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Divakaran GkdEduRev UPSC |
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Divakaran Gkd
EduRev UPSC
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Content, tests & courses saved by you for accessing later. (visible to you only)
Discussed Questions
Example 1:
Consider array has 4 elements and a searching element 16.
A[4]= {10, 16, 22, 25}
The number of iterations are required to search an element by using a binary search= T1Example 2:
Consider array has 4 elements and a searching element 22.
A[4]= {10, 16, 22, 25}
The number of iterations are required to search an element by using a binary search= T2
Note: Searching is successful.Q.Which of the following statement are true?- a)T1 = T2
- b)T1 < T2
- c)T1 >T2
- d)T2 < T1
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Example 1:
Consider array has 4 elements and a searching element 16.
A[4]= {10, 16, 22, 25}
The number of iterations are required to search an element by using a binary search= T1
Consider array has 4 elements and a searching element 16.
A[4]= {10, 16, 22, 25}
The number of iterations are required to search an element by using a binary search= T1
Example 2:
Consider array has 4 elements and a searching element 22.
A[4]= {10, 16, 22, 25}
The number of iterations are required to search an element by using a binary search= T2
Note: Searching is successful.
Consider array has 4 elements and a searching element 22.
A[4]= {10, 16, 22, 25}
The number of iterations are required to search an element by using a binary search= T2
Note: Searching is successful.
Q.Which of the following statement are true?
a)
T1 = T2
b)
T1 < T2
c)
T1 >T2
d)
T2 < T1
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Sankar Sarkar answered • 1 week ago |
Understanding Binary Search Iterations
Binary search is an efficient algorithm used to find an element in a sorted array. The number of iterations required to find an element can vary based on the position of the element being searched.
Example Analysis
- Array Elements: A[4] = {10, 16, 22, 25}
- Searching Element for Example 1: 16
- Searchin... more: 22
Iteration Details
- T1 (Searching for 16):
- Start with the entire array: indexes 0 to 3.
- Middle index = 1 (value = 16).
- Found in 1 iteration.
- T2 (Searching for 22):
- Start with the entire array: indexes 0 to 3.
- Middle index = 1 (value = 16).
- Since 22 > 16, search the right half (indexes 2 to 3).
- New middle index = 2 (value = 22).
- Found in 2 iterations.
Conclusion
- Comparison of Iterations:
- T1 (1 iteration) is less than T2 (2 iterations).
Thus, the statement T1 < /> is correct, making option b the true statement.
Summary of Options
- a) T1 = T2: False
- b) T1 < t2:="" />
- c) T1 > T2: False
- d) T2 < t1:="" />
Understanding the binary search algorithm's mechanics is crucial in determining how many iterations are needed based on the searched element's position.
Binary search is an efficient algorithm used to find an element in a sorted array. The number of iterations required to find an element can vary based on the position of the element being searched.
Example Analysis
- Array Elements: A[4] = {10, 16, 22, 25}
- Searching Element for Example 1: 16
- Searchin... more: 22
Iteration Details
- T1 (Searching for 16):
- Start with the entire array: indexes 0 to 3.
- Middle index = 1 (value = 16).
- Found in 1 iteration.
- T2 (Searching for 22):
- Start with the entire array: indexes 0 to 3.
- Middle index = 1 (value = 16).
- Since 22 > 16, search the right half (indexes 2 to 3).
- New middle index = 2 (value = 22).
- Found in 2 iterations.
Conclusion
- Comparison of Iterations:
- T1 (1 iteration) is less than T2 (2 iterations).
Thus, the statement T1 < /> is correct, making option b the true statement.
Summary of Options
- a) T1 = T2: False
- b) T1 < t2:="" />
- c) T1 > T2: False
- d) T2 < t1:="" />
Understanding the binary search algorithm's mechanics is crucial in determining how many iterations are needed based on the searched element's position.
