA vr% cLrh dh izfozQ;k esa ewy :i ls yksxksa osQ lewgu
vkSj muosQ lalkèku vkèkkj osQ :i esa {ks=k dk vkoaVu
lfEefyr gksrs gSaA
cfLr;k¡ vkdkj vkSj izdkj esa fHkUu gksrh gSaA mudk
ifjlj ,d iYyh ls ysdj egkuxj rd gksrk gSA vkdkj
osQ lkFk cfLr;ksa osQ vkfFkZd vfHky{k.k vkSj lkekftd
lajpuk cny tkrh gSa vkSj lkFk gh cny tkrs gSa ikfjfLFkfrdh
vkSj izkS|ksfxdhA cfLr;k¡ NksVh vkSj fojy :i ls ysdj
cM+h vkSj laoqQfyr vofLFkr gks ldrh gSaA fojy :i ls
vofLFkr NksVh cfLr;k¡] tks o`Qf"k vFkok vU; izkFkfed
fozQ;kdykiksa esa fof'k"Vrk izkIr dj ysrh gSa] xk¡o dgykrh
gSaA nwljh vksj de] foaQrq cM+s vfèkokl f}rh;d vkSj
r`rh;d fozQ;kdykiksa esa fo'ks"kho`Qr gksrs gSa tks bUgsa uxjh;
cfLr;k¡ dgk tkrk gSA xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh; cfLr;ksa esa
vkèkkjHkwr varj fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
• xzkeh.k cfLr;k¡ vius thou dk iks"k.k vFkok
vkèkkjHkwr vkfFkZd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ Hkwfe
vkèkkfjr izkFkfed vkfFkZd fozQ;kvksa ls djrh gSa
tcfd uxjh; cfLr;k¡ ,d vksj dPps eky osQ
izozQe.k vkSj rS;kj eky osQ fofuekZ.k rFkk nwljh
vksj fofHkUu izdkj dh lsokvksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA
• uxj vkfFkZd o`f¼ osQ uksM (node) osQ :i esa
dk;Z djrs gSa vkSj u osQoy uxj fuokfl;ksa dks
cfYd vius i'p Hkwfe dh xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa dks
Hkh Hkkstu vkSj dPps eky osQ cnys oLrq,¡ vkSj
lsok,¡ miyCèk djkrs gSaA uxjh; vkSj xzkeh.k
cfLr;ksa osQ chp izdk;kZRed lacaèk ifjogu vkSj
lapkj ifjiFk osQ ekè;e ls LFkkfir gksrk gSA
• xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh; cfLr;k¡ lkekftd lacaèkksa
vfHko`fÙk vkSj n`f"Vdks.k dh n`f"V ls Hkh fHkUu
gksrh gSaA xzkeh.k yksx de xfr'khy gksrs gSa vkSj
blfy, muesa lkekftd lacaèk ?kfu"B gksrs gSaA
nwljh vksj uxjh; {ks=kksa esa thou dk <ax tfVy
vkSj rhoz gksrk gS vkSj lkekftd lacaèk vkSipkfjd
gksrs gSaA
bdkbZ II II II II II
vè;k; 4
ekuo cfLr;k¡
osQ cqansy[kaM izns'k vkSj ukxkySaM esaA jktLFkku esa ty osQ
vHkko esa miyCèk ty lalkèkuksa osQ vfèkdre mi;ksx us
lagr cfLr;ksa dks vfuok;Z cuk fn;k gSA
v/Z&xqfPNr cfLr;k¡ (Semi-clustered Settlements)
v/Z&xqfPNr vFkok fo[kafMr cfLr;k¡ ifjf{kIr cLrh osQ
fdlh lhfer {ks=k esa xqfPNr gksus dh izo`fÙk dk ifj.kke gSA
vfèkdrj ,slk izk:i fdlh cM+s lagr xk¡o osQ lai`Fkdu
vFkok fo[kaMu osQ ifj.kkeLo:i Hkh mRiUu gks ldrk gSA
,slh fLFkfr esa xzkeh.k lekt osQ ,d vFkok vfèkd oxZ
LosPNk ls vFkok cyiwoZd eq[; xqPN vFkok xk¡o ls FkksM+h
nwjh ij jgus yxrs gSaA ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa] vkerkSj ij ”kehankj
vkSj vU; izeq[k leqnk; eq[; xk¡o osQ osaQnzh; Hkkx ij
xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa osQ izdkj
