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Which of the following is also known as the 'father of Kannada'?- a) Pampa
- b) Ponna
- c) Ranna
- d) Harishvara
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is also known as the 'father of Kannada'?
a)
Pampa
b)
Ponna
c)
Ranna
d)
Harishvara
|
Sanskriti Nair answered |
Introduction:
The father of Kannada literature is a title given to the person who is considered the pioneer and originator of the Kannada language. This individual played a crucial role in the development and growth of Kannada as a distinct language and literary tradition. Among the given options, the correct answer is option 'A', Pampa.
Explanation:
Pampa:
- Pampa, also known as Pampa Deva or Adikavi Pampa, is widely regarded as the father of Kannada literature.
- He was a renowned poet and writer who lived in the 10th century during the reign of the Western Chalukya dynasty.
- Pampa's most famous work is the epic poem "Vikramarjuna Vijaya" (also known as "Pampa Bharata" or "Pampa Ramayana").
- This poem is considered the earliest available epic in the Kannada language and is based on the story of the Hindu deity Rama.
- Pampa's literary contributions were significant in shaping the Kannada language and establishing it as a literary medium.
Other Options:
Ponna:
- Ponna was a prominent Kannada poet who lived during the 10th century.
- He is known for his epic poem "Shantipurana" and "Jainapurana," which are considered masterpieces in Kannada literature.
- While Ponna made notable contributions to Kannada literature, he is not referred to as the father of Kannada.
Ranna:
- Ranna was a well-known Kannada poet who lived during the 10th century.
- He is famous for his epic poem "Sahasa Bhima Vijaya," which narrates the adventures of the mythological hero Bhima.
- Ranna's works are highly regarded in Kannada literature, but he is not considered the father of Kannada.
Harishvara:
- Harishvara was a poet who lived during the 12th century.
- He composed the "Gadayuddha," an epic poem based on the Mahabharata.
- Harishvara's contributions to Kannada literature are significant, but he is not recognized as the father of Kannada.
Conclusion:
Among the given options, Pampa is known as the father of Kannada literature. His contributions to Kannada language and literature, particularly through his epic poem "Vikramarjuna Vijaya," are highly esteemed. Pampa's work played a crucial role in the development and promotion of Kannada as a distinct language and literary tradition.
The father of Kannada literature is a title given to the person who is considered the pioneer and originator of the Kannada language. This individual played a crucial role in the development and growth of Kannada as a distinct language and literary tradition. Among the given options, the correct answer is option 'A', Pampa.
Explanation:
Pampa:
- Pampa, also known as Pampa Deva or Adikavi Pampa, is widely regarded as the father of Kannada literature.
- He was a renowned poet and writer who lived in the 10th century during the reign of the Western Chalukya dynasty.
- Pampa's most famous work is the epic poem "Vikramarjuna Vijaya" (also known as "Pampa Bharata" or "Pampa Ramayana").
- This poem is considered the earliest available epic in the Kannada language and is based on the story of the Hindu deity Rama.
- Pampa's literary contributions were significant in shaping the Kannada language and establishing it as a literary medium.
Other Options:
Ponna:
- Ponna was a prominent Kannada poet who lived during the 10th century.
- He is known for his epic poem "Shantipurana" and "Jainapurana," which are considered masterpieces in Kannada literature.
- While Ponna made notable contributions to Kannada literature, he is not referred to as the father of Kannada.
Ranna:
- Ranna was a well-known Kannada poet who lived during the 10th century.
- He is famous for his epic poem "Sahasa Bhima Vijaya," which narrates the adventures of the mythological hero Bhima.
- Ranna's works are highly regarded in Kannada literature, but he is not considered the father of Kannada.
Harishvara:
- Harishvara was a poet who lived during the 12th century.
- He composed the "Gadayuddha," an epic poem based on the Mahabharata.
- Harishvara's contributions to Kannada literature are significant, but he is not recognized as the father of Kannada.
Conclusion:
Among the given options, Pampa is known as the father of Kannada literature. His contributions to Kannada language and literature, particularly through his epic poem "Vikramarjuna Vijaya," are highly esteemed. Pampa's work played a crucial role in the development and promotion of Kannada as a distinct language and literary tradition.
In the context of Ramayana, which of the following are correctly matched?
1. Dharma - religion or righteousness
2. Kama - achievements in the worldly sphere
3. Moksha - liberation from the worldly desires
Choose from the following options.
- a)1 and 2 only
- b)2 and 3 only
- c)All of them
- d)1 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
In the context of Ramayana, which of the following are correctly matched?
1. Dharma - religion or righteousness
2. Kama - achievements in the worldly sphere
3. Moksha - liberation from the worldly desires
Choose from the following options.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
All of them
d)
1 and 3 only
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Dharma - Religion or righteousness Artha -(monetary) Achievements in the worldly sphere the Kama - Fulfilling worldly desires Moksha - Liberation from these desires
Consider the following statements: 1. The Dharmasutras and Dhannashastras contained rules about the ideal occupations of the four vamas.2. Manusmriti held that no one could engage in agriculture and pastoralism apart from Kshatriyas.Which of the above is/are correct? - a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both 1 and 2
- d) None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. The Dharmasutras and Dhannashastras contained rules about the ideal occupations of the four vamas.
2. Manusmriti held that no one could engage in agriculture and pastoralism apart from Kshatriyas.
Which of the above is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both 1 and 2
d)
None
|
Devansh Mukherjee answered |
The correct answer is option 'A' - 1 only.
Explanation:
The Dharmasutras and Dhannashastras were ancient texts in Hinduism that contained rules and guidelines for various aspects of society, including occupation and social status. These texts outlined the duties and responsibilities of individuals belonging to different varnas or social classes.
1. The Dharmasutras and Dhannashastras contained rules about the ideal occupations of the four varnas:
• The varna system, which formed the basis of the social structure in ancient India, divided society into four main varnas - Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and farmers), and Shudras (laborers and servants).
• These texts prescribed specific occupations for individuals belonging to each varna, based on their inherent qualities and abilities. For example, Brahmins were expected to study and teach the Vedas, Kshatriyas were meant to protect the society and rule, Vaishyas were expected to engage in agriculture, trade, and animal husbandry, and Shudras were assigned menial tasks.
• The Dharmasutras and Dhannashastras provided detailed instructions on the duties, rituals, and conduct of individuals belonging to each varna. They emphasized the importance of performing one's prescribed occupation diligently and without seeking to change or move to a different varna.
2. Manusmriti held that no one could engage in agriculture and pastoralism apart from Kshatriyas:
• Manusmriti, also known as the Laws of Manu, is another ancient Hindu legal text that outlines social, moral, and legal principles. It was traditionally attributed to the sage Manu.
• While Manusmriti does mention the occupations of the different varnas, it does not explicitly state that only Kshatriyas can engage in agriculture and pastoralism. It does prescribe specific duties for each varna, but it does not restrict certain occupations to a particular varna.
In conclusion, statement 1 is correct as the Dharmasutras and Dhannashastras did contain rules about the ideal occupations of the four varnas. However, statement 2 is incorrect as Manusmriti does not hold that only Kshatriyas can engage in agriculture and pastoralism.
Explanation:
The Dharmasutras and Dhannashastras were ancient texts in Hinduism that contained rules and guidelines for various aspects of society, including occupation and social status. These texts outlined the duties and responsibilities of individuals belonging to different varnas or social classes.
1. The Dharmasutras and Dhannashastras contained rules about the ideal occupations of the four varnas:
• The varna system, which formed the basis of the social structure in ancient India, divided society into four main varnas - Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and farmers), and Shudras (laborers and servants).
• These texts prescribed specific occupations for individuals belonging to each varna, based on their inherent qualities and abilities. For example, Brahmins were expected to study and teach the Vedas, Kshatriyas were meant to protect the society and rule, Vaishyas were expected to engage in agriculture, trade, and animal husbandry, and Shudras were assigned menial tasks.
• The Dharmasutras and Dhannashastras provided detailed instructions on the duties, rituals, and conduct of individuals belonging to each varna. They emphasized the importance of performing one's prescribed occupation diligently and without seeking to change or move to a different varna.