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Sankar Sarkar upvoted • 3 weeks ago |
In what time a cistern is filled by three pipes of diameter 2cm, 4cm and 6cm respectively. If the time taken by largest pipe to fill the tank is 40 minutes. Amount of water flowing through the pipe is proportional to the diameter of the pipe- a)25.5/7 min
- b)25.3/7 min
- c)23.5/7 min
- d)23.4/7 min
- e)None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In what time a cistern is filled by three pipes of diameter 2cm, 4cm and 6cm respectively. If the time taken by largest pipe to fill the tank is 40 minutes. Amount of water flowing through the pipe is proportional to the diameter of the pipe
a)
25.5/7 min
b)
25.3/7 min
c)
23.5/7 min
d)
23.4/7 min
e)
None of these
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Divey Sethi answered |
Larger the cross-section area less will be time taken by pipe to fill the tank. 36/16 = T/40, T = 90min (for 4 cm pipe)
similarly for 2 cm pipe time taken will be = 360min
Total time = (1/360 + 1/90 + 1/40) = 1/p, so we get P = 25.5/7 minutes
similarly for 2 cm pipe time taken will be = 360min
Total time = (1/360 + 1/90 + 1/40) = 1/p, so we get P = 25.5/7 minutes
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Sankar Sarkar upvoted • Jan 20, 2025 |
During intermediate code generation, we use 3 - address code in which we have 3 forms available:Quadruples, Triples and Indirect Triples.Now, consider the below statements:S1: In Quadruples, statements can be moved around.S2: In Triples, space is not wasted.S3: In Indirect Triples, space is not wasted but access time increases.Which is correct?- a) S1
- b) S2
- c) S3
- d) None of these
Correct answer is option 'A,B,C'. Can you explain this answer?
During intermediate code generation, we use 3 - address code in which we have 3 forms available:
Quadruples, Triples and Indirect Triples.
Now, consider the below statements:
S1: In Quadruples, statements can be moved around.
S2: In Triples, space is not wasted.
S3: In Indirect Triples, space is not wasted but access time increases.
Which is correct?
a)
S1
b)
S2
c)
S3
d)
None of these
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Riverdale Learning Institute answered |
As we know,
S1: It is true, in quadruples, statements can be moved.
S2: In Triples, space is not wasted because the result field is not used.
S3: In Indirect Triples, space is not wasted but access time increases.
Here two memory access is required, that’s why access time is more.
Hence, the correct options are (A), (B) and (C).
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Sankar Sarkar upvoted • Jan 06, 2025 |
Assume the base register contains 32856. The program counter is currently at 25687 memory location. What is the branch address if the address field of the jump instruction contains –30 in the address field and the instruction is designed with the base register addressing modes?- a)32826
- b)25657
- c)32886
- d)25717
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Assume the base register contains 32856. The program counter is currently at 25687 memory location. What is the branch address if the address field of the jump instruction contains –30 in the address field and the instruction is designed with the base register addressing modes?
a)
32826
b)
25657
c)
32886
d)
25717
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Kabir Verma answered |
Effective Address [EA] = [Base register] + Relative value
= 32856 + (-30) = 32826
PC = 32826
Branch address will be 32826.
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Sankar Sarkar upvoted • Oct 26, 2024 |
ANSI stands for __________- a)American National Standards Institute
- b)American National Standard Interface
- c)American Network Standard Interfacing
- d)American Network Security Interrupt
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
ANSI stands for __________
a)
American National Standards Institute
b)
American National Standard Interface
c)
American Network Standard Interfacing
d)
American Network Security Interrupt
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Gate Gurus answered |
ANSI stands for the American National Standards Institute.
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Sankar Sarkar upvoted • Oct 06, 2024 |
An OSPF router receives an LSA. The router checks its sequence number and finds thatthis number is higher than the sequence number it already has. Which two tasks doesthe router perform with the LSA?- a)Ignores the LSA
- b)Adds it to the database
- c)Sends newer LSU update to source router
- d)Floods the LSA to the other routers
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
An OSPF router receives an LSA. The router checks its sequence number and finds thatthis number is higher than the sequence number it already has. Which two tasks doesthe router perform with the LSA?
a)
Ignores the LSA
b)
Adds it to the database
c)
Sends newer LSU update to source router
d)
Floods the LSA to the other routers
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Maulik Iyer answered |
Answer: b
Explanation: An OSPF router receives an LSA. The router checks its sequence number and finds that this number is higher than the sequence number Adds it to the database, Floods the LSA to the other routers.
