Indian Polity and Governance (Part 3): July 2025 Current Affairs | Current Affairs & General Knowledge - CLAT PDF Download

Nominated Members to the Rajya Sabha

Why in News?

The President of India has recently nominated four individuals—Harsh Vardhan Shringla, Ujjwal Nikam, C. Sadanandan Master, and Meenakshi Jain—to the Rajya Sabha.

Key Takeaways

• The President nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha for a term of six years.
• Nominations recognize individuals with outstanding contributions in various fields.
• Nomination authority is derived from the Constitution of India.

Additional Details

• Number and Tenure: The President nominates a total of 12 members to serve a six-year term in the Rajya Sabha.
• Purpose of Nomination: This provision honors those who have made exceptional contributions in arts, literature, science, and social service.
• Constitutional Basis: The authority for these nominations is found in the Fourth Schedule of the Constitution, specifically under Articles 4(1) and 80(2).
• Constitutional Provisions:
  • Article 80(1)(a): This article allows the President to nominate 12 members to the Rajya Sabha.
  • Article 80(3): Specifies that nominees should possess special knowledge or practical experience in fields such as literature, science, art, or social service.
• Composition of the Rajya Sabha:
  • Total strength is 245 members: 233 elected members and 12 nominated members.
  • The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body, meaning it is not subject to dissolution.
  • One-third of its members retire every two years, prompting elections for vacant seats.
• Powers and Privileges of Nominated Members:
  • Nominated members enjoy equal rights and privileges in the House proceedings.
  • They can participate in debates, discussions, and committee work.
  • Voting Rights:
    • Nominated members cannot vote in the election of the President.
    • However, they can vote in the election of the Vice President.
  • Political Affiliation Provision: According to Article 99, nominated members have six months to join a political party after their nomination.

In summary, the nomination of members to the Rajya Sabha plays a crucial role in recognizing exceptional contributions across various fields, maintaining a balanced representation in the legislative process.

Government Claims on Reducing Inequality in India: A Critical Analysis

Why in News?

The Indian government recently asserted that India ranks among the world's most equal societies, citing a Gini Index of 25.5 from the World Bank’s Poverty and Equity Brief. This places India as the fourth most equal country globally. However, this assertion has triggered debates and criticisms from economists and researchers focused on inequality.

Key Takeaways

• The Gini Index is a statistical measure used to assess inequality in income or wealth.
• Critics argue that the Gini Index, particularly when based on consumption data, underrepresents the true extent of inequality.
• Alternatives to the Gini Index, like the Palma Ratio and Theil Index, provide a clearer picture of disparities.
• Misinterpreting inequality data can lead to misguided policy decisions and social unrest.

Additional Details

• Gini Index: This coefficient quantifies inequality within a population. While it is often used to measure income or wealth inequality, it may not accurately reflect consumption inequality.
• Flaws in Consumption-Based Gini:
  • Underestimation of Real Inequality: High-income individuals tend to save more and consume less, leading to a misleading portrayal of equality. For instance, a billionaire may appear similar to a middle-class consumer in spending surveys despite vast differences in wealth.
  • Poor Cross-Country Comparability: India’s consumption-based Gini can appear more equal than income-based measures from other countries, such as the OECD, which shows a Gini of 62.
  • Low Survey Participation: Surveys often miss the wealthiest individuals, underrepresenting their contribution to inequality. For example, the richest 1% may be inaccurately reported due to participation issues.
• World Inequality Database (WID): The WID is considered more reliable as it uses income and wealth tax data, capturing the top earners often missed in surveys. For instance, WID indicates India’s income Gini Index rose from 52 in 2004 to 62 in 2023, highlighting increasing inequality.
• Alternative Measures:
  • Palma Ratio: This ratio compares the income share of the top 10% to that of the bottom 40%, providing a direct measure of income inequality.
  • Theil Index: This index decomposes inequality within and between population groups, offering a more detailed analysis of disparities.
• Policy Risks of Underestimating Inequality:
  • Misguided Policy Design: Underestimating inequality may lead to policies focused solely on growth, neglecting the needs of marginalized groups.
  • Widening Socioeconomic Gaps: Failure to address real inequalities can exacerbate wealth concentration, particularly affecting low-caste and female-led households.
  • Social and Political Instability: Ignoring inequality can result in public discontent and instability, undermining trust in institutions.
  • Poor Targeting of Welfare Schemes: Inaccurate inequality measurements can lead to exclusion errors in welfare programs, failing to reach those in need.

