Class 12 Subject-Wise Mind Maps for Class 12 (Science)In Class 12, students have the option to choose from a variety of subjects in the Science stream. These subjects include Chemistry, Physics, English, and Biology. Each subject plays a crucial role in shaping a student's understanding and knowledge in the field of Science. Here is a detailed syllabus for each of these subjects:
Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus1. Solid State
- Classification of solids
- Crystal lattice and unit cell
- Packing in solids
- Imperfections in solids
2. Solutions
- Types of solutions
- Expressing concentration
- Henry's law and its applications
- Colligative properties
3. Electrochemistry
- Redox reactions
- Electrochemical cells
- Conductance in electrolytic solutions
- Batteries and fuel cells
4. Chemical Kinetics
- Rate of chemical reactions
- Factors affecting reaction rate
- Integrated rate equations
- Collision theory
5. Surface Chemistry
- Adsorption
- Catalysis
- Colloidal state
- Emulsions and foams
6. General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
- Occurrence of metals
- Extraction of metals
- Refining of metals
- Thermodynamic principles
7. p-Block Elements
- Group 15, 16, 17, and 18 elements
- Preparation, properties, and uses of compounds
- Anomalous properties of the first element of each group
8. d and f Block Elements
- Transition elements
- Lanthanoids and actinoids
- Preparation, properties, and uses of compounds
- Coordination compounds
9. Coordination Compounds
- Werner's theory
- Isomerism in coordination compounds
- Bonding in coordination compounds
- Importance and applications
10. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Nomenclature
- Nature of C-X bond
- Methods of preparation
- Substitution reactions
11. Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
- Classification and nomenclature
- Methods of preparation
- Physical and chemical properties
- Uses of alcohols and phenols
12. Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
- Nomenclature
- Methods of preparation
- Physical and chemical properties
- Uses of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids
13. Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
- Amines
- Cyanides and isocyanides
- Diazonium salts
- Nature and identification of organic compounds
14. Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Enzymes
- Vitamins
15. Polymers
- Classification of polymers
- Polymerization reactions
- Biodegradable polymers
- Plastics and elastomers
16. Chemistry in Everyday Life
- Drugs and their classification
- Chemicals in food
- Cleansing agents
- Rocket propellants and explosives
Class 12 Physics Syllabus1. Electrostatics
- Electric charges and fields
- Gauss's law and its applications
- Electric potential and capacitance
- Capacitors and dielectrics
2. Current Electricity
- Electric current and circuits
- Ohm's law and resistance
- Electrical power and energy
- Kirchhoff's laws and their applications
3. Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
- Magnetic field and field lines
- Biot-Savart law and Ampere's law
- Force on a current-carrying conductor
- Magnetic properties of materials
4. Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
- Faraday's law and Lenz's law
- Self and mutual inductance
- Alternating currents and voltages
- AC generator and transformer
5. Electromagnetic Waves
- Displacement current and electromagnetic waves
- Electromagnetic spectrum and their characteristics
- Electromagnetic waves in communication
- Applications of electromagnetic waves
6. Optics
- Reflection and refraction of light
- Total internal reflection and its applications
- Wave optics and interference
- Optical instruments and their applications
7. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- Photoelectric effect
- Nature of matter waves
- Davisson-Germer experiment
- Applications of matter waves
8. Atoms and Nuclei
- Atomic spectra and Bohr's model of hydrogen atom
- Radioactivity and radioactive decay
- Nuclear fission and fusion
- Applications of radioactivity
9. Electronic Devices
- Semiconductor materials and their properties
- Junction diode and its applications
- Transistors and their characteristics
- Digital electronics and logic gates
10. Communication Systems
- Elements of a communication system
- Modulation and demodulation
- Amplitude modulation and frequency modulation
- Propagation of electromagnetic waves
Class 12 English Syllabus1. Reading Skills
- Comprehension passages
- Note-making and summarizing
- Vocabulary and inference-based questions
- Literary passages for interpretation
2. Writing Skills
- Article writing
- Speech writing
- Report writing
- Formal and informal letters
3. Grammar and Usage
- Transformation of sentences
- Direct and indirect speech
- Active and passive voice
- Error detection and correction
4. Literature
- Prose
- Poetry
- Drama
- Fiction and non-fiction
5. Advanced Writing Skills
- Debate writing
- Interview writing
- Review writing
- Autobiography and biography writing
Class 12 Biology Syllabus1. Reproduction in Organisms
- Asexual and sexual reproduction
- Modes of reproduction in plants and animals
- Reproductive health and contraception
- Assisted reproductive technologies
2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Structure of flowers and their functions
- Pollination and fertilization
- Development of seeds and fruits
- Apomixis and polyembryony
3. Human Reproduction
- Male and female reproductive systems
- Menstrual cycle and fertilization
- Pregnancy and embryonic development
- Birth control methods and sexually transmitted diseases
4. Reproductive Health
- Problems and strategies for reproductive health
- Medical termination of pregnancy
- Sexually transmitted infections
- Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies
5. Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Mendelian inheritance
- Deviations from Mendelism
- Chromosomal theory of inheritance
- Genetic disorders and genetic counseling
6. Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- DNA and RNA structure and function
- Replication, transcription, and translation
- Genetic code and regulation of gene expression
- Human genome project and DNA fingerprinting
7. Evolution
- Origin of life
- Evidences for evolution
- Theories of evolution
- Human evolution and Hardy-Weinberg principle
8. Human Health and Disease
- Common diseases and their causes
- Immunity and immune system disorders
- AIDS and cancer
- Drug abuse and addiction
9. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Plant breeding and tissue culture
- Hybridization and genetic engineering
- Animal husbandry and fishery
- Bee-keeping and poultry farming
10. Microbes in Human Welfare
- Microbes in household products
- Microbes in industrial products
- Microbes in sewage treatment and energy generation
- Microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers
11. Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Tools and techniques in biotechnology
- Recombinant DNA technology and its applications
- Biotechnological applications in agriculture and medicine
- Ethical issues in biotechnology
12. Biotechnology and its Applications
- Genetically modified organisms
- Bioprocessing and fermentation technology
- Transgenic animals and their applications
- Intellectual property rights and biopiracy
13. Organisms and Populations
- Organism and its environment
- Population growth and regulation
- Ecosystem structure and function
- Conservation and management of natural resources
14. Ecosystem
- Structure and function of ecosystems
- Energy flow and nutrient cycling
- Ecological succession and biomes
- Biodiversity and its conservation
15. Biodiversity and Conservation
- Patterns of biodiversity
- Loss of biodiversity and its causes
- Conservation of biodiversity
- Sustainable development and environmental issues
This comprehensive syllabus for Class 12 Science subjects provides students with a clear understanding of the topics covered in each subject. It serves as a guide for students to plan their study schedule and stay organized throughout the academic year.
This course is helpful for the following exams: Class 12