Explanation: An OSPF router receives an LSA. The router checks its sequence number and finds that this number is higher than the sequence number Adds it to the database, Floods the LSA to the other routers.
Let w= xyz and y refers to the middle portion and |y|>0.What do we call the process of repeating y 0 or more times before checking that they still belong to the language L or not?- a)Generating
- b)Pumping
- c)Producing
- d)None of the mentioned
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Let w= xyz and y refers to the middle portion and |y|>0.What do we call the process of repeating y 0 or more times before checking that they still belong to the language L or not?
a)
Generating
b)
Pumping
c)
Producing
d)
None of the mentioned
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Sankar Sarkar answered • Mar 13, 2024 |
Process of Repeating y before checking language membership
Generating:
- Generating typically refers to creating something new, which may not apply in this context.
Pumping:
- The process of repeating the middle portion y in the string before checking if it belongs to the language is called pumping.
- This process involves taking the middle ... more
Which join refers to join records from the write table that have no matching key in the left table are include in the result set:- a)Left outer join
- b)Right outer join
- c)Full outer join
- d)Half outer join
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which join refers to join records from the write table that have no matching key in the left table are include in the result set:
a)
Left outer join
b)
Right outer join
c)
Full outer join
d)
Half outer join
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Sankar Sarkar answered • Mar 13, 2024 |
Right Outer Join Explanation:
The right outer join, also known as a right join, includes all the records from the right table (write table) and only the matching records from the left table. If there is no match found in the left table, NULL values are filled in for the columns from the left table.
Key Points:
- The right outer join is used to j... more
An automaton that presents output based on previous state or current input:- a)Acceptor
- b)Classifier
- c)Transducer
- d)None of the mentioned.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
An automaton that presents output based on previous state or current input:
a)
Acceptor
b)
Classifier
c)
Transducer
d)
None of the mentioned.
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Sankar Sarkar answered • Mar 13, 2024 |
Transducer
Transducer is an automaton that presents output based on previous state or current input. Let's break down this concept further:
Definition:
- A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy into another. In the context of automata theory, a transducer is a type of machine that transforms input symbols into output symbols.
If we select a string w such that w∈L, and w=xyz. Which of the following portions cannot be an empty string?- a)x
- b)y
- c)z
- d)all of the mentioned
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
If we select a string w such that w∈L, and w=xyz. Which of the following portions cannot be an empty string?
a)
x
b)
y
c)
z
d)
all of the mentioned
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Sankar Sarkar answered • Mar 13, 2024 |
Explanation:
Given: w = xyz, where w ∈ L
Breakdown of w:
- Let w = xyz, where x, y, z are substrings of w.
Portions of w:
- x is the portion before y
- y is the portion in the middle
- z is the portion after y
Reasoning:
Option B (yc):
- The portion y cannot be empty beca... more
With reference of a DPDA, which among the following do we perform from the start state with an empty stack?- a)process the whole string
- b)end in final state
- c)end with an empty stack
- d)all of the mentioned
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
With reference of a DPDA, which among the following do we perform from the start state with an empty stack?
a)
process the whole string
b)
end in final state
c)
end with an empty stack
d)
all of the mentioned
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Sankar Sarkar answered • Mar 13, 2024 |
DPDA Processing from Start State with an Empty Stack
Processing the Whole String:
- In a DPDA, when starting from the initial state with an empty stack, the machine begins processing the input string character by character.
- The DPDA transitions to different states based on the current input symbol and the top of the stack.
- The machine continues processing... more
Which of the following memory medium is not used as main memory system?- a)Magnetic core
- b)Semiconductor
- c)Magnetic tape
- d)Both (a) and (c)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following memory medium is not used as main memory system?
a)
Magnetic core
b)
Semiconductor
c)
Magnetic tape
d)
Both (a) and (c)
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Sankar Sarkar answered • Feb 06, 2024 |
Explanation:
Main memory, also known as primary memory or RAM (Random Access Memory), is a crucial component of a computer system. It is responsible for storing data and instructions that are actively being used by the CPU (Central Processing Unit). There are various types of memory media available, but not all of them are suitable for use as main memory.