cfLr;ksa osQ izdkj fufeZr {ks=k osQ foLrkj vkSj varokZl nwjh }kjk
fuèkkZfjr gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa oqQN lkS ?kjksa ls ;qDr lagr vFkok
xqfPNr xk¡o fo'ks"k :i ls mÙkjh eSnkuksa esa ,d lkoZf=kd
y{k.k gSA fIkQj Hkh vusd {ks=k ,sls gSa tgk¡ vU; izdkj dh
xzkeh.k cfLr;k¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa osQ fofHkUu
izdkjksa osQ fy, vusd dkjd vkSj n'kk,¡ mÙkjnk;h gSaA buosQ
varxZrµ (i) HkkSfrd y{k.k µ Hkw&Hkkx dh izo`Qfr] mQ¡pkbZ]
tyok;q vkSj ty dh miyCèkrk] (ii) lkaLo`Qfrd vkSj
ekuotkrh; dkjd & lkekftd lajpuk] tkfr vkSj èkeZ]
(iii) lqj{kk lacaèkh dkjd & pksfj;ksa vkSj MoSQfr;ksa ls lqj{kk
djrs gSaA c`gr~ rkSj ij Hkkjr dh xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa dks pkj
izdkjksa esa j[kk tk ldrk gS µ
• xqfPNr] laoqQfyr vFkok vkosaQfnzr
• vèkZ&xqfPNr vFkok fo[kafMr
• iYyho`Qr vkSj
• ifjf{kIr vFkok ,dkdh
xqfPNr cfLr;k¡ (Clustered Settlements)
xqfPNr xzkeh.k cLrh ?kjksa dk ,d lagr vFkok laoqQfyr :i
ls fufeZr {ks=k gksrk gSA bl izdkj osQ xk¡o esa jgu&lgu dk
lkekU; {ks=k Li"V vkSj pkjksa vksj iSQys [ksrksa] [kfygkuksa vkSj
pjkxkgksa ls i`Fkd gksrk gSA laoqQfyr fufeZr {ks=k vkSj bldh
eè;orhZ xfy;k¡ oqQN tkus&igpkus izk:i vFkok T;kferh;
vko`Qfr;k¡ izLrqr djrs gSa tSls fd vk;rkdkj] vjh;] jSf[kd
bR;kfnA ,slh cfLr;k¡ izk;% mitkmQ tyks<+ eSnkuksa vkSj
mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSA dbZ ckj yksx lqj{kk vFkok
izfrj{kk dkj.kksa ls lagr xk¡oksa esa jgrs gSa] tSls fd eè; Hkkjr
vkfèkiR; dj ysrs gSa tcfd lekt osQ fupys rcosQ osQ yksx
vkSj fuEu dk;ks± esa layXu yksx xk¡o osQ ckgjh fgLlksa esa clrs
gSaA ,slh cfLr;k¡ xqtjkr osQ eSnku vkSj jktLFkku osQ oqQN
Hkkxksa esa O;kid :i ls ikbZ tkrh gSaA
iYyh cfLr;k¡ (Hamleted Settlements)
dbZ ckj cLrh HkkSfrd :i ls ,d&nwljs ls i`Fkd vusd
bdkb;ksa esa c¡V tkrh gS foaQrq mu lcdk uke ,d jgrk gSA
bu bdkb;ksa dks ns'k osQ fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa LFkkuh; Lrj ij
ikUuk] ikM+k] ikyh] uxyk] <k¡.kh bR;kfn dgk tkrk gSA fdlh
fo'kky xk¡o dk ,slk [kaMhHkou izk;% lkekftd ,oa ekuotkrh;
dkjdksa }kjk vfHkizsfjr gksrk gSA ,sls xk¡o eè; vkSj fuEu xaxk
osQ eSnku] NÙkhlx<+ vkSj fgeky; dh fupyh ?kkfV;ksa esa
cgqrk;r esa ik, tkrs gSaA
fp=k 4-1 % mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa esa xqfPNr cfLr;k¡
fp=k 4-2 % v/Z&xqfPNr cfLr;k¡
     33 ekuo cfLr;k¡ 34 Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
;wjksfi;ksa osQ Hkkjr vkus rd vkofèkd mrkj&p<+koksa ls Hkjk
jgkA fofHkUu ;qxksa esa muosQ fodkl osQ vkèkkj ij Hkkjrh;
uxjksa dks bl izdkj oxhZo`Qr fd;k tk ldrk gSµ
• izkphu uxj]  • eè;dkyhu uxj] vkSj  • vkèkqfud uxjA
izkphu uxj
Hkkjr esa 2000 ls vfèkd o"kks± dh ,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe okys