2. Manusmriti held that no one could engage in agriculture and pastoralism apart from Kshatriyas:
• Manusmriti, also known as the Laws of Manu, is another ancient Hindu legal text that outlines social, moral, and legal principles. It was traditionally attributed to the sage Manu.
• While Manusmriti does mention the occupations of the different varnas, it does not explicitly state that only Kshatriyas can engage in agriculture and pastoralism. It does prescribe specific duties for each varna, but it does not restrict certain occupations to a particular varna.
In conclusion, statement 1 is correct as the Dharmasutras and Dhannashastras did contain rules about the ideal occupations of the four varnas. However, statement 2 is incorrect as Manusmriti does not hold that only Kshatriyas can engage in agriculture and pastoralism.
Which of the following are correctly matched? 1. Dharmasutras - it defines the role of man and women in a society2. Manusmriti - these were the basis of laws governing the subjects of most Hindu kingdoms3. Kautilya's Arthashastra - concentrate on the economic and social conditions of the Mauryan EmpireChoose from the following options.- a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 and 4 only
- c) 3 only
- d) All of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following are correctly matched?
1. Dharmasutras - it defines the role of man and women in a society
2. Manusmriti - these were the basis of laws governing the subjects of most Hindu kingdoms
3. Kautilya's Arthashastra - concentrate on the economic and social conditions of the Mauryan Empire
Choose from the following options.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 4 only
c)
3 only
d)
All of them
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- There were several books written about the sciences and state governance in Sanskrit to benefit the learned men.
- Historians argue that between 500 and 200 BC, several major books on law were written and compiled, which are called the Dharmasutras.
- These were compiled alongside the smritis that are known as Dharmashastras. These are the basis of the laws governing the subjects of most Hindu kingdoms.
- These not only elucidate the rules according to which property could be held, sold or transferred but also elaborated on the punishments for offences ranging from fraud to murder.
- Another major text is Manusmriti (Laws of Manu), which defines man and woman's role in society, their interaction at a social plane, and the code of conduct they were supposed to follow.
- The text is written as a discourse given by Manu, the ancestor of humankind. The Manusmriti might have been written and compiled during 200 BC and 200 AD.
- One of the most famous texts about statecraft from the Mauryan period is Kautilya's Arthashastra. It concentrates on the economic and social conditions of the Mauryan empire.
- The due focus was given to the military strategy, which should be employed by the state. The text mentions that 'Kautilya' or 'Vishnugupta' wrote it.
- Historians argue that both these names were an alias for Chanakya, a learned scholar at Emperor Chandragupta Maurya's court.
The Vedic literature is broadly divided into two categories, viz., Shruti and Smriti. What is the difference between them? 1. Shruti is considered eternal, whereas Smriti is subject to change.2. Smriti philosophy stands in direct opposition or contrast to Shruti philosophy.Which of the above is/are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both 1 and 2
- d) None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The Vedic literature is broadly divided into two categories, viz., Shruti and Smriti. What is the difference between them?
1. Shruti is considered eternal, whereas Smriti is subject to change.
2. Smriti philosophy stands in direct opposition or contrast to Shruti philosophy.
Which of the above is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both 1 and 2
d)
None
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Shruti describes the sacred texts comprising the central canon of Hinduism, viz., Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads.
- Smriti literally means 'which is remembered', and it is the entire body of the post-Vedic era.
- Classical Sanskrit literature comprises Vedanga, Shad Darshana, Puranas, Itihasa, Upveda, Tantras, Agamas and Upangs. There is another post-Vedic class of Sanskrit literature called Epics, which includes the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.
- Shruti means 'which has been heard' and is canonical, consisting of revelation and unquestionable truth, and eternal. It refers mainly to the Vedas themselves.
- Smriti means 'which has been remembered' supplementary and may change over time. It is authoritative only to the extent that it conforms to the bedrock of Shruti.
- However, there is not a distinct divide between Shruti and Smriti. Both Shruti and Smriti can be represented as a continuum, with some texts more canonical than others.
In Sanskrit sources, the usage of the words 'Yona', 'Yauna', 'Yonaka', 'Yavana' or 'Javana' repeatedly appears, and particularly concerning the- a) the southern tip of India that in present-day borders the Mannar coast near Sri Lanka
- b) Vedic ritual sacrifices that were supposed to be performed only by the Emperor
- c) art of building esoteric mandalas in places of spiritual importance
- d) Greek kingdoms, which neighboured and sometimes occupied the Punjab region
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
In Sanskrit sources, the usage of the words 'Yona', 'Yauna', 'Yonaka', 'Yavana' or 'Javana' repeatedly appears, and particularly concerning the
a)
the southern tip of India that in present-day borders the Mannar coast near Sri Lanka
b)
Vedic ritual sacrifices that were supposed to be performed only by the Emperor
c)
art of building esoteric mandalas in places of spiritual importance
d)
Greek kingdoms, which neighboured and sometimes occupied the Punjab region
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- These terms repeatedly appear, particularly concerning the Greek kingdoms, which neighboured or sometimes occupied the Punjab region over several centuries from the fourth century BCE to the first century CE.
- Examples are the Seleucid Empire, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo- Greek Kingdom.
- The Yavanas are mentioned in Sangam literature epics such as Pattinappalai, describing their brisk trade with the early Cholas in the Sangam period.
Which of the following statements regarding Kautilya's Arthashastra is INCORRECT?- a) It was the first Indian text to define 'State'.
- b) It explores issues of social welfare and the collective ethics that hold a society together.
- c) It does not recognise the concept of private land ownership.
- d) All of the above are incorrect.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements regarding Kautilya's Arthashastra is INCORRECT?
a)
It was the first Indian text to define 'State'.
b)
It explores issues of social welfare and the collective ethics that hold a society together.
c)
It does not recognise the concept of private land ownership.
d)
All of the above are incorrect.
|
|
Prerna Dasgupta answered |
Introduction:
Kautilya's Arthashastra is an ancient Indian text written by Chanakya, also known as Kautilya or Vishnugupta. It is a comprehensive treatise on statecraft, politics, economics, and military strategy. It covers a wide range of topics related to governance and administration.
Explanation:
The statement that is incorrect regarding Kautilya's Arthashastra is option 'C', which states that it does not recognize the concept of private land ownership. However, this statement is incorrect because the Arthashastra does recognize and discuss the concept of private land ownership.
Discussion:
1. Definition of 'State':
- The Arthashastra is indeed the first Indian text to define the concept of 'State'. It provides a detailed explanation of the structure and functioning of the State, including the roles and responsibilities of the ruler, ministers, and other administrative officials.
2. Issues of social welfare and collective ethics:
- The Arthashastra extensively explores issues of social welfare and the collective ethics that hold a society together. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining social order, justice, and the welfare of the people. It discusses various policies and measures that a ruler should adopt to promote the well-being of the society.
3. Recognition of private land ownership:
- Contrary to the incorrect statement, the Arthashastra does recognize the concept of private land ownership. It discusses various aspects related to land, such as land revenue, taxation, and land grants. It also provides guidelines for resolving land disputes and ensuring the protection of property rights.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the incorrect statement regarding Kautilya's Arthashastra is option 'C', which claims that it does not recognize the concept of private land ownership. The Arthashastra, in fact, discusses and recognizes private land ownership along with various other aspects of governance and administration.
Kautilya's Arthashastra is an ancient Indian text written by Chanakya, also known as Kautilya or Vishnugupta. It is a comprehensive treatise on statecraft, politics, economics, and military strategy. It covers a wide range of topics related to governance and administration.
Explanation:
The statement that is incorrect regarding Kautilya's Arthashastra is option 'C', which states that it does not recognize the concept of private land ownership. However, this statement is incorrect because the Arthashastra does recognize and discuss the concept of private land ownership.
Discussion:
1. Definition of 'State':
- The Arthashastra is indeed the first Indian text to define the concept of 'State'. It provides a detailed explanation of the structure and functioning of the State, including the roles and responsibilities of the ruler, ministers, and other administrative officials.
2. Issues of social welfare and collective ethics:
- The Arthashastra extensively explores issues of social welfare and the collective ethics that hold a society together. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining social order, justice, and the welfare of the people. It discusses various policies and measures that a ruler should adopt to promote the well-being of the society.