Let's analyz... more
Main memory, also known as primary memory or RAM (Random Access Memory), is a crucial component of a computer system. It is responsible for storing data and instructions that are actively being used by the CPU (Central Processing Unit). There are various types of memory media available, but not all of them are suitable for use as main memory.
Let's analyz... more
When a point inside of a tetrahedron (a solid with four triangular surfaces) is connected by straight
lines to its corners, how many (new) internal planes are created with these lines? _____________
Correct answer is '6'. Can you explain this answer?
When a point inside of a tetrahedron (a solid with four triangular surfaces) is connected by straight
lines to its corners, how many (new) internal planes are created with these lines? _____________
lines to its corners, how many (new) internal planes are created with these lines? _____________
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Sankar Sarkar answered • Dec 31, 2023 |
Introduction:
A tetrahedron is a solid geometric shape with four triangular faces. When a point inside the tetrahedron is connected by straight lines to its corners, it creates several new internal planes. In this response, we will explain why the correct answer is 6.
Explanation:
To understand the number of internal planes created, let's break down the process s... more
A tetrahedron is a solid geometric shape with four triangular faces. When a point inside the tetrahedron is connected by straight lines to its corners, it creates several new internal planes. In this response, we will explain why the correct answer is 6.
Explanation:
To understand the number of internal planes created, let's break down the process s... more
Which property of database transaction create an allusion than only 1 transaction is executed in system in spite of more than one transaction is executed in parallel manner?- a)Atomicity
- b)Consistency
- c)Isolation
- d)Durability
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which property of database transaction create an allusion than only 1 transaction is executed in system in spite of more than one transaction is executed in parallel manner?
a)
Atomicity
b)
Consistency
c)
Isolation
d)
Durability
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Sankar Sarkar answered • Oct 21, 2023 |
Isolation
The property of isolation in database transactions ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other, creating the illusion that only one transaction is executed in the system, even though multiple transactions may be executed in parallel. It provides a way to maintain the integrity and consistency of the data in a multi-user environment.
... more
The property of isolation in database transactions ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other, creating the illusion that only one transaction is executed in the system, even though multiple transactions may be executed in parallel. It provides a way to maintain the integrity and consistency of the data in a multi-user environment.
... more
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Sankar Sarkar asked • Jan 20, 2023 |
Directions: The table lists the size of building lots in the Orange Grove subdivision and the people who are planning to build on those lots. For each lot, installation of utilities costs $12,516. The city charges impact fees of $3,879 per lot. There are also development fees of 16.15 cents per square foot of land.
What approximate percentage is the area of the smallest lot listed, as compared to the area of the largest lot?- a)25%
- b)50%
- c)75%
- d)85%
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions: The table lists the size of building lots in the Orange Grove subdivision and the people who are planning to build on those lots. For each lot, installation of utilities costs $12,516. The city charges impact fees of $3,879 per lot. There are also development fees of 16.15 cents per square foot of land.
What approximate percentage is the area of the smallest lot listed, as compared to the area of the largest lot?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
85%
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Sudhir Patel answered |
The smallest lot is 6,699 square feet and the largest lot is 9,004 square feet.
Required percentage = (6699/9004) × 100 = 0.744 × 100 ≈ 75%
Required percentage = (6699/9004) × 100 = 0.744 × 100 ≈ 75%
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Sankar Sarkar asked • Jul 01, 2021 |
A thread is usually defined as a "light weight process" because an operating system (OS) maintains smaller data structures for a thread than for a process. In relation to this, which of the following is TRUE?- a)On per-thread basis, the OS maintains only CPU register state
- b)The OS does not maintain a separate stack for each thread
- c)On per-thread basis, the OS does not maintain virtual memory state
- d)On per-thread basis, the OS maintains only scheduling and accounting information
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
A thread is usually defined as a "light weight process" because an operating system (OS) maintains smaller data structures for a thread than for a process. In relation to this, which of the following is TRUE?