To address these issues, it is crucial to improve data collection methods by integrating consumption data with income tax records. Moreover, adopting comprehensive inequality metrics and designing inclusive policy frameworks can help ensure that marginalized groups receive the support they require, ultimately reducing social and regional disparities.

Autonomous District Councils (ADC)

Why in News?

The Governor of Mizoram has imposed Governor’s Rule in the Chakma Autonomous District Council (CADC) due to prolonged political instability and frequent changes in leadership.

Key Takeaways

• ADCs are local self-governing bodies established under the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
• They are primarily located in the tribal areas of northeastern states, including Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
• The main purpose of ADCs is to provide autonomy to tribal communities to maintain their culture and govern local affairs.

Additional Details

• Legal Basis: ADCs are formed through constitutional provisions specified in the Sixth Schedule, meaning they operate independently of state laws.
• Council Composition: Each ADC can have up to 30 members, with 26 elected by adult suffrage and 4 nominated by the Governor.
• Tenure: The term for an ADC lasts for 5 years from its date of establishment.
• Scope of Authority: ADCs possess legislative, executive, and limited judicial powers tailored to meet the needs of tribal communities.
• Applicability of Laws: Laws from the State and Central governments do not automatically apply within ADC jurisdictions unless explicitly extended.

Powers and Functions of ADCs

• Law-Making Powers: ADCs can create laws regarding land management, agriculture, and forest use (excluding reserved forests).
• Customary Regulations: They may regulate issues related to inheritance, marriage, divorce, and social customs, and can appoint traditional chiefs and headmen.
• Local Administration: ADCs oversee essential services including primary education, healthcare, infrastructure, and market regulation.
• Judicial Functions: They are empowered to establish village courts for civil and criminal cases involving tribal members, with sentencing authority up to five years.
• Regulation of Trade: ADCs can control trade activities and money lending by non-tribals, pending the Governor’s approval.
• Revenue Sources: ADCs can levy taxes on professions, trades, animals, vehicles, markets, ferries, and public infrastructure like roads and schools.

Autonomy and Limitations

• Degree of Autonomy: ADCs enjoy significant legislative and administrative independence within their defined territories.
• Non-Applicability of General Laws: State and Central laws only apply if directed by the Governor, which helps maintain their self-governance.
• Governor’s Oversight: The Governor retains the authority to approve, modify, or annul decisions made by the councils.
• Financial Constraints: ADCs often struggle with limited revenue generation, impacting their developmental initiatives.
• Administrative Challenges: Issues such as leadership instability, lack of trained personnel, and state-level interference hinder council operations.

In conclusion, the Autonomous District Councils play a crucial role in promoting tribal self-governance and preserving cultural identity, but they face various challenges that limit their effectiveness and autonomy.

India and the Global AI Race - A Call for Strategic, Democratic Governance

Why in News?

The United States and China are leading a new era of Artificial Intelligence (AI) competition while the European Union is establishing regulatory frameworks. In this context, India aims to position itself as a significant player in global AI governance. However, without a strong and politically supported national AI strategy, India's ambitions may be fragmented, risking its relevance on the global stage as governance norms around AI continue to evolve.

Key Takeaways

• India aims to represent the Global South in AI discussions through democratic legitimacy and digital capabilities.
• The IndiaAI Mission, with a budget of Rs. 10,000 crore, lacks a cabinet-endorsed national strategy.
• India faces structural challenges, including a weak R&D base and a lack of coordination in AI governance.

Additional Details

• India’s Strategic Position: India seeks to leverage its democratic legitimacy and digital capabilities to represent the Global South in AI forums. This ambition is crucial as global AI governance becomes more defined.
• Governance Gap: The IndiaAI Mission, currently operating under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, lacks a formal endorsement and political mandate, hindering effective coordination.
• Comparison with Global Peers: Unlike the US, China, UK, and EU, which have established formal AI strategies with roadmaps and institutional backing, India's approach remains fragmented.
• Research and Talent Deficit: There is a notable shortage of AI-specialized PhDs and poor collaboration between academia and industry, contributing to a brain drain of talent.
• Private Sector Limitations: The Indian IT sector primarily focuses on service provision rather than innovation, with low investment in foundational AI research.
• Democratic and Institutional Shortcomings: The absence of bipartisan consensus on AI and limited parliamentary engagement undermines the legitimacy and continuity of AI governance policies.