3. Recognition of private land ownership:
- Contrary to the incorrect statement, the Arthashastra does recognize the concept of private land ownership. It discusses various aspects related to land, such as land revenue, taxation, and land grants. It also provides guidelines for resolving land disputes and ensuring the protection of property rights.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the incorrect statement regarding Kautilya's Arthashastra is option 'C', which claims that it does not recognize the concept of private land ownership. The Arthashastra, in fact, discusses and recognizes private land ownership along with various other aspects of governance and administration.
Which of the following is wrong about Upanishads?- a) Upanishad literally means 'approaching and sitting near'.
- b) The texts contain conversations between teachers and students.
- c) These were part of the early Vedic texts.
- d) None.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is wrong about Upanishads?
a)
Upanishad literally means 'approaching and sitting near'.
b)
The texts contain conversations between teachers and students.
c)
These were part of the early Vedic texts.
d)
None.
|
Partho Goyal answered |
Upanishads are a collection of ancient texts that form the basis of Hindu philosophy. They are considered to be the culmination of the Vedas and are highly revered in Hinduism. The correct answer to the question is option 'C', which states that Upanishads were not part of the early Vedic texts. Let's discuss this in detail.
Meaning and Nature of Upanishads:
- Upanishad literally means 'approaching and sitting near'. This term reflects the nature of these texts, which are essentially records of spiritual conversations between teachers (gurus) and students (shishyas).
- The texts contain profound philosophical and metaphysical teachings, often presented in the form of dialogues or discussions.
- Upanishads explore various aspects of human existence, the nature of reality, the self, and the ultimate truth (Brahman).
Relationship with Vedic Texts:
- The Upanishads are not part of the early Vedic texts or the Samhitas, which are the oldest layer of the Vedas.
- The Vedas are a collection of hymns, rituals, and incantations that were primarily concerned with religious and ceremonial practices.
- The Upanishads emerged later as a response to the philosophical and spiritual queries that arose during the Vedic period.
- While the Vedas focus on rituals and external religious practices, the Upanishads delve deeper into the nature of the self, the universe, and the ultimate reality.
Key Features of Upanishads:
- The Upanishads contain profound insights into various philosophical concepts such as karma, dharma, reincarnation, and moksha (liberation).
- They emphasize the importance of self-realization and the realization of the ultimate truth, which is described as Brahman.
- The Upanishads also discuss different paths to spiritual enlightenment, including knowledge (jnana), devotion (bhakti), and meditation (dhyana).
- These texts have greatly influenced not only Hindu philosophy but also other philosophical and spiritual traditions worldwide.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Upanishads are a collection of ancient texts that contain profound spiritual and philosophical teachings. They are not part of the early Vedic texts but emerged later as a response to the deeper existential queries. Upanishads are highly regarded in Hinduism and have had a significant influence on various philosophical and spiritual traditions.
Meaning and Nature of Upanishads:
- Upanishad literally means 'approaching and sitting near'. This term reflects the nature of these texts, which are essentially records of spiritual conversations between teachers (gurus) and students (shishyas).
- The texts contain profound philosophical and metaphysical teachings, often presented in the form of dialogues or discussions.
- Upanishads explore various aspects of human existence, the nature of reality, the self, and the ultimate truth (Brahman).
Relationship with Vedic Texts:
- The Upanishads are not part of the early Vedic texts or the Samhitas, which are the oldest layer of the Vedas.
- The Vedas are a collection of hymns, rituals, and incantations that were primarily concerned with religious and ceremonial practices.
- The Upanishads emerged later as a response to the philosophical and spiritual queries that arose during the Vedic period.
- While the Vedas focus on rituals and external religious practices, the Upanishads delve deeper into the nature of the self, the universe, and the ultimate reality.
Key Features of Upanishads:
- The Upanishads contain profound insights into various philosophical concepts such as karma, dharma, reincarnation, and moksha (liberation).
- They emphasize the importance of self-realization and the realization of the ultimate truth, which is described as Brahman.
- The Upanishads also discuss different paths to spiritual enlightenment, including knowledge (jnana), devotion (bhakti), and meditation (dhyana).
- These texts have greatly influenced not only Hindu philosophy but also other philosophical and spiritual traditions worldwide.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Upanishads are a collection of ancient texts that contain profound spiritual and philosophical teachings. They are not part of the early Vedic texts but emerged later as a response to the deeper existential queries. Upanishads are highly regarded in Hinduism and have had a significant influence on various philosophical and spiritual traditions.
Regarding ancient texts, consider the following statements: 1. The Brahmanas are the law texts under Manusmriti that helped establish the predominance of Brahmana community.2. Upanishads are treatises relating to prayer and sacrificial ceremony.3. Aranyakas are called forest books, and they deal with mysticism.4. Yajurveda deals with music, chanting and medicine.Select the correct answer using the codes below.- a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 3 only
- c) 1, 3 and 4 only
- d) 2 and 4 only
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Regarding ancient texts, consider the following statements:
1. The Brahmanas are the law texts under Manusmriti that helped establish the predominance of Brahmana community.
2. Upanishads are treatises relating to prayer and sacrificial ceremony.
3. Aranyakas are called forest books, and they deal with mysticism.
4. Yajurveda deals with music, chanting and medicine.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
3 only
c)
1, 3 and 4 only
d)
2 and 4 only
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Apart from Vedas, there are other sacred works like the Upanishads, Brahmana, the Aranyakas and the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata.
- The Brahmanas are the work relating to prayer and sacrificial ceremony.
- The Upanishads are philosophical texts, which deal with the soul, the absolute, the origin of the world and the mysteries of nature.
- The Aranyakas are the forest books that deal with rites, mysticism, rituals and sacrifices.
- Yajurveda is a compilation of ritual offering formulas said by a priest while an individual performed ritual actions such as those before the yajna fire.
The Baudhayana Sutras are a group of Vedic Sanskrit texts, which cover 1. statecraft2. dharma3. daily ritual4. mathematicsSelect the correct answer using the codes below.- a) 1, 2 and 3 only
- b) 2, 3 and 4 only
- c) 1 and 4 only
- d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The Baudhayana Sutras are a group of Vedic Sanskrit texts, which cover
1. statecraft
2. dharma
3. daily ritual
4. mathematics
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
a)
1, 2 and 3 only
b)
2, 3 and 4 only
c)
1 and 4 only
d)
1, 2, 3 and 4
|
Sagnik Shah answered |
The correct answer is option 'B' - 2, 3 and 4 only.
Explanation:
The Baudhayana Sutras are a collection of Vedic Sanskrit texts that date back to around the 6th century BCE. They are attributed to the ancient Indian sage Baudhayana. These sutras cover various aspects of ancient Indian society and contain knowledge in different fields. Let's discuss the topics covered by the Baudhayana Sutras:
1. Statecraft: The Baudhayana Sutras do not specifically focus on statecraft. Statecraft refers to the art of governing and managing a state or kingdom. While the Baudhayana Sutras may contain some general principles that can be applied to governance, they do not have a dedicated section on statecraft.
2. Dharma: Dharma, in the Indian context, refers to the moral and ethical principles that govern an individual's conduct and behavior. The Baudhayana Sutras indeed cover the topic of dharma. They provide guidelines for ethical living, social responsibilities, and rules for various aspects of life, including marriage, family, and society.
3. Daily ritual: The Baudhayana Sutras also contain information about daily rituals and religious practices. They provide detailed instructions for performing various rituals, including sacrifices, prayers, and worship. These rituals were an integral part of ancient Indian society and were believed to bring spiritual and material benefits.
4. Mathematics: The Baudhayana Sutras are well-known for their contributions to mathematics. They contain mathematical rules, procedures, and formulas for various calculations. Baudhayana's work in mathematics predates other famous mathematicians like Euclid and Pythagoras. Some of the mathematical concepts covered in the Baudhayana Sutras include geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and fractions.
In conclusion, the Baudhayana Sutras cover the topics of dharma, daily ritual, and mathematics. They do not specifically focus on statecraft. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - 2, 3 and 4 only.
Explanation:
The Baudhayana Sutras are a collection of Vedic Sanskrit texts that date back to around the 6th century BCE. They are attributed to the ancient Indian sage Baudhayana. These sutras cover various aspects of ancient Indian society and contain knowledge in different fields. Let's discuss the topics covered by the Baudhayana Sutras:
1. Statecraft: The Baudhayana Sutras do not specifically focus on statecraft. Statecraft refers to the art of governing and managing a state or kingdom. While the Baudhayana Sutras may contain some general principles that can be applied to governance, they do not have a dedicated section on statecraft.
