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All questions of Indian Logic and Pramanas for UGC NET Exam
Which of the following are accepted in Buddhism?
A. Adhyasa
B. Apoha
C. Abhava
D. Arthapatti
E. Pratyaiksha
F. SabadaChoose the correct answer from the options given below:- a)A and B only
- b)C and D only
- c)B and E only
- d)E and F only
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following are accepted in Buddhism?
A. Adhyasa
B. Apoha
C. Abhava
D. Arthapatti
E. Pratyaiksha
F. Sabada
A. Adhyasa
B. Apoha
C. Abhava
D. Arthapatti
E. Pratyaiksha
F. Sabada
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a)
A and B only
b)
C and D only
c)
B and E only
d)
E and F only
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JKL Classes answered |
Apoha:
- Apoha refers to the Buddhist “exclusion theory”
- It is a negative process of exclusion
- Apoha or exclusions can be used to explain away universals as the referents of words.
Pratyaksa:
- Pratyaksa means the perception both internal and external.
- The knowledge is perceptible to the eye or visible and recognizable through other sensory organs and the mind.
- Eye, ear, nose, tongue, and skin are the five sensory organs and mine is the sixth one.
What is the sequential order of a comprehensible sentence in Nyaya philosophy
A. Akansha
B. Yogyata
C. Tatparya
D. Sanniddhi
Choose the correct answer from the options given below- a)D, C, B, A
- b)A, B, D, C
- c)C, D, B, A
- d)D, C, A, B
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the sequential order of a comprehensible sentence in Nyaya philosophy
A. Akansha
B. Yogyata
C. Tatparya
D. Sanniddhi
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
A. Akansha
B. Yogyata
C. Tatparya
D. Sanniddhi
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
a)
D, C, B, A
b)
A, B, D, C
c)
C, D, B, A
d)
D, C, A, B
|
Academia Elite answered |
The correct sequential order of a comprehensible sentence in Nyaya philosophy
- Akansha
- Yogyata
- Sanniddhi
- Tatparya
Naya Philosophy:
- It is one of the six systems of Indian philosophy
- Gautama is the main proponent of Naya philosophy
- The four Pramanas of Naya philosophy is perception, inference, analogical reasoning, and testimony.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): As per classical Indian view of logic the argument - 'Sound is quality because it is visible', is fallacious.
Reason (R): As per classical Indian view of logic the argument- 'Sound is quality because it is visible' involves a middle term that cannot by its very nature be present in the minor term.In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.- a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- b)Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
- c)(A) is true but (R) is false.
- d)(A) is false but (R) is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): As per classical Indian view of logic the argument - 'Sound is quality because it is visible', is fallacious.
Reason (R): As per classical Indian view of logic the argument- 'Sound is quality because it is visible' involves a middle term that cannot by its very nature be present in the minor term.
Assertion (A): As per classical Indian view of logic the argument - 'Sound is quality because it is visible', is fallacious.
Reason (R): As per classical Indian view of logic the argument- 'Sound is quality because it is visible' involves a middle term that cannot by its very nature be present in the minor term.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
a)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c)
(A) is true but (R) is false.
d)
(A) is false but (R) is true.
|
|
JKL Classes answered |
- The argument "Sound is quality because it is visible" is fallacious according to the classical Indian view of logic because the middle term "visible" cannot by its very nature be present in the minor term "sound". In other words, it is impossible for something to be both sound and visible.
- This is because, according to the classical Indian view of logic, the middle term in a syllogism must be able to be present in both the major and minor terms. In this case, however, the middle term "visible" cannot be present in the minor term "sound" because sound is not visible.
- Therefore, the argument is fallacious because it violates one of the basic rules of logic.
- The reason (R) correctly explains the assertion (A) because it states that the middle term "visible" cannot by its very nature be present in the minor term "sound". This is the same reason that the argument is fallacious.
Which one of the following is not a sense-organ according to classical Indian school of logic?- a)Manas
- b)Savikalpaka
- c)Caksuh
- d)Srotra
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is not a sense-organ according to classical Indian school of logic?
a)
Manas
b)
Savikalpaka
c)
Caksuh
d)
Srotra
|
|
Advika Nair answered |
Manas, Caksuh, and Srotra as Sense-Organs
- Manas: In classical Indian school of logic, Manas is considered as a sense-organ responsible for the cognition of internal objects. It is responsible for mental perception and processing of thoughts, emotions, and memories.
- Caksuh: Caksuh refers to the sense-organ of vision or eyes. It is responsible for the perception of visual stimuli and helps in forming visual experiences.
- Srotra: Srotra refers to the sense-organ of hearing or ears. It is responsible for the perception of auditory stimuli and helps in processing sound information.