vusd uxj gSaA buesa ls vfèkdka'k dk fodkl èkkfeZd vFkok
lkaLo`Qfrd osaQnzksa osQ :i esa gqvk gSA okjk.klh buesa ls lokZfèkd
egÙoiw.kZ uxj gSaA iz;kx (bykgkckn)] ikVfyiq=k (iVuk)]
enqjbZ ns'k esa izkphu uxjksa osQ oqQN vU; mnkgj.k gSaA
eè;dkyhu uxj
orZeku osQ yxHkx 100 uxjksa dk bfrgkl eè;dky ls tqM+k
gSA buesa ls vfèkdka'k dk fodkl jtokM+ksa vkSj jkT;ksa osQ
eq[;ky;ksa osQ :i esa gqvkA ;s fdyk uxj gSa ftudk fuekZ.k
izkphu uxjksa osQ [kaMgjksa ij gqvk gSA ,sls uxjksa esa fnYyh]
gSnjkckn] t;iqj] y[kumQ] vkxjk vkSj ukxiqj egÙoiw.kZ gSaA
vkèkqfud uxj
vaxzs”kksa vkSj vU; ;wjksfi;ksa us Hkkjr esa vusd uxjksa dk fodkl
fd;kA rVh; LFkkuksa ij vius iSj tekrs gq, mUgksaus loZizFke
lwjr] neu] xksvk] ikafMpsjh bR;kfn tSls O;kikfjd iÙku
ifjf{kIr cfLr;k¡ (Dispersed Settlements)
Hkkjr esa ifjf{kIr vFkok ,dkdh cLrh izk:i lqnwj taxyksa esa
,dkdh >ksaifM+;ksa vFkok oqQN >ksaifM+;ksa dh iYyh vFkok
NksVh igkfM+;ksa dh <kyksa ij [ksrksa vFkok pjkxkgksa osQ :i esa
fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA cLrh dk pje fo{ksi.k izk;% Hkw&Hkkx vkSj
fodflr fd,A vaxzs”kksa us ckn esa rhu eq[; uksMksa eqacbZ
(cacbZ)] psUubZ (enzkl) vkSj dksydkrk (dydÙkk) ij
viuh idM+ e”kcwr dh vkSj mudk vaxzs”kh 'kSyh esa fuekZ.k
fuokl ;ksX; {ks=kksa osQ Hkwfe lalkèku vkèkkj dh vR;fèkd
fo[kafMr izo`Qfr osQ dkj.k gksrk gSA es?kky;] mÙkjkapy]
fgekpy izns'k vkSj osQjy osQ vusd Hkkxksa esa cLrh dk ;g
izdkj ik;k tkrk gSA
uxjh; cfLr;k¡
xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa osQ foijhr uxjh; cfLr;k¡ lkekU;r% lagr
vkSj fo'kky vkdkj dh gksrh gSaA ;s cfLr;k¡ vusd izdkj osQ
vo`Qf"k] vkfFkZd vkSj iz'kkldh; izdk;ks± esa layXu gksrh gSaA
tSlk fd igys mYys[k fd;k x;k gS uxj vius pkjksa vksj osQ
{ks=kksa ls izdk;kZRed :i esa tqM+k gqvk gksrk gSA vr% oLrqvksa
vkSj lsokvksa dk fofue; dbZ ckj izR;{k :i ls vkSj dbZ ckj
eaMh 'kgjksa vkSj uxjksa dh  Ük`a[kyk osQ ekè;e ls laiUu gksrk
gSA bl izdkj uxj xk¡oksa ls izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k nksuksa izdkj
ls tqM+s gksrs gSa vkSj os ijLij Hkh tqM+s gq, gksrs gSaA vki
^ekuo Hkwxksy osQ ewyHkwr fl¼kar* uked iqLrd osQ vè;k;
10 esa uxjksa dh ifjHkk"kk ns[k ldrs gSaA
Hkkjr esa uxjksa dk fodkl
Hkkjr esa uxjksa dk vH;qn; izkxSfrgkfld dky ls gqvk gSA
;gk¡ rd fd flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk osQ ;qx esa Hkh gM+Iik vkSj
eksgutksnM+ks tSls uxj vfLrRo esa FksA blosQ ckn dk le;
uxjksa osQ fodkl dk lk{kh gSA ;g le; 18oha 'krkCnh esa
fp=k 4-3 % ukxkySaM esa ifjf{kIr cfLr;k¡
fp=k 4-4 % vk/qfud 'kgj dk ,d n`';
     35 ekuo cfLr;k¡
fp=k 4-5 % Hkkjr µ egkuxjh; 'kgj] 2001
36 Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
fd;kA viuh izHkkfork dks izR;{k :i ls vFkok jtokM+ksa ij