2. Dharma: Dharma, in the Indian context, refers to the moral and ethical principles that govern an individual's conduct and behavior. The Baudhayana Sutras indeed cover the topic of dharma. They provide guidelines for ethical living, social responsibilities, and rules for various aspects of life, including marriage, family, and society.
3. Daily ritual: The Baudhayana Sutras also contain information about daily rituals and religious practices. They provide detailed instructions for performing various rituals, including sacrifices, prayers, and worship. These rituals were an integral part of ancient Indian society and were believed to bring spiritual and material benefits.
4. Mathematics: The Baudhayana Sutras are well-known for their contributions to mathematics. They contain mathematical rules, procedures, and formulas for various calculations. Baudhayana's work in mathematics predates other famous mathematicians like Euclid and Pythagoras. Some of the mathematical concepts covered in the Baudhayana Sutras include geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and fractions.
In conclusion, the Baudhayana Sutras cover the topics of dharma, daily ritual, and mathematics. They do not specifically focus on statecraft. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - 2, 3 and 4 only.
The Manusmriti is one of the best known legal texts of early India, written in Sanskrit and compiled between second century BCE and second century CE. Consider the following about Manusmrti. 1. It gives equal rights to women on the paternal property and resources.2. It strongly opposes the Vama system.Which of the above is/are incorrect?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both 1 and 2
- d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The Manusmriti is one of the best known legal texts of early India, written in Sanskrit and compiled between second century BCE and second century CE. Consider the following about Manusmrti.
1. It gives equal rights to women on the paternal property and resources.
2. It strongly opposes the Vama system.
Which of the above is/are incorrect?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both 1 and 2
d)
Neither 1 nor 2
|
|
Nishanth Chaudhary answered |
The Manusmriti and Women's Rights
The Manusmriti, also known as the Laws of Manu, is an ancient legal text that provides guidance on various aspects of social and moral conduct in ancient India. It was written in Sanskrit and compiled between the second century BCE and the second century CE. While the Manusmriti is a significant legal text, it is important to note that it reflects the social and cultural norms of the time and may not align with modern perspectives on gender equality.
1. It gives equal rights to women on paternal property and resources.
Incorrect. The Manusmriti does not give equal rights to women on paternal property and resources. In fact, it upholds the patrilineal system in which inheritance and property rights are primarily passed down through male lineage. According to the Manusmriti, sons are given priority in inheritance, and daughters may receive only a limited share of the property. This reflects the patriarchal nature of ancient Indian society, where women generally had limited rights and were considered subordinate to men.
2. It strongly opposes the Varna system.
Incorrect. The Manusmriti does not strongly oppose the Varna system, also known as the caste system. In fact, it provides detailed guidance on the duties and responsibilities of individuals based on their caste. The Manusmriti upholds the hierarchical social order of the Varna system, with Brahmins (priests and scholars) at the top, followed by Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and farmers), and Shudras (laborers and servants). It also mentions rules and regulations for individuals of mixed castes and those considered "untouchables."
Conclusion
In conclusion, both statements are incorrect. The Manusmriti does not give equal rights to women on paternal property and resources, as it upholds the patrilineal system of inheritance. It also does not strongly oppose the Varna system, rather it provides guidelines and regulations for individuals based on their caste. It is essential to understand the historical and cultural context in which the Manusmriti was written and not interpret it as a reflection of modern principles of gender equality or social justice.
The Manusmriti, also known as the Laws of Manu, is an ancient legal text that provides guidance on various aspects of social and moral conduct in ancient India. It was written in Sanskrit and compiled between the second century BCE and the second century CE. While the Manusmriti is a significant legal text, it is important to note that it reflects the social and cultural norms of the time and may not align with modern perspectives on gender equality.
1. It gives equal rights to women on paternal property and resources.
Incorrect. The Manusmriti does not give equal rights to women on paternal property and resources. In fact, it upholds the patrilineal system in which inheritance and property rights are primarily passed down through male lineage. According to the Manusmriti, sons are given priority in inheritance, and daughters may receive only a limited share of the property. This reflects the patriarchal nature of ancient Indian society, where women generally had limited rights and were considered subordinate to men.
2. It strongly opposes the Varna system.
Incorrect. The Manusmriti does not strongly oppose the Varna system, also known as the caste system. In fact, it provides detailed guidance on the duties and responsibilities of individuals based on their caste. The Manusmriti upholds the hierarchical social order of the Varna system, with Brahmins (priests and scholars) at the top, followed by Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and farmers), and Shudras (laborers and servants). It also mentions rules and regulations for individuals of mixed castes and those considered "untouchables."
Conclusion
In conclusion, both statements are incorrect. The Manusmriti does not give equal rights to women on paternal property and resources, as it upholds the patrilineal system of inheritance. It also does not strongly oppose the Varna system, rather it provides guidelines and regulations for individuals based on their caste. It is essential to understand the historical and cultural context in which the Manusmriti was written and not interpret it as a reflection of modern principles of gender equality or social justice.
Mahabharat consists of:
- a)8000 verses
- b)24000 verses
- c)50000 Verses
- d)100000 Verses
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Mahabharat consists of:
a)
8000 verses
b)
24000 verses
c)
50000 Verses
d)
100000 Verses
|
Pooja Shah answered |
Mahabharata:
- The Mahabharata has several versions, but Ved Vyas pens the most popular one, It was written in Sanskrit and initially had 8,800 verses. This version was called Jaya' or the story of victory'.
- After that, several stories were compiled and added to this collection. The number of verses increased to 24,000, and it was renamed as 'Bharata' after the earliest Vedic tribes.
- The current form consists of 1,00,000 verses and is divided into 10 parvas (chapters) with insets in the texts called Itihas Purana (mythical history). The story is based on the conflict between the Kauravas and the Pandavas over the right to claim the throne of Hastinapur.
- The sutradhar of the story is Lord Krishna. The Mahabharata also consists of an important didactical text of Hindus, i.e., the Bhagwat Gita.
- This text is like a concise guide to Hindu religions' philosophical dilemmas and even acts as a guide to humankind in living a righteous life. Most of the text is a dialogue between Lord Krishna and the Pandava prince Arjuna about a man, warrior, and prince's duties.
How was the Kharosthi script written? 1. Right to left2. Left to right3. Upside down4. In capitalSelect the correct answer using the codes below. - a) 1 and 3 only
- b) 1 only
- c) 2 and 4 only
- d) 3 and 4 only
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
How was the Kharosthi script written?
1. Right to left
2. Left to right
3. Upside down
4. In capital
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
a)
1 and 3 only
b)
1 only
c)
2 and 4 only
d)
3 and 4 only
|
Krithika Shah answered |
Overview of Kharosthi Script
The Kharosthi script is an ancient writing system used in parts of present-day Pakistan and northwestern India. It played a crucial role in the history of the region, particularly in relation to Buddhist texts.
Writing Direction
- The Kharosthi script is unique as it is written from right to left.
- This direction is distinct from many other scripts, such as Latin or Devanagari, which are written left to right.
Options Analysis
- Option 1: Right to left - This is correct and aligns with the known characteristics of the Kharosthi script.
- Option 2: Left to right - This is incorrect, as Kharosthi does not follow this writing style.
- Option 3: Upside down - This option holds no relevance to the Kharosthi script's writing direction.
- Option 4: In capital - Kharosthi does not specifically employ capital letters as seen in modern alphabets.
Correct Answer
The correct answer is option b) 1 only. This reflects the accurate characteristic of the Kharosthi script, verifying that it is written right to left.
Conclusion
Understanding the direction of Kharosthi script is essential for appreciating its historical context and its role in ancient communication. This feature distinguishes it from many modern writing systems.
The Kharosthi script is an ancient writing system used in parts of present-day Pakistan and northwestern India. It played a crucial role in the history of the region, particularly in relation to Buddhist texts.
Writing Direction
- The Kharosthi script is unique as it is written from right to left.
- This direction is distinct from many other scripts, such as Latin or Devanagari, which are written left to right.
Options Analysis
- Option 1: Right to left - This is correct and aligns with the known characteristics of the Kharosthi script.