a)
On per-thread basis, the OS maintains only CPU register state
b)
The OS does not maintain a separate stack for each thread
c)
On per-thread basis, the OS does not maintain virtual memory state
d)
On per-thread basis, the OS maintains only scheduling and accounting information
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Sanya Agarwal answered |
Threads share address space of Process. Virtually memory is concerned with processes not with Threads. A thread is a basic unit of CPU utilization, consisting of a program counter, a stack, and a set of registers, (and a thread ID.) As you can see, for a single thread of control - there is one program counter, and one sequence of instructions that can be carried out at any given time and for multi-threaded applications-there are multiple threads within a single process, each having their own program counter, stack and set of registers, but sharing common code, data, and certain structures such as open files.
Option (A): as you can see in the above diagram, NOT ONLY CPU Register but stack and code files, data files are also maintained. So, option (A) is not correct as it says OS maintains only CPU register state.
Option (B): according to option (B), OS does not maintain a separate stack for each thread. But as you can see in above diagram, for each thread, separate stack is maintained. So this option is also incorrect.
Option (C): according to option (C), the OS does not maintain virtual memory state. And It is correct as Os does not maintain any virtual memory state for individual thread.
Option (D): according to option (D), the OS maintains only scheduling and accounting information. But it is not correct as it contains other information like cpu registers stack, program counters, data files, code files are also maintained.
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Sankar Sarkar asked • Jun 15, 2021 |
Consider the following program fragment for reversing the digits in a given integer to obtain a new integer. Let n = D1D2…Dm
int n, rev;
rev = 0;
while (n > 0)
{
rev = rev*10 + n;
n = n/10;
}The loop invariant condition at the end of the ith iteration is: - a)n = D1D2….Dm-i and rev = DmDm-1…Dm-i+1
- b)n = Dm-i+1…Dm-1Dm and rev = Dm-1….D2D1
- c)n != rev
- d)n = D1D2….Dm and rev = DmDm-1…D2D1
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following program fragment for reversing the digits in a given integer to obtain a new integer. Let n = D1D2…Dm
int n, rev;
rev = 0;
while (n > 0)
{
rev = rev*10 + n;
n = n/10;
}
int n, rev;
rev = 0;
while (n > 0)
{
rev = rev*10 + n;
n = n/10;
}
The loop invariant condition at the end of the ith iteration is:
a)
n = D1D2….Dm-i and rev = DmDm-1…Dm-i+1
b)
n = Dm-i+1…Dm-1Dm and rev = Dm-1….D2D1
c)
n != rev
d)
n = D1D2….Dm and rev = DmDm-1…D2D1
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Ravi Singh answered |
We can get it by taking an example like n = 54321. After 2 iterations, rev would be 12 and n would be 543.
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Sankar Sarkar asked • Dec 31, 2020 |
A shopkeeper marked the price of an article by 40% above cost price and gave discount of Rs. 224. On the final amount, he charged 10% tax. In the whole transaction, he earned Rs. 158.6. Find cost price of the article. - a)Rs 750
- b)Rs 760
- c)Rs 744
- d)Rs 757
- e)Rs 748
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
A shopkeeper marked the price of an article by 40% above cost price and gave discount of Rs. 224. On the final amount, he charged 10% tax. In the whole transaction, he earned Rs. 158.6. Find cost price of the article.
a)
Rs 750
b)
Rs 760
c)
Rs 744
d)
Rs 757
e)
Rs 748
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Raksha Mishra answered |
let cost price be Rs. 100x
Marked price = 140 /100 × 100x = Rs 140x
Selling price = Rs (140x − 224)
Selling price after tax = 110/100 × (140x − 224) = Rs (154x − 246.4)
ATQ, 100x + 158.6 = 154x − 246.4
x = 7.5
Cost price of article = 100x = Rs 750
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Sankar Sarkar asked • Jan 03, 2020 |
Stack is useful for implementing- a)Recursion
- b)Breadth first search
- c)Depth first search
- d)Both (a) and (c)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Stack is useful for implementing
a)
Recursion
b)
Breadth first search
c)
Depth first search
d)
Both (a) and (c)
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Athira Choudhary answered |
Stack is used for implementing recursion and depth first search.