Savikalpaka as Not a Sense-Organ
- Savikalpaka: Savikalpaka is not considered a sense-organ according to classical Indian school of logic. Instead, it refers to the cognitive faculty that is involved in conceptualization, imagination, and inference. It is responsible for forming mental images and engaging in higher cognitive processes.
In conclusion, while Manas, Caksuh, and Srotra are recognized as sense-organs in classical Indian school of logic, Savikalpaka is not considered a sense-organ but rather a cognitive faculty involved in higher mental functions.
- Manas: In classical Indian school of logic, Manas is considered as a sense-organ responsible for the cognition of internal objects. It is responsible for mental perception and processing of thoughts, emotions, and memories.
- Caksuh: Caksuh refers to the sense-organ of vision or eyes. It is responsible for the perception of visual stimuli and helps in forming visual experiences.
- Srotra: Srotra refers to the sense-organ of hearing or ears. It is responsible for the perception of auditory stimuli and helps in processing sound information.
Savikalpaka as Not a Sense-Organ
- Savikalpaka: Savikalpaka is not considered a sense-organ according to classical Indian school of logic. Instead, it refers to the cognitive faculty that is involved in conceptualization, imagination, and inference. It is responsible for forming mental images and engaging in higher cognitive processes.
In conclusion, while Manas, Caksuh, and Srotra are recognized as sense-organs in classical Indian school of logic, Savikalpaka is not considered a sense-organ but rather a cognitive faculty involved in higher mental functions.
Which of the following is arranged in order of increasing denotation ? - a)Cow, bovine, mammal, vertebrate, animal
- b)Mammal, Vertebrate, bovine, animal, cow
- c)Vertebrate, animal, mammal, bovine, cow
- d)Animal, Vertebrate, mammal, bovine, cow
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is arranged in order of increasing denotation ?
a)
Cow, bovine, mammal, vertebrate, animal
b)
Mammal, Vertebrate, bovine, animal, cow
c)
Vertebrate, animal, mammal, bovine, cow
d)
Animal, Vertebrate, mammal, bovine, cow
|
|
JKL Classes answered |
Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the specific object or concept it refers to. As we move from cow to animal, the terms become increasingly broader in their meaning, encompassing more and more things. Here's the breakdown:
- Cow: Refers to a specific type of animal within the Bovidae family.
- Bovine: Refers to the entire family of animals that includes cows, buffaloes, yaks, etc.
- Mammal: Refers to a class of warm-blooded animals that have fur or hair, nurse their young with milk, and give birth to live young. This includes not only cows and other bovines but also humans, elephants, whales, etc.
- Vertebrate: Refers to animals with a backbone, which includes mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, etc. This is even broader than mammal.
- Animal: Refers to any multicellular, eukaryotic organism of the kingdom Animalia, which includes not only vertebrates but also insects, jellyfish, worms, etc. This is the broadest term of all.
Therefore, the order of increasing denotation, from most specific to most general, is cow, bovine, mammal, vertebrate, animal.
The sequential order of syllogism on Nyaya philosophy is
A. Nigmam
B. Udaharana
C. Hetu
D. Upanaya
E. PratigyaChoose the correct answer from the options given below:- a)A, E, C, D, B
- b)E, C, B, D, A
- c)E, B, C, D, A
- d)D, A, B, C, E
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The sequential order of syllogism on Nyaya philosophy is
A. Nigmam
B. Udaharana
C. Hetu
D. Upanaya
E. Pratigya
A. Nigmam
B. Udaharana
C. Hetu
D. Upanaya
E. Pratigya
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a)
A, E, C, D, B
b)
E, C, B, D, A
c)
E, B, C, D, A
d)
D, A, B, C, E
|
|
Academia Elite answered |
Naya Philosophy:
- It is one of the six systems of Indian philosophy
- Gautama is the main proponent of Naya philosophy
- It is a philosophy of atomistic pluralism and logical realism.
- The four Pramanas of Naya philosophy is perception, inference, analogical reasoning, and testimony.
There are five members of Naya syllogism. These are
- Pratigya or proposition: the logical statement which is to be proved
- Hetu or reason: the reason for the establishment of a proposition
- Udaharana: universal concomitance together with an example
- Upanaya: the application of universal concomitance to the present case
- Nigmam: the conclusion is drawn from the preceding proposition
Therefore, option 2 is the correct answer.
Which among the following is not a value as propounded by the Indian traditional concept of Purushartha: - a)Dharma
- b)Artha
- c)Bhakti
- d)Moksha
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which among the following is not a value as propounded by the Indian traditional concept of Purushartha:
a)
Dharma
b)
Artha
c)
Bhakti
d)
Moksha
|
|
JKL Classes answered |
Bhakti is not considered a value as propounded by the Indian traditional concept of Purushartha.