- Option 2: Left to right - This is incorrect, as Kharosthi does not follow this writing style.
- Option 3: Upside down - This option holds no relevance to the Kharosthi script's writing direction.
- Option 4: In capital - Kharosthi does not specifically employ capital letters as seen in modern alphabets.
Correct Answer
The correct answer is option b) 1 only. This reflects the accurate characteristic of the Kharosthi script, verifying that it is written right to left.
Conclusion
Understanding the direction of Kharosthi script is essential for appreciating its historical context and its role in ancient communication. This feature distinguishes it from many modern writing systems.
Which of the following works are associated with Jainism?1. Kalpasutra2. Niyamsara3. SilappadikaramChoose from the following options.- a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) All of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following works are associated with Jainism?
1. Kalpasutra
2. Niyamsara
3. Silappadikaram
Choose from the following options.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of them
|
Ishani Singh answered |
Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that originated in the 6th century BCE. It is known for its emphasis on non-violence, truth, and asceticism. Jainism has a rich literary tradition, and several important works are associated with this religion.
The correct answer is option 'D' - All of them. Let's discuss each work in detail:
1. Kalpasutra:
- The Kalpasutra is a sacred Jain text that describes the life of Lord Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara (spiritual teacher) of Jainism.
- It is written in Ardhamagadhi Prakrit language and is considered one of the most important texts in Jain literature.
- The Kalpasutra contains biographical accounts of Mahavira's life, his teachings, and his disciples.
- It also includes rules and regulations for monks and nuns, known as the Jain monastic code (Sallekhana).
- The text is divided into three parts: the lives of the Tirthankaras, the life of Mahavira, and the lives of his disciples.
2. Niyamsara:
- Niyamsara is a philosophical treatise written by Acharya Kundakunda, an important Jain scholar and philosopher.
- It is written in Ardhamagadhi Prakrit language and is considered one of the most influential texts in Jain philosophy.
- Niyamsara explores various aspects of Jain doctrine, including the nature of the soul, the concept of karma, and the path to liberation (moksha).
- The text provides a comprehensive understanding of the Jain worldview and is highly revered by Jain scholars.
3. Silappadikaram:
- Silappadikaram is a Tamil epic that is not directly associated with Jainism. It is primarily associated with the Sangam literature, a collection of ancient Tamil literature.
- However, some scholars argue that Silappadikaram contains Jain influences and references.
- The epic tells the story of Kannagi, a chaste woman who seeks justice for her husband's wrongful execution.
- It explores various themes such as love, justice, and the consequences of one's actions.
In conclusion, all three works - Kalpasutra, Niyamsara, and Silappadikaram - are associated with Jainism. While Kalpasutra and Niyamsara are explicitly Jain texts, Silappadikaram, though not directly associated with Jainism, is sometimes seen as having Jain influences.
The correct answer is option 'D' - All of them. Let's discuss each work in detail:
1. Kalpasutra:
- The Kalpasutra is a sacred Jain text that describes the life of Lord Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara (spiritual teacher) of Jainism.
- It is written in Ardhamagadhi Prakrit language and is considered one of the most important texts in Jain literature.
- The Kalpasutra contains biographical accounts of Mahavira's life, his teachings, and his disciples.
- It also includes rules and regulations for monks and nuns, known as the Jain monastic code (Sallekhana).
- The text is divided into three parts: the lives of the Tirthankaras, the life of Mahavira, and the lives of his disciples.
2. Niyamsara:
- Niyamsara is a philosophical treatise written by Acharya Kundakunda, an important Jain scholar and philosopher.
- It is written in Ardhamagadhi Prakrit language and is considered one of the most influential texts in Jain philosophy.
- Niyamsara explores various aspects of Jain doctrine, including the nature of the soul, the concept of karma, and the path to liberation (moksha).
- The text provides a comprehensive understanding of the Jain worldview and is highly revered by Jain scholars.
3. Silappadikaram:
- Silappadikaram is a Tamil epic that is not directly associated with Jainism. It is primarily associated with the Sangam literature, a collection of ancient Tamil literature.
- However, some scholars argue that Silappadikaram contains Jain influences and references.
- The epic tells the story of Kannagi, a chaste woman who seeks justice for her husband's wrongful execution.
- It explores various themes such as love, justice, and the consequences of one's actions.
In conclusion, all three works - Kalpasutra, Niyamsara, and Silappadikaram - are associated with Jainism. While Kalpasutra and Niyamsara are explicitly Jain texts, Silappadikaram, though not directly associated with Jainism, is sometimes seen as having Jain influences.
Which of the following works are associated with Kashmir?1. Rajatrangani2. Katha Sarit SagarChoose from the following options.- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following works are associated with Kashmir?
1. Rajatrangani
2. Katha Sarit Sagar
Choose from the following options.
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Although literature in Sanskrit was not as predominant in the medieval period, some excellent works were composed in Rajasthan and Kashmir.
- Two of the most notable works from medieval Kashmir are Kalhan's Rajatarangani which gives a detailed account of Kashmir and Somadeva's kings Katha-Sarit-Sagar is a poetic work. Shriharsha's Naishadhiya Charithram.
Consider the following statements about Jain Agamas. 1. They are said to be originally compiled by the Gandharas2. This text is important for DigambarasWhich of these statements are not correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about Jain Agamas.
1. They are said to be originally compiled by the Gandharas
2. This text is important for Digambaras
Which of these statements are not correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Jyoti Mehta answered |
Jain Agamas are a collection of religious texts that are considered sacred by the Jain community. These texts contain the teachings and principles of Jainism and are highly revered by Jain followers. In this question, we are given two statements about Jain Agamas and asked to identify which statement is not correct.
Statement 1: They are said to be originally compiled by the Gandharas.
The Gandharas were a group of people who were associated with the compilation and preservation of Jain texts. They were responsible for the oral transmission of the teachings of Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, and eventually compiled these teachings into written texts, which became known as the Jain Agamas. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.
Statement 2: This text is important for Digambaras.
Digambara is one of the two major sects of Jainism, the other being Svetambara. The Digambara sect believes in the complete nudity of monks and nuns and follows a more ascetic lifestyle. The Digambaras do not consider the Jain Agamas as their sacred texts. They believe that these texts were lost over time and only the essence of the teachings remains. Instead, they rely on commentaries and other scriptures for guidance. Therefore, statement 2 is incorrect.
Based on the analysis above, we can conclude that the correct answer is option B, i.e., statement 2 only is not correct. The Jain Agamas are indeed said to be originally compiled by the Gandharas, but they are not considered important texts by the Digambara sect. It is important to note that the Svetambara sect, on the other hand, considers the Jain Agamas as their primary scriptures and follows them diligently.
In summary, the Jain Agamas are a collection of sacred texts in Jainism, compiled by the Gandharas. While they hold great importance for the Svetambara sect, the Digambara sect does not consider them as their sacred texts.
Statement 1: They are said to be originally compiled by the Gandharas.
The Gandharas were a group of people who were associated with the compilation and preservation of Jain texts. They were responsible for the oral transmission of the teachings of Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, and eventually compiled these teachings into written texts, which became known as the Jain Agamas. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.
Statement 2: This text is important for Digambaras.
Digambara is one of the two major sects of Jainism, the other being Svetambara. The Digambara sect believes in the complete nudity of monks and nuns and follows a more ascetic lifestyle. The Digambaras do not consider the Jain Agamas as their sacred texts. They believe that these texts were lost over time and only the essence of the teachings remains. Instead, they rely on commentaries and other scriptures for guidance. Therefore, statement 2 is incorrect.
Based on the analysis above, we can conclude that the correct answer is option B, i.e., statement 2 only is not correct. The Jain Agamas are indeed said to be originally compiled by the Gandharas, but they are not considered important texts by the Digambara sect. It is important to note that the Svetambara sect, on the other hand, considers the Jain Agamas as their primary scriptures and follows them diligently.
In summary, the Jain Agamas are a collection of sacred texts in Jainism, compiled by the Gandharas. While they hold great importance for the Svetambara sect, the Digambara sect does not consider them as their sacred texts.