For breadth first search, queue is used.
For breadth first search, queue is used.
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Sankar Sarkar asked • Dec 26, 2019 |
Who strips the data frame from the token ring network?- a)Destination station
- b)The first station which wants to transmit next
- c)The sending station
- d)The station next to the destination station
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Who strips the data frame from the token ring network?
a)
Destination station
b)
The first station which wants to transmit next
c)
The sending station
d)
The station next to the destination station
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Shounak Yadav answered |
The station who sending data strips the data frame from the token ring network.
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Sankar Sarkar asked • Dec 21, 2019 |
Using a sequential implementation, it takes a total of 320 ns for each instruction, 300 ns for the combinational logic to complete, and 20 ns to store the result (in a register). This means that a throughput will be about 3.12 millions instructions/second. Assuming you switch to a 3 stage pipeline by splitting the combinational logic into three equal parts and all registers take 20 ns to store results
How long will it take for a single instruction to execute in the pipelined implementation?- a)300 ns
- b)360 ns
- c)100 ns
- d)380 ns
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Using a sequential implementation, it takes a total of 320 ns for each instruction, 300 ns for the combinational logic to complete, and 20 ns to store the result (in a register). This means that a throughput will be about 3.12 millions instructions/second. Assuming you switch to a 3 stage pipeline by splitting the combinational logic into three equal parts and all registers take 20 ns to store results
How long will it take for a single instruction to execute in the pipelined implementation?
a)
300 ns
b)
360 ns
c)
100 ns
d)
380 ns
|
Sushant Nambiar answered |
Pipelined version will take
3 x 100 + 3 x 20 = 360 ns per instruction
3 x 100 + 3 x 20 = 360 ns per instruction
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Sankar Sarkar asked • Dec 13, 2019 |
Consider a 5-bit right shift register each shifting data to the right for every clock pulse. The serial input A is derived by using NAND gates as shown in figure. If the initial content of the counter is 10001 at Q0Q1Q2Q3Q4 by applying the clock signal then after how many clock pulse circuit is back to the initial state?- a)11
- b)12
- c)13
- d)14
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider a 5-bit right shift register each shifting data to the right for every clock pulse. The serial input A is derived by using NAND gates as shown in figure. If the initial content of the counter is 10001 at Q0Q1Q2Q3Q4 by applying the clock signal then after how many clock pulse circuit is back to the initial state?
a)
11
b)
12
c)
13
d)
14
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Sandeep Ghosh answered |
In the right shift register always MSB is the last bit so here Q4 is the MSB.
The table showing the transition is-
Therefore the no of clock pulse is 13.
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Sankar Sarkar asked • Dec 06, 2019 |
Which one of the following statements is FALSE?- a)Packet switching leads to better utilization of bandwidth resources than circuit switching
- b)Packet switching results in less variation in delay than circuit switching
- c)Packet switching requires more per-packet processing than circuit switching
- d)Packet switching can lead to reordering unlike in circuit switching
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following statements is FALSE?
a)
Packet switching leads to better utilization of bandwidth resources than circuit switching
b)
Packet switching results in less variation in delay than circuit switching
c)
Packet switching requires more per-packet processing than circuit switching
d)
Packet switching can lead to reordering unlike in circuit switching
|
Gaurav Verma answered |
- Circuit switching has 3 phase: connection establishment, Data transfer and tear down, while packet switching has only one phase data transfer based on routing,
- Circuit switching has less variation in packets than packet switching.
- Circuit switching send packet in order, while packet switching send out of order, so reordering needs in packet switching.
- In packet ... more
- In circuit switching no packet processing needed at intermediate path routers while in packet switching needed. So, packet switching require more packet processing time than circuit switching.
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Sankar Sarkar asked • Nov 24, 2019 |
Which of the following follow commutative law but not associative law?- a)AND
- b)OR
- c)XOR
- d)NAND
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following follow commutative law but not associative law?
a)
AND
b)
OR
c)
XOR
d)
NAND
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Dhruba Goyal answered |
All gates follow commutative law.
AND, OR, XOR and XNOR follow associative law.
AND, OR, XOR and XNOR follow associative law.
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