The traditional Purusharthas consist of :
The traditional Purusharthas consist of :
- Dharma (righteousness, moral values),
- Artha (wealth, prosperity),
- Kama (desires, pleasures), and
- Moksha (liberation, salvation).
Bhakti (devotion) is a significant aspect of Indian spirituality and religious practice, but it is not classified as one of the four Purusharthas.
According to the Classical Indian School of logic (Nyãya) which fallacy is committed in the following statement?
"The sky rose is fragrant, because it is a rose like the rose on the earth".
- a)Asādhārana
- b)Bādhita
- c)Āśrayā siddha
- d)Viruddha
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
According to the Classical Indian School of logic (Nyãya) which fallacy is committed in the following statement?
"The sky rose is fragrant, because it is a rose like the rose on the earth".
"The sky rose is fragrant, because it is a rose like the rose on the earth".
a)
Asādhārana
b)
Bādhita
c)
Āśrayā siddha
d)
Viruddha
|
|
Academia Elite answered |
Viruddha: This fallacy, also known as the fallacy of contradiction, happens when the two components of a statement contradict each other. In the given statement, the sky cannot be a rose, and thus the assertion of it being fragrant because it is a rose is contradictory.
Which of the following pramanas are accepted by Vaisheshika philosophy?
A. Pratyaksa
B. Anumana
C. Sabda
D. Upamana
E. Arhapatti
F. AnupalabdhiChoose the correct answer from the options given beow:- a)A and B only
- b)C and D only
- c)E and F only
- d)C and E only
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following pramanas are accepted by Vaisheshika philosophy?
A. Pratyaksa
B. Anumana
C. Sabda
D. Upamana
E. Arhapatti
F. Anupalabdhi
A. Pratyaksa
B. Anumana
C. Sabda
D. Upamana
E. Arhapatti
F. Anupalabdhi
Choose the correct answer from the options given beow:
a)
A and B only
b)
C and D only
c)
E and F only
d)
C and E only
|
|
Academia Elite answered |
Vaisheshika philosophy:
- It is one of the six schools of Indian philosophy
- Kanada Kashyapa was the founder of this school
- The word “Vaisesika” is derived from “Vishesa,” which means “distinction,” or “distinguishing feature,” or “particularity.”
- Vaishesika is a system of pluralistic realism
- It is a system of physics and metaphysics and classifies all objects of experience into six categories
- Dravya
- Guna
- Karma
- Samanya
- Visesa
- Samavaya
- The Vaisesika school admits the reality of spiritual substances, the soul and God, and also the law of Karma
- It is not materialism but it is atomism
- It is independent and has its own logic, epistemology, metaphysics, stereology, and ethics
- Among six pramanas of Hinduism, Vaisheshika philosophy only accepts pratyaksa and anumana.
Consider the following with reference to the Indian School of Logic
A. It is related to form of the argument only
B. It is related to the content of the argument only
C It is related to perceptual knowledge alone
D. It is related to presenting analogies aloneChoose the correct answer from the options given below:- a)A only
- b)B only
- c)Both A and B
- d)Both C and D
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following with reference to the Indian School of Logic
A. It is related to form of the argument only
B. It is related to the content of the argument only
C It is related to perceptual knowledge alone
D. It is related to presenting analogies alone
A. It is related to form of the argument only
B. It is related to the content of the argument only
C It is related to perceptual knowledge alone
D. It is related to presenting analogies alone
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a)
A only
b)
B only
c)
Both A and B
d)
Both C and D
|
|
Academia Elite answered |
Logical reasoning occupies a highly significant position in Indian philosophy. The word ‘Logic’ comes from classical Greek language ‘logos’ originally meaning ‘’to say’ something significant.
- Indian Logic not only involves the form of an argument but also involves the content of the argument. However the subject is grounded, the task of the logician is the same: to advance an account of valid and fallacious inference to allow one to distinguish good from bad arguments.
- Arguments are normally compound defined as a system of at least two premises and a conclusion. every premise but the first is introduced by ‘now’ or ‘but’, and the conclusion by ‘therefore’.
- An argument is valid if the conditional formed with the conjunction of its premises as antecedent and its conclusion as consequent is correct. An argument is ‘sound’ (literally: ‘true’), when in addition to being valid it has true premises.
- A mode of an argument differs from the argument itself by having ordinal numbers taking the place of assertibles.
Hence, the Indian School of Logic is related to the form of the argument as well as the content of the argument.
Chapter doubts & questions for Indian Logic and Pramanas - 3 Months Preparation for UGC NET Paper 1 2025 is part of UGC NET exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the UGC NET exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for UGC NET 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.
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