UPSC Daily Current Affairs: 14th May 2025 | Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly PDF Download

GS2/Governance

In India, Education Without Employment

Why in News?

India's education system is currently facing a significant crisis regarding the employability of its graduates, despite various reforms and initiatives aimed at improving the educational landscape.

Key Takeaways

• The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to revitalize the educational framework but has not effectively addressed employability issues.
• Despite reforms, the employability rate for graduates remains stagnant, indicating a failure in translating education into job opportunities.
• The lack of meaningful implementation of policies and industry involvement undermines the effectiveness of educational reforms.

Additional Details

• Employment Crisis: The employability rate in 2025 is projected to be only 42.6%, showing minimal improvement from previous years, highlighting the disconnect between education and job readiness.
• NEP 2020's Challenges: While NEP 2020 introduces flexible learning pathways, it has resulted in low-skill gig economy jobs rather than fulfilling the need for skilled professionals in a rapidly changing job market.
• Accountability Issues: Large-scale educational projects often lack transparency and fail to deliver tangible benefits, raising concerns about the effective use of public funds.

In conclusion, India's educational reforms must focus on practical implementation, industry collaboration, and real-world outcomes rather than merely improving rankings. To combat the ongoing education crisis, it is essential to prioritize employability and develop a workforce that meets the demands of a global economy.

GS3/Economy

Centralised Information Management System (CIMS)

Why in News?

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has mandated that regulated entities (REs) report details of their digital lending applications (DLAs) through the newly established Centralised Information Management System (CIMS) portal.

Key Takeaways

• CIMS is designed to manage massive data flow, aggregation, analysis, and public dissemination.
• The system enhances the efficiency of RBI's regulatory reporting by allowing electronic submissions.
• It improves the timeliness and quality of regulatory data and helps monitor financial risks effectively.

Additional Details

• Data Warehouse: CIMS acts as a comprehensive warehouse for data, utilizing advanced technology to handle big data.
• Data Analytics: The system supports various analytical functions, including data mining, text mining, and visual analytics, which connect data from financial, fiscal, corporate, and real sectors.
• By adopting cloud-based technology, CIMS reduces the workload for banks and regulated entities, facilitating better communication and streamlined reporting with the RBI.

In summary, CIMS represents a significant advancement in the RBI's approach to regulatory oversight, allowing for improved data management and enhanced responsiveness to emerging financial risks.

GS3/Economy

Digital Banking Units (DBUs)

Why in News?

In October 2022, the launch of 75 Digital Banking Units (DBUs) across remote districts aimed to commemorate India's 75th Independence Day. However, the momentum of these units has declined over the past two years.

Key Takeaways

• DBUs are specialized banking hubs designed for providing digital financial services.
• They operate in both self-service and assisted modes, ensuring 24/7 access to banking.
• These units promote financial inclusion in semi-urban and rural areas.

Additional Details

• Definition: Digital Banking Units (DBUs) are fixed-location banking hubs that deliver a wide array of digital financial services using modern infrastructure.
• Operational Scope: DBUs can be established by commercial banks with digital banking experience in Tier I to Tier VI cities without prior approval from the RBI, except where restrictions apply.
• DBUs are not available for Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), payment banks, and local area banks.
• Services Offered: Customers can access services such as account opening, mobile banking kits, debit and credit card applications, and UPI QR-based merchant solutions, all handled digitally.
• Each DBU operates independently and adheres to RBI guidelines, including separate premises and automated cash services.
• Benefits: DBUs enhance customer convenience, support inclusive banking, and help banks optimize costs while improving service delivery.

Overall, Digital Banking Units represent a significant step toward modernizing banking services and enhancing accessibility for underserved populations.

UPSC 2024 Question

Consider the following statements in respect of the digital rupee:

• 1. It is a sovereign currency issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in alignment with its monetary policy.
• 2. It appears as a liability on the RBI’s balance sheet.
• 3. It is insured against inflation by its very design.
• 4. It is freely convertible against commercial bank money and cash.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

• Options: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 4*

GS3/Economy

What are Treasury Bills (T-Bills)

Why in News?