fu;a=k.k osQ ekè;e ls rs”kh ls c<+krs gq, mUgksaus iz'kklfud
osaQnzksa] xzh"edkyhu foJke LFkyksa osQ :i esa ioZrh; uxjksa dks
LFkkfir fd;k vkSj muesa flfoy] iz'kklfud vkSj lSU; {ks=kksa
dks tksM+kA 1850 osQ ckn vkèkqfud m|ksxksa ij vkèkkfjr uxjksa
dk Hkh tUe gqvkA te'ksniqj bldk ,d mnkgj.k gSA
Lora=krk izkfIr osQ i'pkr~] vusd uxj iz'kklfud
osaQnzksa] tSlsµ paMhx<+] Hkqous'oj] xkaèkhuxj] fnliqj bR;kfn
vkSj vkS|ksfxd osaQnzksa tSls nqxkZiqj] fHkykbZ] flanjh] cjkSuh osQ
:i esa fodflr gq,A oqQN iqjkus uxj egkuxjksa osQ pkjksa vksj
vuq"kaxh uxjksa osQ :i esa fodflr gq, tSls fnYyh osQ pkjksa
vksj xkf”k;kckn] jksgrd vkSj xqM+xk¡o bR;kfnA xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa
c<+rs fuos'k osQ lkFk iwjs ns'k esa cM+h la[;k esa eè;e vkSj
NksVs uxjksa dk fodkl gqvk gSA
Hkkjr esa uxjhdj.k
uxjhdj.k osQ Lrj dk eki oqQy tula[;k esa uxjh;
tula[;k osQ izfr'kr osQ :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA o"kZ 2001
esa Hkkjr esa uxjhdj.k dk Lrj 28 izfr'kr Fkk tks fodflr
ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa dkI
+
kQh de gSA 20oha 'krkCnh osQ nkSjku
uxjh; tula[;k 11 xquk c<+h gSA uxjh; osaQnzksa osQ fooèkZu
vkSj u, uxjksa osQ vkfoHkkZo us ns'k esa uxjh; tula[;k dh
o`f¼ vkSj uxjhdj.k esa lkFkZd Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gS (rkfydk
4-1)A foaQrq uxjhdj.k dh o`f¼ nj fiNys nks n'kdksa esa
èkheh gqbZ gSA
tula[;k vkdkj osQ vkèkkj ij uxjksa dk oxhZdj.k
Hkkjr dh tux.kuk uxjksa dks N% oxks± esa oxhZo`Qr djrh gS tSlk
fd rkfydk 4-2 esa iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA ,d yk[k ls vfèkd
uxjh; tula[;k okys uxjh; osaQnz dks uxj vFkok izFke oxZ
dk uxj dgk tkrk gSA 10 yk[k ls 50 yk[k dh tula[;k okys
uxjksa dks egkuxj rFkk 50 yk[k ls vfèkd tula[;k okys uxjksa
dks esxk uxj dgk tkrk gSA cgqla[;d egkuxj vkSj esxk uxj
uxjh; laoqQy gSaA ,d uxjh; laoqQy esa fuEufyf[kr rhu
la;kstdksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk lekos'k gksrk gSµ (d) ,d
uxj o mldk layXu uxjh; cfgcZ¼] ([k) cfgcZ¼
o"kZ uxjksa@uxjh; uxjh; tula[;k oqQy uxjh; n'kdh;
laoqQyksa dh la[;k (g”kkjksa esa) tula[;k dk » o`f¼ (»)
1901 1,827 25,851.9 10.84 —-
1911 1,815 25,941.6 10.29 0.35
1921 1,949 28,086.2 11.18 8.27
1931 2,072 33,456.0 11.99 19.12
1941 2,250 44,153.3 13.86 31.97
1951 2,843 62,443.7 17.29 41.42
1961 2,365 78,936.6 17.97 26.41
1971 2,590 1,09,114 19.91 38.23
1981 3,378 1,59,463 23.34 46.14
1991 4,689 2,17,611 25.71 36.47
2001 5,161 2,85,355 27.78 31.13
rkfydk 4-1 % Hkkjr µ uxjhdj.k dh izo`fÙk;k¡ 1901&2001
Hkkjr µ oxkZuqlkj uxjh; tula[;k dk forj.k (»)] 2001
fp=k 4-6 % Hkkjr µ oxkZuqlkj uxjh; tula[;k dk forj.k] 2001
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