A URL is another word for a web address.
A URL can be composed of words (e.g. w3schools.com), or an Internet Protocol (IP) address (e.g. 192.68.20.50).
Most people enter the name when surfing, because names are easier to remember than numbers.
Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL.
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to address a document (or other data) on the web.
scheme://prefix.domain:port/path/filename
Explanation:
The table below lists some common schemes:
URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set. If a URL contains characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted.
URL encoding converts non-ASCII characters into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet.
URL encoding replaces non-ASCII characters with a "%" followed by hexadecimal digits.
URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a plus (+) sign, or %20.
Your browser will encode input, according to the character-set used in your page.
The default character-set in HTML5 is UTF-8.
XHTML is a stricter, more XML-based version of HTML.
XML is a markup language where all documents must be marked up correctly (be "well-formed").
XHTML was developed to make HTML more extensible and flexible to work with other data formats (such as XML). In addition, browsers ignore errors in HTML pages, and try to display the website even if it has some errors in the markup. So XHTML comes with a much stricter error handling.
An XHTML document must have an XHTML <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
The <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> elements must also be present, and the xmlns attribute in <html> must specify the xml namespace for the document.
Example
Here is an XHTML document with a minimum of required tags:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Title of document</title>
</head>
<body>
some content here...
</body>
</html>
In XHTML, elements must always be properly nested within each other, like this:
Correct:
<b><i>Some text</i></b>
Wrong:
<b><i>Some text</b></i>
In XHTML, elements must always be closed, like this:
Correct:
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
Wrong:
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph
In XHTML, empty elements must always be closed, like this:
Correct:
A break: <br />
A horizontal rule: <hr />
An image: <img src="https://edurev.gumlet.io/appy.gif" alt="Happy face" />
Wrong:
A break: <br>
A horizontal rule: <hr>
An image: <img src="https://edurev.gumlet.io/appy.gif" alt="Happy face">
In XHTML, element names must always be in lowercase, like this:
Correct:
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
</body>
Wrong:
<BODY>
<P>This is a paragraph</P>
</BODY>
In XHTML, attribute names must always be in lowercase, like this:
Correct:
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a>
Wrong:
<a HREF="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a>
In XHTML, attribute values must always be quoted, like this:
Correct:
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a>
Wrong:
<a href=https://www.w3schools.com/html/>Visit our HTML tutorial</a>
In XHTML, attribute minimization is forbidden:
Correct:
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="car" checked="checked" />
<input type="text" name="lastname" disabled="disabled" />
Wrong:
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="car" checked />
<input type="text" name="lastname" disabled />
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