Grade 12 Chemistry SyllabusGrade 12 Atomic Structure- Structure of an atom
- Subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons
- Atomic number and mass number
- Isotopes and their significance
- Electron configuration and energy levels
- Quantum mechanical model of the atom
- Electron orbitals and quantum numbers
Grade 12 Redox and Electrochemistry- Oxidation and reduction reactions
- Balancing redox equations
- Redox reactions in acidic and basic solutions
- Electrochemical cells: galvanic cells and electrolytic cells
- Standard electrode potentials
- Electrolysis and Faraday's laws
- Corrosion and its prevention
Grade 12 Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry- Chemical equations and balancing
- Stoichiometry and mole concept
- Avogadro's number and molar mass
- Empirical and molecular formulas
- Percentage composition and empirical formula determination
- Limiting reactants and percent yield
- Gas laws and ideal gas equation
Grade 12 Chemical Bonding- Types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic
- Lewis dot structures and octet rule
- Ionic compounds and crystal lattice structures
- Covalent bonding and molecular geometry
- VSEPR theory and hybridization
- Intermolecular forces and their effects
Grade 12 States of Matter- Kinetic theory of gases
- Gas laws and their applications
- Deviation from ideal behavior: real gases
- Phase changes and phase diagrams
- Properties of liquids and solids
- Intermolecular forces and their effects on physical properties
Grade 12 Chemical Energetics- Energy changes in chemical reactions
- Enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy
- Hess's Law and enthalpy of formation
- Calorimetry and heat of reaction
- Spontaneity and equilibrium
- Le Chatelier's principle
Grade 12 Equilibria- Chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant
- Le Chatelier's principle and its applications
- Factors affecting equilibrium: temperature, pressure, and concentration
- Acid-base equilibria: pH and pOH calculations
- Solubility equilibria and the common ion effect
- Buffer solutions and their properties
Grade 12 Reaction Kinetics- Reaction rate and rate laws
- Rate constant and order of reaction
- Factors affecting reaction rate: temperature, concentration, and catalysts
- Reaction mechanisms and elementary steps
- Activation energy and Arrhenius equation
- Collision theory and reaction rates
Grade 12 Periodic Table: Chemical Periodicity- Development of the periodic table
- Periodic trends: atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity
- Periodic variations in chemical properties
- Group trends and periodicity
- Periodic classification of elements
Grade 12 Group 2- Alkaline earth metals
- Properties and reactions of Group 2 elements
- Oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates of alkaline earth metals
- Flame tests and identification of Group 2 elements
Grade 12 Group 17- Halogens
- Properties and reactions of Group 17 elements
- Halogen displacement reactions
- Uses and applications of halogens
- Reactivity trends in Group 17
Grade 12 Nitrogen and Sulfur- Nitrogen and its compounds
- Ammonia, nitric acid, and nitrogen fixation
- Sulfur and its compounds
- Preparation and properties of sulfuric acid
- Acid rain and its environmental impact
Grade 12 Chemistry of Transition Elements- Transition metals and their properties
- Complex ions and coordination compounds
- Ligands and coordination number
- Color and magnetism of transition metal complexes
- Catalysts and their role in chemical reactions
Grade 12 Introduction to A Level Organic Chemistry- Organic compounds and their properties
- Functional groups and nomenclature
- Isomerism and structural formulas
- Organic reactions and mechanisms
- Homologous series and functional group interconversion
Grade 12 Hydrocarbons- Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
- Nomenclature of hydrocarbons
- Physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons
- Combustion and substitution reactions
- Addition reactions and polymerization
Grade 12 Halogen Compounds- Halogenated hydrocarbons
- Preparation and properties of haloalkanes and haloarenes
- Nomenclature and reactions of halogen compounds
- Environmental impact of halogenated compounds
Grade 12 Hydroxy Compounds- Alcohols and phenols
- Preparation and properties of alcohols and phenols
- Oxidation and esterification reactions
- Alcohol dehydration and elimination reactions
Grade 12 Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives- Carboxylic acids and their properties
- Nomenclature and reactions of carboxylic acids
- Acid derivatives: esters, amides, and acid chlorides
- Hydrolysis and Fischer esterification
Grade 12 Nitrogen Compounds- Amines and their properties
- Nomenclature and classification of amines
- Reactions of amines: alkylation and acylation
- Biological importance of amines
Grade 12 Polymerisation- Polymerization processes: addition and condensation
- Types of polymers: homopolymers and copolymers
- Polymer properties and applications
- Plastic recycling and environmental impact
Grade 12 Organic Synthesis- Organic synthesis strategies
- Retrosynthetic analysis and functional group interconversion
- Protecting groups and synthetic transformations
- Organic reactions and multi-step syntheses
- Application of organic synthesis in drug discovery
This course is helpful for the following exams: Grade 12