India has recently extended its financial support to the Maldives by renewing a USD 50 million Treasury Bill for another year through the State Bank of India (SBI).

Key Takeaways

• A Treasury Bill (T-Bill) is a short-term debt instrument issued by the Indian government.
• They are issued through the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• T-Bills are considered one of the safest investments with high liquidity.

Additional Details

• Purpose: The primary objective of a T-Bill is to meet the short-term financial requirements of the central government. The RBI also uses these bills under its open market operations (OMO) strategy to manage inflation and regulate borrowing habits.
• Features: T-Bills are zero coupon securities, meaning they do not pay interest. They are issued at a discount and redeemed at face value at maturity. For example, a 91-day T-Bill with a face value of ₹100 may be issued at ₹98, and the return for investors is the difference between the maturity value and the issue price.
• Tenure: T-Bills in India are issued with tenures of 91 days, 182 days, and 364 days.
• Minimum Investment: The minimum investment required is ₹25,000 or multiples of this amount.
• Issue Process: T-Bills are issued through auctions conducted by the RBI, which are held at regular intervals on the RBI’s electronic platform called E-Kuber.
• Who can buy T-Bills? T-Bills can be purchased by any registered entity in India, including banks, financial institutions, corporate bodies, mutual funds, and individuals in both primary and secondary markets.

This extension of financial support through T-Bills highlights India's commitment to strengthening its financial ties with the Maldives.

GS3/Environment

Ecology is the World’s Permanent Economy

Why in News?

The phrase "Ecology is the permanent economy," popularized by environmentalist Sunderlal Bahuguna, underscores a fundamental truth that should guide all human progress. In an era characterized by rapid industrialization, climate change, and biodiversity loss, this concept emphasizes that genuine economic prosperity cannot exist without ecological health. The challenge lies in recognizing that sustainable development is intrinsically linked to the conservation of natural resources.

Key Takeaways

• True economic growth relies on the health of ecological systems.
• Human activities must align with ecological sustainability to prevent environmental collapse.

Additional Details

• Understanding Ecology: The relationship between the economy and ecology is critical. Sustainable practices need to be integrated into economic planning to ensure long-term viability.
• Human Detachment: Over time, humans have distanced themselves from nature, leading to significant biodiversity loss. Unlike other species, humans deplete resources for future needs, resulting in unsustainable consumption patterns.
• Nature-Based Solutions: Efforts to combat climate change through ecological restoration highlight a paradox where humanity exploits nature while relying on its resilience.
• Paradigm Shift: A shift from exploitation to stewardship is necessary for fostering a sustainable relationship with the environment.

The notion that ecology is the permanent economy encapsulates the essence of sustainability, urging humanity to recalibrate its priorities. Recognizing ecological integrity as the foundation of economic and societal success is vital in the face of ecological degradation. By reconnecting emotionally and ethically with the natural world, individuals and societies can pave the way for lasting resilience and harmony with the planet.

GS3/Science and Technology

Dirang Geothermal Project

Why in News?

The Centre for Earth Sciences and Himalayan Studies (CESHS) has successfully drilled India’s first geothermal production well in the West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh. This achievement positions Dirang to potentially become the first geothermal-powered town in India.

Key Takeaways

• First geothermal production well in India drilled in Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh.
• The project is led by CESHS with support from the Ministry of Earth Sciences.
• Geothermal energy is a renewable source derived from the Earth's internal heat.

Additional Details

• Geothermal Energy: This energy source is obtained from heat stored in the Earth's interior, primarily from the decay of radioactive elements. It can be harnessed for electricity generation, heating, and industrial applications, making it a renewable resource.
• Dirang Geothermal Project: Located in West Kameng, this project represents the first successful geothermal drilling site in Northeast India. The medium-to-high enthalpy zone (~115°C) is characterized by a fault between quartzite and schist, facilitating efficient drilling.
• The site was chosen after extensive geochemical and structural surveys over two years. It has the potential to support applications such as agricultural drying, space heating, and controlled storage.
• International collaboration includes partners like the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute and Geotropy ehf from Iceland.