In conclusion, AI is not merely a technological advancement; it represents a profound transformation affecting national security, economic growth, social equity, and governance. India's youthful population and digital infrastructure present significant advantages, but without a coherent and democratic strategy, the country risks missing its opportunity to influence global AI standards.

Sanchar Mitra Scheme

Why in News?

The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has recently expanded the Sanchar Mitra Scheme to engage engineering students as digital ambassadors. The initiative aims to enhance telecom literacy, promote digital safety, and encourage citizen engagement.

Key Takeaways

• The scheme is an initiative by the Government of India.
• It aims to involve student volunteers as "Sanchar Mitras" to raise awareness about telecom-related issues.
• The program seeks to bridge the communication gap between citizens and the telecom ecosystem.

Additional Details

• Primary Aim: Engage student volunteers to promote safe and informed use of telecom services and to foster public participation in India's digital transformation.
• Implementation Status: Initially piloted in select institutions, the scheme is now being scaled up for a nationwide rollout.
• Target Audience: Primarily targets students from engineering and technical backgrounds, including fields such as telecommunications, computer science, electronics, and cybersecurity.
• Selection of Volunteers: Students will be nominated in consultation with DoT field units and educational institutions.
• Training Modules: Volunteers will receive training on grassroots campaigns covering cyber fraud prevention, EMF radiation concerns, and responsible digital behavior.
• Training Institutions: Training will be conducted by the National Communications Academy–Technology (NCA-T) and the Media Wing of the DoT.
• Core Pillars: The scheme is structured around three main pillars: Connect, Educate, and Innovate.
• Tech Awareness Promotion: Sanchar Mitras will raise awareness about emerging telecom technologies such as 5G, 6G, and AI.
• Community Outreach: Students will engage with communities, NGOs, and schools to promote a culture of informed digital citizenship.
• Strategic Alignment: The scheme aligns with India's strengths in the "Four Ds": Democracy, Demography, Digitization, and Delivery.

This initiative not only empowers the youth by making them active participants in their communities but also plays a crucial role in enhancing the overall digital landscape of the country.

Maharashtra’s ‘Urban Maoism’ Bill: Key Concerns and Criticisms

Why in News?

The Maharashtra Assembly has recently passed the Special Public Security Bill, 2024, aimed at addressing the issue of 'urban Maoism' and left-wing extremism. This legislation criminalizes acts that disturb public order and promote disobedience to the law. A significant concern is the provision that allows for property forfeiture prior to conviction, which raises questions about vague definitions and potential abuse by law enforcement. The Bill is currently pending approval from the Legislative Council and awaits the Governor's assent.

Key Takeaways

• The Bill targets 'urban Maoism' and left-wing extremism.
• It allows pre-conviction property confiscation, raising concerns about misuse.
• The legislation is modeled after the UAPA, expanding the definition of unlawful activities.

Additional Details

• Urban Maoism: This term refers to the strategy employed by the CPI (Maoist) to enhance its influence in urban areas by mobilizing students, professionals, and religious minorities. Techniques include establishing NGOs, organizing protests, and engaging in media campaigns to gradually weaken state authority.
• Key Methods: Urban Maoists may not be armed insurgents but are accused of providing various forms of support, such as financial backing, legal defense, or resource mobilization.
• STIR Document: The 2004 Strategies and Tactics of Indian Revolution (STIR) document outlines objectives for urban base establishment to support rural armed struggles, mobilizing intellectuals, and forming secret alliances with anti-state organizations.

In conclusion, the Special Public Security Bill has sparked significant debate regarding its implications for civil liberties and the definition of unlawful activities, particularly in the context of urban Maoist networks. Critics argue that the vagueness of the terms used in the Bill could lead to the criminalization of legitimate dissent and protests.

Protecting and Preserving Voting Rights

Why in News?

Recently, the Supreme Court directed the Election Commission to accept Aadhaar, voter ID, and ration cards for updating Bihar’s voter list. This decision underscores the importance of the right to vote as a fundamental component of India’s democracy. Unlike in some Western nations, India granted voting rights to all adults from the outset.

Key Takeaways

• The Supreme Court emphasizes the significance of protecting voting rights in India.
• India's commitment to universal adult suffrage sets it apart from many other countries.

How India Made Universal Adult Suffrage a Reality

• Constitutional Guarantee: Article 326 ensures voting rights for all adults, irrespective of gender, caste, religion, education, or property. The voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 via the 61st Amendment in 1989.
• Legal Framework:Two key laws support these rights:
  • The Representation of the People Act, 1950 — for preparing electoral rolls.
  • The Representation of the People Act, 1951 — for regulating elections and addressing offenses.
• Administrative Innovations: To include 173 million largely illiterate voters, election symbols were introduced by Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen, simplifying the voting process.