Consider the following statements. 1. The Jatakas form the basis of Jain Canonical literature2. Angas and upangas are written in PaliWhich of these statements are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. The Jatakas form the basis of Jain Canonical literature
2. Angas and upangas are written in Pali
Which of these statements are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- The Jatakas are the best example of Buddhist non-canonical literature. These are a compilation of the stories from the previous births of Buddha.
- The stories of the Bodhisattva or the (future) would-be Buddha are also discussed in these Jatakas. Although these stories propagate Buddhist religious doctrines, they are available in Sanskrit and Pali. Each story of the birth of the Buddha is equivalent to a Jataka tale.
- It was believed that Buddha passed through 550 births before he was born as Gautama. These tales combine the popular tales, ancient mythology, and socio-political conditions in North India between 600 BC and 200 BC.
- The great epic Buddhacharita by Aswaghosha (78 A.D.) is another example of Buddhist literature in Sanskrit. Another major religion, Jainism, produced texts in Prakrit. They form the basis of the Jain canonical literature.
- Some of the Jain texts were also written in Sanskrit like the Upamitibhava Prapancha Katha of Siddharasi (906 A.D.). The most important Jain texts written in Prakrit are the Angas, the Upangas and the Parikramas. Apart from these, the Chhedab Sutra and the Malasutra are also considered sacred by the Jains.
Consider the following statements. 1. Hitopadesh is written by Vishnu Sharma2. Fable, unlike the parable, features the human characterWhich of these statements are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements.
1. Hitopadesh is written by Vishnu Sharma
2. Fable, unlike the parable, features the human character
Which of these statements are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Sanchita Gupta answered |
The given statements are as follows:
1. Hitopadesh is written by Vishnu Sharma.
2. Fable, unlike the parable, features the human character.
The correct answer is option 'D', neither of them.
Let's analyze each statement one by one:
1. Hitopadesh is written by Vishnu Sharma:
This statement is incorrect. Hitopadesh, also known as Panchatantra, is a collection of ancient Indian fables that were written by Vishnu Sharma. It is a compilation of moral stories that teach valuable lessons through animal characters. Therefore, statement 1 is false.
2. Fable, unlike the parable, features the human character:
This statement is incorrect. A fable is a short story that uses animals or inanimate objects as characters to convey a moral lesson. On the other hand, a parable is a simple story that illustrates a moral or religious lesson and typically features human characters. Thus, statement 2 is also false.
Both statements are incorrect. Hitopadesh is written by Vishnu Sharma, and fables do not necessarily feature human characters.
Consider the following statements about Upnishads. 1. There are generally the first part of the Vedas2. They are also called the VedangasWhich of these statements are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 Only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about Upnishads.
1. There are generally the first part of the Vedas
2. They are also called the Vedangas
Which of these statements are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 Only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Kajal Chopra answered |
Explanation:
1. Introduction
The correct answer is option D, which states that neither of the statements is correct.
2. Explanation of the statements:
- Statement 1: The statement that Upanishads are generally the first part of the Vedas is incorrect. Upanishads are actually considered the concluding part of the Vedas. They are philosophical texts that explore the nature of reality, the self, and the ultimate truth.
- Statement 2: The statement that Upanishads are also called the Vedangas is incorrect. Vedangas are actually a different set of texts that are considered auxiliary to the study of the Vedas. They include subjects like phonetics, grammar, and ritual.
3. Conclusion
In conclusion, both statements are incorrect. Upanishads are not the first part of the Vedas but rather the concluding part, and they are not the same as Vedangas. It is important to have a clear understanding of these distinctions when studying Vedic literature.
Bhartrhari, fifth century CE, was a Sanskrit writer to whom two influential Sanskrit texts are accredited, Vakyapadiya. It deals with- a) Sanskrit grammar and linguistic philosophy.
- b) social hierarchy in Hinduism.
- c) laities wrote divine poetry.
- d) theories of creation and dissolution.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Bhartrhari, fifth century CE, was a Sanskrit writer to whom two influential Sanskrit texts are accredited, Vakyapadiya. It deals with
a)
Sanskrit grammar and linguistic philosophy.
b)
social hierarchy in Hinduism.
c)
laities wrote divine poetry.
d)
theories of creation and dissolution.
|
|
Dhruv Yadav answered |
Explanation:
Vakyapadiya:
- Bhartrhari is credited with the influential Sanskrit text called Vakyapadiya.
- This text primarily deals with Sanskrit grammar and linguistic philosophy.
Sanskrit Grammar:
- Vakyapadiya delves into the intricacies of Sanskrit grammar, providing insights into the structure and rules of the language.
- It explores various aspects of language such as syntax, semantics, and phonetics.
Linguistic Philosophy:
- Bhartrhari's Vakyapadiya also delves into linguistic philosophy, discussing the nature of language and its role in communication and cognition.
- The text explores concepts such as the relationship between language and thought, the power of words, and the nature of linguistic meaning.
Significance:
- Vakyapadiya is highly regarded in the field of linguistics and has had a significant influence on subsequent linguistic and philosophical thought in India.
- It continues to be studied and referenced by scholars interested in Sanskrit grammar and linguistic philosophy.
In conclusion, Bhartrhari's Vakyapadiya is an important Sanskrit text that delves into Sanskrit grammar and linguistic philosophy, providing valuable insights into the structure of language and its philosophical implications.
Vakyapadiya:
- Bhartrhari is credited with the influential Sanskrit text called Vakyapadiya.
- This text primarily deals with Sanskrit grammar and linguistic philosophy.
Sanskrit Grammar:
- Vakyapadiya delves into the intricacies of Sanskrit grammar, providing insights into the structure and rules of the language.
- It explores various aspects of language such as syntax, semantics, and phonetics.
Linguistic Philosophy:
- Bhartrhari's Vakyapadiya also delves into linguistic philosophy, discussing the nature of language and its role in communication and cognition.
- The text explores concepts such as the relationship between language and thought, the power of words, and the nature of linguistic meaning.
Significance:
- Vakyapadiya is highly regarded in the field of linguistics and has had a significant influence on subsequent linguistic and philosophical thought in India.
- It continues to be studied and referenced by scholars interested in Sanskrit grammar and linguistic philosophy.
In conclusion, Bhartrhari's Vakyapadiya is an important Sanskrit text that delves into Sanskrit grammar and linguistic philosophy, providing valuable insights into the structure of language and its philosophical implications.
Who is the author of the Sanskrit work 'Mattavilasa Prahasana'? - a) Mahendravarman I
- b) Narasimhavarman I
- c) Rajasimha
- d) Mahendravarman II
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Who is the author of the Sanskrit work 'Mattavilasa Prahasana'?
a)
Mahendravarman I
b)
Narasimhavarman I
c)
Rajasimha
d)
Mahendravarman II
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Mahendravarman I followed Jainism in the early part of his career. Later he converted to Shaivism by the influence of a Shaiva saint, Thirunavukkarasar alias Appar. He built a Shiva temple at Tiruvadi.
- He assumed some titles like Satyasandha, Gunabhara, Chettakari (builder of temples) Chitrakarapuli, Mattavilasa and Viehitiaehitta.
- He was a great builder of cave temples, and the Mandagappattu inscription hails him as Vichitrachitta who constructed a temple for Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva without the use of timber, bricks, metal and mortar.
- His rock-cut temples are found in a number of places like Mahendravadi, Vallam, Dalavanur, Mandagappattu, Pallavaram, and Tiruchirappalli.
- He authored the Sanskrit work Mattavilasa Prahasana. His title Chitrakarapuli reveals his talent in painting.
- He is also an expert in music. The music inscription at Kudumianmalai is ascribed to him. Hence, option (a) is correct.
The Surya Siddhanta composed in the early fifth and sixth century AD was an influential work dealing with - a) concept of sine angle
- b) role of Sun's energy in the evolution of life on earth
- c) declaration of Sun as the supreme soul of the universe
- d) formation of a solar system
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The Surya Siddhanta composed in the early fifth and sixth century AD was an influential work dealing with
a)
concept of sine angle
b)
role of Sun's energy in the evolution of life on earth
c)
declaration of Sun as the supreme soul of the universe
d)
formation of a solar system
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Some of the early and very significant developments of trigonometry were in India. Influential works from the fourth and fifth century, known as the Siddhanta's (of which there were five, the most important of which is the Surya Siddhanta), first defined the sine as the modem relationship between half an angle and half a chord, while also defining the cosine, versine, and inverse sine.