The Geothermal Atlas of India (2022) identifies 381 thermally anomalous sites, with an estimated geothermal potential of 10,600 MW, sufficient to power over 10 million homes. Geothermal energy provides base load power, unlike intermittent sources such as solar and wind. India has initiated several projects, including a 20 kW pilot plant in Manuguru, Telangana, and a 1 MW pilot plant in Puga Valley, Ladakh, with ongoing international collaborations to enhance its geothermal capabilities.

Question:

Consider the following: (1) Electromagnetic radiation (2) Geothermal energy (3) Gravitational force (4) Plate movements (5) Rotation of the earth (6) Revolution of the earth. Which of the above are responsible for bringing dynamic changes on the surface of the earth?

• (a) 1 only
• (b) 2 and 3 only
• (c) 1, 2 and 3
• (d) None

GS3/Economy

India’s Right to Repair Movement: Enhancing Consumer Rights and Sustainable Electronics

Why in News?

The Department of Consumer Affairs (DoCA) has announced the submission of a report that proposes a “Framework on Repairability Index (RI) in Mobile and Electronic Sector” to the government. This initiative aims to empower consumers while promoting environmental sustainability through the Right to Repair movement.

Key Takeaways

• The Repairability Index will rank electronic products based on their repairability.
• This framework addresses issues like product durability and electronic waste.
• It encourages transparency regarding repair options and promotes long-lasting products.

Additional Details

• Repairability Index:A score that evaluates how easily a product can be repaired, taking into account factors such as:
  • Availability and pricing of spare parts
  • Access to repair documentation
  • Cost and time required for repairs
  • Software support, including updates
• The initiative aims to combat issues like planned obsolescence and poor durability of modern appliances.
• It aligns with broader goals such as reducing electronic waste and supporting a circular economy.

This movement represents a significant step for consumer rights in India, providing options for repair and usage of older devices while also addressing environmental concerns. The success of this initiative will depend on balancing consumer rights with the interests of manufacturers.

GS2/Governance

Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat)

Why in News?

Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat) has initiated a selection process for civil defense volunteers as part of its mission to empower young men and women in disaster management.

Key Takeaways

• MY Bharat is an autonomous body under the Department of Youth Affairs, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sport.
• The initiative is designed to enhance youth outreach through a supportive technological platform.
• It targets youth aged 15-29 years, aligning with the National Youth Policy definition of 'Youth'.
• Specific components of the program are aimed at adolescents aged 10-19 years.

Additional Details

• MY Bharat Portal: This is a 'Phygital Platform' that combines physical activities with digital connectivity, allowing youth across the country to register for opportunities and events.
• The platform has become crucial for youth development, facilitating various events and volunteering activities in collaboration with Police, Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), and different Ministries.

MY Bharat represents a significant advancement in focusing government efforts on youth-led development, encouraging young individuals to be proactive contributors to societal progress rather than passive recipients.

GS3/Economy

What is the SAMRIDH Scheme?

Why in News?

Recently, two individuals, including a chartered accountant, were arrested for allegedly defrauding the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) of over Rs 3 crore by misusing the government-run SAMRIDH scheme intended for startups.

Key Takeaways

• The SAMRIDH scheme is a flagship initiative by MeitY aimed at supporting startup acceleration.
• It facilitates connections for startups with customers, investors, and international markets.
• The scheme can provide up to Rs 40 lakh in funding for eligible startups.

Additional Details

• SAMRIDH Scheme: The Startup Accelerator for Product Innovation, Development, and Growth (SAMRIDH) is designed to accelerate IT-based startups by providing necessary resources and support through selected accelerators.
• Implementation: The scheme is executed by MeitY Start-up Hub (MSH) and Digital India Corporation (DIC). In its initial cohort, 22 accelerators across 12 states are supporting 175 startups selected through a rigorous screening process.
• Accelerators: These include government-supported organizations, academic institutions, and private sector funding platforms, selecting 5-10 startups each in areas like health-tech, ed-tech, agri-tech, consumer-tech, fin-tech, SaaS, and sustainability.
• Services Provided: Accelerators offer various services, including expert market research diagnostics, mentoring, legal assistance, networking opportunities, and support for startup presentations to venture capitalists and angel investors.