Statutory Rights and Judicial Perspectives

• In India, the right to vote is a statutory right under Section 62 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, rather than a fundamental or constitutional right.
• The Supreme Court's ruling in Kuldip Nayar v. Union of India (2006) established that voting is a statutory right. This was reaffirmed in Anoop Baranwal v. Union of India (2023).
• Justice Ajay Rastogi's dissent suggested a connection to fundamental rights, but this view did not prevail.

Importance of Accurate Electoral Rolls

• Accurate electoral rolls are crucial for free and fair elections, ensuring the principle of one person, one vote.
• The Election Commission is mandated to regularly update these rolls under the Representation of the People Act, 1950.
• Errors such as omissions, duplicates, or ineligible entries can lead to impersonation and voter disenfranchisement.

Ordinary Residents and Voter Registration

• Definition of Ordinary Resident: Any Indian citizen aged 18 or above who usually lives in a constituency can register as a voter. This ensures genuine presence rather than temporary stays.
• This rule helps prevent fraudulent registrations and keeps voters connected to their constituencies.

Special Voter Categories

• Postal ballots are available for service voters, including soldiers and government employees abroad.
• Overseas Indians can register under Section 20A of the RPA but must vote in person.

Citizenship Verification Debate in Bihar

• A critical issue in Bihar's SIR process is citizenship verification. The Supreme Court's ruling in Lal Babu Hussein v. ERO (1995) emphasized that proof of citizenship cannot be unfairly demanded from voters.
• Past voter lists must be honored, and Election Registration Officers (EROs) must conduct inquiries following fair procedures.

In summary, protecting and preserving voting rights in India is fundamental to maintaining democratic integrity. The continuous efforts to ensure accurate electoral rolls and the fair treatment of all voters reflect the country's commitment to upholding the right to vote as a central pillar of democracy.

Zonal Councils

Why in News?

The Union Home Minister recently emphasized that 83% of issues discussed in Zonal Council meetings have been resolved, highlighting their effectiveness as platforms for intergovernmental cooperation.

Key Takeaways

• Zonal Councils are statutory bodies established under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
• The councils aim to promote cooperation and coordination among states, union territories, and the central government.
• India is divided into five zones, each with its own Zonal Council.

Additional Details

• Establishment: Zonal Councils are statutory, not constitutional bodies.
• Basis for Zoning: Zones are drawn based on natural divisions, cultural and linguistic affinities, river systems, and security needs.
• Zonal Divisions:
  • Northern Zonal Council: Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi, Chandigarh.
  • Central Zonal Council: Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh.
  • Eastern Zonal Council: Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal.
  • Western Zonal Council: Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu.
  • Southern Zonal Council: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry.
• Note: The North-Eastern Council (NEC) is a separate body including states like Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and others.
• The union territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep are not members but are special invitees.

The composition includes Chief Ministers from each state in the respective zone, with additional ministers nominated by each state. The role of the Vice-Chairperson rotates annually among the Chief Ministers, and Standing Committees are formed to prepare for full sessions.

Functions and Responsibilities

• Promote interstate and Centre-state cooperation through dialogue and consensus-building.
• Address key issues such as economic and social planning, border disputes, inter-state transport, and linguistic minority concerns.
• While advisory in nature, the councils play a vital role in dispute resolution and coordinated policy formulation.

Recent Developments and Significance

• Leadership changes in the NEC in 2018 signaled a push for broader integration.
• Under the Modi Government, Zonal Councils have become dynamic, action-oriented platforms.
• These councils actively contribute to cooperative federalism, resolving disputes and accelerating regional development.
• With 83% of agenda issues resolved, Zonal Councils show increasing political will and effectiveness in addressing regional challenges.

Understanding Zonal Councils is crucial for recognizing their role in facilitating intergovernmental cooperation and regional development in India.

Supreme Court on Bihar Electoral Roll Revision

Why in News?

The Supreme Court of India has refused to stay the Election Commission of India’s (ECI) Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in Bihar, which is set to take place ahead of the upcoming Assembly elections. The Court acknowledged concerns raised by petitioners regarding the timing and process of the electoral roll revision, prompting it to advise the ECI to consider using Aadhaar, voter ID, and ration cards for verification. A detailed hearing has been scheduled for July 28.

