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CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6 PDF Download

CSS RGB Colors


An RGB color value represents RED, GREEN, and BLUE light sources.

RGB Value

  • In CSS, a color can be specified as an RGB value, using this formula:
    rgb(red, green, blue)
  • Each parameter (red, green, and blue) defines the intensity of the color between 0 and 255.
  • For example, rgb(255, 0, 0) is displayed as red, because red is set to its highest value (255) and the others are set to 0.
  • To display black, set all color parameters to 0, like this: rgb(0, 0, 0).
  • To display white, set all color parameters to 255, like this: rgb(255, 255, 255).

Experiment by mixing the RGB values below:
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

Example
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

Shades of gray are often defined using equal values for all the 3 light sources:

Example
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

RGBA Value

  • RGBA color values are an extension of RGB color values with an alpha channel - which specifies the opacity for a color.
  • An RGBA color value is specified with:
    rgba(red, green, blue, alpha)
  • The alpha parameter is a number between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (not transparent at all)

Experiment by mixing the RGBA values below:
Example
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

CSS HEX Colors


A hexadecimal color is specified with: #RRGGBB, where the RR (red), GG (green) and BB (blue) hexadecimal integers specify the components of the color.

HEX Value

  • In CSS, a color can be specified using a hexadecimal value in the form:
    #rrggbb
  • Where rr (red), gg (green) and bb (blue) are hexadecimal values between 00 and ff (same as decimal 0-255).
  • For example, #ff0000 is displayed as red, because red is set to its highest value (ff) and the others are set to the lowest value (00).
  • To display black, set all values to 00, like this: #000000.
  • To display white, set all values to ff, like this: #ffffff.  

Experiment by mixing the HEX values below:
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

Example
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

Shades of gray are often defined using equal values for all the 3 light sources:
Example
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

3 Digit HEX Value

  • Sometimes you will see a 3-digit hex code in the CSS source.
  • The 3-digit hex code is a shorthand for some 6-digit hex codes.
  • The 3-digit hex code has the following form:
    #rgb
  • Where r, g, and b represents the red, green, and blue components with values between 0 and f.
  • 3-digit hex code can only be used when both the values (RR, GG, and BB) are the same for each components. So, if we have #ff00cc, it can be written like this: #f0c.

Here is an example:
Example

body {

  background-color: #fc9; /* same as #ffcc99 */

}

h1 {

  color: #f0f; /* same as #ff00ff */

}

p {

  color: #b58; /* same as #bb5588 */

}

CSS HSL Colors


HSL stands for hue, saturation, and lightness.

HSL Value

  • In CSS, a color can be specified using hue, saturation, and lightness (HSL) in the form:
    hsl(hue, saturation, lightness)
  • Hue is a degree on the color wheel from 0 to 360. 0 is red, 120 is green, and 240 is blue.
  • Saturation is a percentage value, 0% means a shade of gray, and 100% is the full color.
  • Lightness is also a percentage, 0% is black, 50% is neither light or dark, 100% is white

Experiment by mixing the HSL values below:
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

Example
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

Saturation

  • Saturation can be described as the intensity of a color.
  • 100% is pure color, no shades of gray
  • 50% is 50% gray, but you can still see the color.
  • 0% is completely gray, you can no longer see the color.

Example
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

Lightness
The lightness of a color can be described as how much light you want to give the color, where 0% means no light (black), 50% means 50% light (neither dark nor light) 100% means full lightness (white).
Example
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

Shades of Gray
Shades of gray are often defined by setting the hue and saturation to 0, and adjust the lightness from 0% to 100% to get darker/lighter shades:
Example
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

HSLA Value

  • HSLA color values are an extension of HSL color values with an alpha channel - which specifies the opacity for a color.
  • An HSLA color value is specified with:
    hsla(hue, saturation, lightness, alpha)
  • The alpha parameter is a number between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (not transparent at all):

Experiment by mixing the HSLA values below:
CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6

The document CSS RGB, RGBA, HEX & HSL Colors | CSS for Beginners - Class 6 is a part of the Class 6 Course CSS for Beginners.
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