The SAMRIDH scheme represents a significant effort by the Indian government to foster innovation and growth in the startup ecosystem, focusing on technology-driven enterprises that can contribute to the economy.

GS3/Environment

The Hindu Op-ed: Ecology is the World’s Permanent Economy

Why in News?

The groundwater potential of the Gangetic valley is experiencing a significant decline, which poses a serious threat to India's food security. Understanding this issue highlights the essential connection between ecological health and human prosperity, reinforcing that a stable economy relies on sustainable natural resources.

Key Takeaways

• Ecology underpins essential resources for economic activity.
• Long-term economic stability is reliant on ecological balance.
• Human disconnection from nature has detrimental impacts on biodiversity.
• Balancing environmental protection with economic development is crucial for sustainability.

Additional Details

• Foundation of Human Survival and Economy: Ecology supplies vital resources such as air, water, food, and fertile soil, which are fundamental to all economic activities. For example, agriculture relies on healthy soil, pollinators, and water cycles; when ecosystems degrade, crop failures and food insecurity can result.
• Long-term Economic Stability Requires Ecological Balance: Sustainable management of natural resources is essential to ensure ongoing economic benefits without depleting the environment. For instance, overfishing depletes fish populations, negatively impacting both marine biodiversity and the fishing industry.
• Ecological Health Mitigates Climate and Disaster Risks: Healthy ecosystems serve as buffers against natural disasters and climate change, protecting lives and infrastructure. An example is mangroves, which shield coastal areas from storms and flooding.
• Impact of Human Evolution on Nature Disconnection: The transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled agriculture has distanced humans from direct reliance on nature. Rapid urbanization and technological advancements further exacerbate this disconnection, leading to diminished interactions with natural environments.
• Consequences for Biodiversity: Habitat destruction due to urban expansion has led to significant loss of natural habitats, while species extinction rates accelerate due to human activities. For example, the dodo bird and the western black rhinoceros have become extinct due to hunting and habitat loss.
• Importance of Balancing Environmental Protection and Economic Development: Sustainable practices ensure resources remain available for future generations, prevent environmental degradation, and support climate resilience. Initiatives like sustainable forestry in Sweden illustrate how economic development can coexist with ecological health.

In conclusion, recognizing that "Ecology is the permanent economy" reinforces the necessity of integrating ecological considerations into economic planning. This approach will ensure long-term sustainability and resilience for both the environment and human society.

GS3/Environment

Mearim River - Tidal Bore

Why in News?

Recently, a Brazilian surfer, renowned for riding the world's longest tidal waves, is using the Mearim River's pororoca to promote awareness about climate change and ecological degradation.

Key Takeaways

• The Mearim River is a significant waterway located in Maranhão state, northern Brazil.
• It has a length of approximately 800 km and flows into the Baía de São Marcos, creating a common estuary with the Pindaré and Grajaú rivers.
• The river is notable for its tidal bore, known as "pororoca," which attracts surfers and researchers.

Additional Details

• Mearim River: This river originates in southern Maranhão, draining northward into São Marcos Bay. Its upper and middle courses contain rapids that make them non-navigable, while only the lower course is suitable for navigation.
• Tidal Bore (Pororoca): The term "pororoca" comes from the Tupi Indigenous language, meaning "great roar," which describes the thunderous sound created by the interaction of ocean tides and river currents. This phenomenon typically occurs during spring tides and supermoons.
• The height of the tidal bore is generally greater near the riverbanks compared to the center and can travel upstream for about 30 minutes after the peak high tide.
• The Mearim's pororoca is among the last strong tidal bores in Brazil, drawing attention from surfers and environmental researchers alike.

This tidal phenomenon not only serves as an exciting surfing opportunity but also highlights the effects of climate change on river ecosystems, making it a focal point for environmental awareness efforts.