Key Takeaways

• The Supreme Court's refusal to stay the SIR allows the electoral roll revision to proceed.
• Concerns over timing and document requirements have been highlighted by petitioners.
• Accessibility of suggested documents like Aadhaar and voter ID is crucial for voter inclusion.

Additional Details

• Background: The electoral roll revision in Bihar involves an extensive house-to-house verification process by electoral registration officers. Those listed on the 2003 electoral rolls only need to submit an extract, while newer voters must provide multiple documents to establish their identity.
• Supreme Court Proceedings: Key issues raised include the timing of the revision close to the elections, concerns over document exclusions, and potential voter disenfranchisement, especially among marginalized communities.
• Accessibility of Documents: Aadhaar is available to over 88% of Bihar’s population, while voter IDs are issued to nearly all registered voters. Ration cards also provide access to a significant portion of the population, particularly among low-income groups.
• Election Commission's Defense: The ECI maintains that the list of required documents is not exhaustive and that Aadhaar is not mandatory for citizenship verification. They have also emphasized ongoing public outreach efforts.

The Supreme Court has upheld the ECI's constitutional autonomy in revising electoral rolls while stressing the importance of accountability and transparency. The upcoming July 28 hearing will address critical questions regarding legal validity, procedural fairness, and the timing of the electoral roll revision, aiming to balance thorough documentation with the principle of universal suffrage.

Aspirational District Mineral Foundation (DMF) Programme

Why in News?

The Union Coal and Mines Minister recently unveiled the operational guidelines for the Aspirational DMF Programme, aiming to better align DMF initiatives with the objectives of the Aspirational District and Block Programmes.

Key Takeaways

• The DMF is a non-profit trust established under the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015.
• It primarily serves the interests of individuals and areas impacted by mining operations.
• DMF funds are sourced from contributions by mining leaseholders.
• Governance of DMF falls under state jurisdiction, promoting localized development.

Additional Details

• Establishment: The DMF was created to address the needs of communities affected by mining, as defined by state governments.
• Funding Source: It is funded through contributions from holders of mining leases for both major and minor minerals, as prescribed by government regulations.
• Decentralized Utilization: Funds are collected and utilized at the district level, enabling local development initiatives.

The Aspirational DMF Programme was introduced by the Ministry of Coal and Mines to ensure that DMF planning aligns with national development goals and facilitates maximum social impact through collaboration among various governmental levels.

Aspirational District/Block Programme Overview

• Aspirational District Programme (ADP): Launched in January 2018, this programme targets the upliftment of 117 underdeveloped districts across India.
• Key Principles: The ADP is based on Convergence, Collaboration, and Competition to foster coordinated district transformation.
• Positive Labeling: The term "Aspirational" was chosen to replace potentially negative labels like "backward," promoting a forward-thinking approach.
• Selection Criteria: Districts are chosen by NITI Aayog based on a composite index of 49 indicators across five sectors.

Aspirational Block Programme (ABP)

• Overview: Launched in the Union Budget 2022-23, the ABP extends the ADP's focus to the block level.
• Rural Focus: It aims to ensure comprehensive development in rural areas not fully covered by the ADP.
• Coverage: Initially, the programme includes 500 blocks across 31 states and Union Territories.
• Geographical Concentration: Many of these blocks are located in six states, including Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, reflecting targeted developmental strategies.

The DMF and its associated programmes emphasize collaborative governance and aim to improve essential indicators such as health, education, and infrastructure in underserved regions.

End Custodial Brutality, Begin Criminal Justice Reform

Why in News?

The recent custodial death of Ajith Kumar, a 27-year-old temple guard in Sivaganga, underscores a grave issue of custodial violence in Tamil Nadu. His last words, "I didn’t steal," highlight the systemic dysfunction within law enforcement, prompting a call for urgent reforms to humanize policing and restore public trust.

Key Takeaways

• Ajith Kumar's death is part of a disturbing trend of custodial deaths in Tamil Nadu.
• Systemic issues within the police force contribute to a culture of violence and impunity.
• Urgent reforms are needed in training, accountability, and the overall approach to policing.

Additional Details

• Pattern of Violence: Ajith Kumar's case is not isolated; it reflects a continuum of custodial deaths, including cases of Vignesh in 2022 and Raja in 2024. These incidents reveal a troubling trend of state-sanctioned violence.
• Normalisation of Force: The prioritization of enforcement over reform leads to systemic brutality. A lack of investment in officer welfare and training exacerbates the problem, resulting in police officers becoming both victims and perpetrators within a flawed system.
• Urgent Reforms: A reallocation of police budgets towards mental health support and trauma-informed training is necessary for both officers and detainees. This shift could transform policing into a more humane service.
• Accountability Mechanisms: Current training for police in India is outdated and needs a complete overhaul to include concepts like ethics and community policing, alongside stronger accountability measures.
• Role of Technology: Implementing tamper-proof CCTV in custody areas can serve as a safeguard against abuse, ensuring accountability for both police and detainees.