- Soon afterwards, another Indian mathematician and astronomer, Aiyabhatta (476-550 AD), collected and expanded upon the developments of the Siddhantas in an important work called the Aryabhatiya.
Which of the following literature was written during the time of the Mauryan empire? 1. Mudrarakshasa2. Arthsashtra3. IndicaSelect the right code- a) 2 and 3
- b) 1 and 2
- c) 1 and 3
- d) All of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following literature was written during the time of the Mauryan empire?
1. Mudrarakshasa
2. Arthsashtra
3. Indica
Select the right code
a)
2 and 3
b)
1 and 2
c)
1 and 3
d)
All of them
|
|
Preethi Kumar answered |
The correct answer is option A) 2 and 3.
During the time of the Mauryan Empire, which existed from 322 BCE to 185 BCE, two significant literary works were written - Arthashastra and Indica.
1. Arthashastra:
Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy. It was written by Kautilya, also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta, who was a scholar and advisor to the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. The Arthashastra covers a wide range of topics related to governance, administration, economics, law, diplomacy, and warfare. It provides detailed instructions on how to establish and manage an efficient and prosperous kingdom. The work is considered one of the oldest and most comprehensive treatises on political science and governance.
2. Indica:
Indica is a historical and ethnographic account of India written by the Greek historian Megasthenes during his stay at the Mauryan court. Megasthenes was appointed as the ambassador of Seleucus I Nicator, the king of the Seleucid Empire, to the court of Chandragupta Maurya. In Indica, he provides valuable insights into the political, social, and cultural aspects of Mauryan India. The work describes the administration, economy, society, religion, and customs of the Mauryan Empire. Although the original text of Indica has been lost, fragments and references to it by later writers have provided a glimpse into the ancient Indian society.
3. Mudrarakshasa:
The Mudrarakshasa is a Sanskrit play written by Vishakhadatta, believed to have been composed in the 9th century CE. It is not directly associated with the Mauryan Empire as it is set during the time of the Nanda dynasty, which preceded the Mauryan Empire. The play depicts the clever political maneuvers and intrigues that took place during that period.
To summarize, the literature written during the time of the Mauryan Empire includes Arthashastra and Indica. These works provide valuable insights into the political, economic, and social aspects of ancient India under the Mauryan rule.
During the time of the Mauryan Empire, which existed from 322 BCE to 185 BCE, two significant literary works were written - Arthashastra and Indica.
1. Arthashastra:
Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy. It was written by Kautilya, also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta, who was a scholar and advisor to the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. The Arthashastra covers a wide range of topics related to governance, administration, economics, law, diplomacy, and warfare. It provides detailed instructions on how to establish and manage an efficient and prosperous kingdom. The work is considered one of the oldest and most comprehensive treatises on political science and governance.
2. Indica:
Indica is a historical and ethnographic account of India written by the Greek historian Megasthenes during his stay at the Mauryan court. Megasthenes was appointed as the ambassador of Seleucus I Nicator, the king of the Seleucid Empire, to the court of Chandragupta Maurya. In Indica, he provides valuable insights into the political, social, and cultural aspects of Mauryan India. The work describes the administration, economy, society, religion, and customs of the Mauryan Empire. Although the original text of Indica has been lost, fragments and references to it by later writers have provided a glimpse into the ancient Indian society.
3. Mudrarakshasa:
The Mudrarakshasa is a Sanskrit play written by Vishakhadatta, believed to have been composed in the 9th century CE. It is not directly associated with the Mauryan Empire as it is set during the time of the Nanda dynasty, which preceded the Mauryan Empire. The play depicts the clever political maneuvers and intrigues that took place during that period.
To summarize, the literature written during the time of the Mauryan Empire includes Arthashastra and Indica. These works provide valuable insights into the political, economic, and social aspects of ancient India under the Mauryan rule.
Consider the following classical Sanskrit literature and their subject matters: 1. Mricchakatika: social drama2. Meghaduta: war between nations3. Panchatantra: politics and practical wisdomSelect the correct answer using the codes below. - a) 2 and 3 only
- b) 1 and 3 only
- c) 2 only
- d) 1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following classical Sanskrit literature and their subject matters:
1. Mricchakatika: social drama
2. Meghaduta: war between nations
3. Panchatantra: politics and practical wisdom
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
a)
2 and 3 only
b)
1 and 3 only
c)
2 only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
|
Debolina Bose answered |
Explanation:
Mricchakatika:
- Mricchakatika is a classical Sanskrit play written by Shudraka, focusing on social drama.
- The play revolves around the lives of various characters, their relationships, and the societal norms and customs of the time.
Meghaduta:
- Meghaduta is a famous Sanskrit poem written by Kalidasa, which narrates the story of a Yaksha who is separated from his beloved.
- The poem describes the Yaksha's plea to a passing cloud to carry a message to his beloved, highlighting themes of love and longing.
- It does not primarily focus on the war between nations, making option c incorrect.
Panchatantra:
- Panchatantra is an ancient Indian collection of interrelated animal fables, focusing on politics and practical wisdom.
- The stories in Panchatantra are designed to impart moral values and practical knowledge through the use of animal characters and their interactions.
- The fables often revolve around themes such as leadership, governance, diplomacy, and decision-making, making it closely related to politics and practical wisdom.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B) 1 and 3 only, as Mricchakatika deals with social drama and Panchatantra focuses on politics and practical wisdom.
Consider the following statements about Brahmanas.1. They are part of the Hindu sruti literature2. Each Veda has a Brahmana attached to it3. Tandya mahabrahmana accompanies Yajur VedaWhich of these statements are correct?- a)1 only
- b)All of them
- c)1 and 3 only
- d)2 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about Brahmanas.
1. They are part of the Hindu sruti literature
2. Each Veda has a Brahmana attached to it
3. Tandya mahabrahmana accompanies Yajur Veda
Which of these statements are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
All of them
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
2 and 3 only
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
Brahmanas:
- The Brahmanas are part of the Hindu sruti (revealed knowledge) literature. Each Veda has Brahmana attached to it, essentially a collection of texts with commentaries the particular Veda.
- They are usually a mixture of legends, facts, philosophy and detailed explanations of Vedic rituals. They also consist of instructions as to how to conduct rituals and enunciate the science of sacrifice properly.
- They also explain the symbolic significance of the sacred words used in the rituals. Although historians disagree on the Brahmanas' dating, it is usually pegged to be composed and compiled between 900-700 BC.
- As mentioned above, each Veda has its accompanying Brahmana.
Consider the following statements: 1. Mudrarakshasa was a play written in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta.2. It was written during the Mauryan Period.3. It describes the overthrow of Nandas by Chandragupta Maurya.Which of the above statement/s is/are correct?- a) Only 1 and 3
- b) Only 1
- c) Only 3
- d) All of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. Mudrarakshasa was a play written in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta.
2. It was written during the Mauryan Period.
3. It describes the overthrow of Nandas by Chandragupta Maurya.
Which of the above statement/s is/are correct?
a)
Only 1 and 3
b)
Only 1
c)
Only 3
d)
All of them
|
Suyash Dasgupta answered |
Correct answer: a) Only 1 and 3
Explanation:
The Mudrarakshasa is a play written in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta. It is an important historical drama that provides insights into the political events of ancient India. Let's analyze each statement to understand why options 1 and 3 are correct.
1. Mudrarakshasa was a play written in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta:
This statement is correct. The Mudrarakshasa is indeed a play written in Sanskrit. It is considered one of the masterpieces of ancient Indian literature. The author of this play is Vishakhadatta, who was a renowned playwright of ancient India.
2. It was written during the Mauryan Period:
This statement is incorrect. The Mudrarakshasa was not written during the Mauryan Period. It was written in the 8th century CE, which is much later than the Mauryan Period. The Mauryan Period refers to the time when the Mauryan Empire, under the rule of Chandragupta Maurya and later his successors, was at its peak. This period is generally considered to have lasted from 322 BCE to 185 BCE.
3. It describes the overthrow of Nandas by Chandragupta Maurya:
This statement is correct. The Mudrarakshasa depicts the political events surrounding the overthrow of the Nanda dynasty by Chandragupta Maurya. It portrays the rise of Chandragupta Maurya, who later became the founder of the Mauryan Empire. The play highlights the strategic alliances, conspiracies, and power struggles that led to the downfall of the Nanda dynasty and the establishment of the Mauryan Empire.