In conclusion, the call for justice must be proactive, woven into the fabric of law enforcement policies and training. The tragic deaths of individuals like Ajith Kumar symbolize a failure of the state to protect its citizens and highlight the urgent need for reform in the criminal justice system.

High Security Registration Plates (HSRPs)

Why in News?

Maharashtra’s transport department has made it mandatory for all vehicles to have High Security Registration Plates (HSRPs), with a final enforcement deadline set for August 15.

Key Takeaways

• HSRPs are standardized, tamper-proof number plates required for all vehicles in India.
• Implementation timelines have been set for retrofitting existing vehicles with HSRPs.

Additional Details

• Definition: HSRP is a vehicle number plate designed to be tamper-proof and is mandatory for all vehicles in India.
• Launch: Introduced in 2001 under Rule 50 of the Central Motor Vehicle Rules (CMVR), 1989, and mandated by the Supreme Court in 2012.
• Composition: Made of aluminum, the plate includes security features to prevent counterfeiting and ensure traceability.
• Key Features:
  • Equipped with a non-removable snap lock to prevent tampering or reuse.
  • Contains a laser-etched 10-digit unique identification number linking to the vehicle's registration details.
  • Includes a chromium-based hologram of the Ashoka Chakra to authenticate the plate and prevent duplication.
  • Features retro-reflective film for improved night-time visibility and compatibility with automated detection systems.
  • Has a colour-coded third registration sticker on the windshield, displaying key vehicle information, including engine number, chassis number, and registration number.
  • Embedded with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology for digital tracking by authorities.
• Compliance and Enforcement:
  • HSRPs are mandatory for all vehicles registered after April 1, 2019, per the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) guidelines.
  • Vehicles registered before this date must be retrofitted with HSRPs by deadlines set by state governments.
  • Non-compliance may result in fines of ₹1,000 as per Rule 50 of CMVR and Section 177 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.
  • States are conducting daily enforcement drives to ensure compliance, including issuing fines and directing retrofitting at authorized centers.
  • Authorized zone-wise vendors are available for installation, and vehicle owners must pre-book appointments online for HSRP fitting.

The implementation of HSRPs aims to enhance road safety and reduce vehicle-related crimes, making it crucial for all vehicle owners to comply with the new regulations.

What the ‘Neutral Clean-Up’ of Bihar’s Poll Rolls Really Is?

Why in News?

In recent years, India has seen a significant transformation in the definitions of citizenship, belonging, and democratic participation, particularly regarding documentation and verification in electoral politics. This change is exemplified in Bihar, where the Election Commission of India (ECI) is conducting a Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls that threatens to disenfranchise millions of eligible voters. This bureaucratic exercise, presented as a measure for electoral integrity, poses risks to the constitutional principles of equality, justice, and fraternity.

Key Takeaways

• The SIR in Bihar requires nearly 4.74 crore voters to provide new documentation to prove their eligibility.
• Access to necessary documents such as birth certificates and land deeds is limited, especially for rural and marginalized communities.
• The process disproportionately affects marginalized groups, including migrant workers and the poor.
• Concerns arise regarding the legality and fairness of this revision, especially considering the lack of time and infrastructure to support such a vast verification process.
• This revision may set a precedent for similar processes across other states in India, potentially leading to exclusionary practices in electoral politics.

Additional Details

• Disproportionate Impact: Marginalized communities, including migrants who make up about 20% of Bihar's population, may find it challenging to meet new documentation requirements.
• Legitimacy Issues: The ECI's decision to reject widely accepted government IDs raises questions about the consistency and credibility of its processes.
• The revision has been criticized as a subtler form of gerrymandering, affecting who can vote rather than altering constituency boundaries.
• The ongoing voter roll revision in Bihar is under judicial scrutiny for potentially violating fundamental rights such as the right to vote and equality before the law. 
• If this process continues unchecked, it could disenfranchise large numbers of individuals, distort electoral outcomes, and erode public trust in democratic institutions. The integrity of electoral rolls is not just a technical matter; it is vital for maintaining an inclusive democracy.