In conclusion, only statements 1 and 3 are correct. The Mudrarakshasa is a play written in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta, and it describes the overthrow of the Nandas by Chandragupta Maurya.
Explanation:
The Mudrarakshasa is a play written in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta. It is an important historical drama that provides insights into the political events of ancient India. Let's analyze each statement to understand why options 1 and 3 are correct.
1. Mudrarakshasa was a play written in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta:
This statement is correct. The Mudrarakshasa is indeed a play written in Sanskrit. It is considered one of the masterpieces of ancient Indian literature. The author of this play is Vishakhadatta, who was a renowned playwright of ancient India.
2. It was written during the Mauryan Period:
This statement is incorrect. The Mudrarakshasa was not written during the Mauryan Period. It was written in the 8th century CE, which is much later than the Mauryan Period. The Mauryan Period refers to the time when the Mauryan Empire, under the rule of Chandragupta Maurya and later his successors, was at its peak. This period is generally considered to have lasted from 322 BCE to 185 BCE.
3. It describes the overthrow of Nandas by Chandragupta Maurya:
This statement is correct. The Mudrarakshasa depicts the political events surrounding the overthrow of the Nanda dynasty by Chandragupta Maurya. It portrays the rise of Chandragupta Maurya, who later became the founder of the Mauryan Empire. The play highlights the strategic alliances, conspiracies, and power struggles that led to the downfall of the Nanda dynasty and the establishment of the Mauryan Empire.
In conclusion, only statements 1 and 3 are correct. The Mudrarakshasa is a play written in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta, and it describes the overthrow of the Nandas by Chandragupta Maurya.
Histories of the Gupta rulers have been reconstructed from literature, coins and inscriptions. Consider the following statements about the Gupta rule in India:1. Banabhatta composed the Prayaga Prashasti (also known as the Allahabad pillar inscription).2. Banabhatta was the court poet of Samudragupta.3. The Prayaga Prashasti was composed in praise of Samudragupta in Prakrit language.Which of the above is/are incorrect? - a) 1 and 2 Only
- b) 1 and 3 Only
- c) 2 and 3 Only
- d) All the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Histories of the Gupta rulers have been reconstructed from literature, coins and inscriptions. Consider the following statements about the Gupta rule in India:
1. Banabhatta composed the Prayaga Prashasti (also known as the Allahabad pillar inscription).
2. Banabhatta was the court poet of Samudragupta.
3. The Prayaga Prashasti was composed in praise of Samudragupta in Prakrit language.
Which of the above is/are incorrect?
a)
1 and 2 Only
b)
1 and 3 Only
c)
2 and 3 Only
d)
All the above
|
|
Suyash Dasgupta answered |
Banabhatta composed the Prayaga Prashasti (also known as the Allahabad pillar inscription).
Consider the following statements: 1. Most of the Ashokan inscriptions were in the Greek language, while those in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent were in Aramaic and Prakrit.2. Ashokan inscriptions were written in both Prakrit and Brahmi scripts.Which of the above is/are correct? - a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both 1 and 2
- d) None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. Most of the Ashokan inscriptions were in the Greek language, while those in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent were in Aramaic and Prakrit.
2. Ashokan inscriptions were written in both Prakrit and Brahmi scripts.
Which of the above is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both 1 and 2
d)
None
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Many of them were in Prakrit, but in the northwest direction, one could find Aramaic and Greek languages.
- The Aramaic and Greek scripts were used for inscriptions in Afghanistan.
- James Prinsep, an officer in the East India Company's mint, deciphered Brahmi and Kharosthi, two scripts used in the earliest inscriptions and coins.
- This gave a new direction to investigations into early Indian political history.
Consider the following statements: 1. Among ancient religious texts, the term 'Sati' has been used most frequently in Vedas.2. The Vishnu Parana and Padma Purana cite instances of 'Sati'.3. Early writers on Smriti such as Vasistha and Yajnavalkya have given extensive commentary on the grave issue of Sati.Select the correct answer using the codes below. - a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 1 and 3 only
- c) 2 only
- d) 1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. Among ancient religious texts, the term 'Sati' has been used most frequently in Vedas.
2. The Vishnu Parana and Padma Purana cite instances of 'Sati'.
3. Early writers on Smriti such as Vasistha and Yajnavalkya have given extensive commentary on the grave issue of Sati.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
1 and 3 only
c)
2 only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Sati is not featured directly in the earliest religious texts and is referred to infrequently in the later literature leading up to the Christian era. The first instance of Sati can be traced back only to the fourth century BCE.
- The Vishnu Parana, the Padma Purana, the Bhagavata and the Brahma Purana also cite instances of Sati, thus indicating that the institution was slowly emerging in our society between AD 400 and 600.
- Other early writers on Smriti, i.e., texts on codes of conduct, such as Vasistha or Yajnavalkya, have not spoken on the issue of Sati let alone endorse or recommend the custom.
- Vasistha allows the remarriage of women in certain unusual circumstances, such as a husband who is insane.
- However, rather than allowing remarriage, Yajnavalkya prescribes the duties of a widow.
Vamsa is associated with:- a) The creation of the universe
- b) The periodic cycle of destruction and Recreation
- c) Dynamic histories of Kings
- d) None of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Vamsa is associated with:
a)
The creation of the universe
b)
The periodic cycle of destruction and Recreation
c)
Dynamic histories of Kings
d)
None of them
|
Zara Khan answered |
Sarga -The creation of the universe
Pratisarga - The periodic cycle of destruction and recreation
Manvantra -The periods of Manu's lifetime
Vamsa -Genealogies of solar and lunar dynasties of Gods and sages Vamshanucharita -Dynastic histories of kings.
Consider the following statements about Sama Veda. 1. The focus of this Veda is on worldly prosperity and natural beauty2. It has also been called the book of ChantsWhich of these statements are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about Sama Veda.
1. The focus of this Veda is on worldly prosperity and natural beauty
2. It has also been called the book of Chants
Which of these statements are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
Sama Veda:
- Sama Veda has been named after 'Saman' (melody), concentrating on melody or songs.
- While the entire text has 1875 hymns, historians argue that 75 are original and the rest have been taken from the Sakala branch of the Rig Veda.
- It consists of hymns, detached verses and 16,000 ragas (musical notes) and raginis. Because of the lyrical nature of the text, it has also been called the book of chants'. It also shows us how Indian music has developed in the Vedic period.
Which of the following dramas were written by Harshavardhan?1. Ratnavali2. Nagananda3. PriyadarsikaChoose from the following options.- a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) All of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following dramas were written by Harshavardhan?
1. Ratnavali
2. Nagananda
3. Priyadarsika
Choose from the following options.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of them
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Ratnavali (about the love story of princess Ratnavali, daughter of the king of Ceylon and king Udayana. We find here, the mention of the celebration of Holi for the first time).
- Nagananda (story of how prince Jimutavahana gives up his own body to stop serpents' sacrifice to the divine Garuda one unique character in this drama is an invocation to Lord Buddha in the Nandi verse).
- Priyadarsika (union of Udayana and Priyadarshika, daughter of King Dridhavarman)
Consider the following statements: 1. Arunachal Pradesh finds mention in the literature of Kalika Purana and Mahabharata.2. Bihar finds mention in the Vedas and Puranas.3. Chhattisgarh, known as Dakshin- Kausal, finds mention in Ramayana and Mahabharata.Select the correct answer using the codes below.- a) 1 and 3 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1, 2 and 3
- d) None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. Arunachal Pradesh finds mention in the literature of Kalika Purana and Mahabharata.
2. Bihar finds mention in the Vedas and Puranas.
3. Chhattisgarh, known as Dakshin- Kausal, finds mention in Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
a)
1 and 3 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1, 2 and 3
d)
None of the above
|
|
Suyash Dasgupta answered |
Explanation:
Statement 1: Arunachal Pradesh finds mention in the literature of Kalika Purana and Mahabharata.
- The Kalika Purana is one of the eighteen Mahapuranas, a genre of ancient Indian texts. It is dedicated to the goddess Kali and provides information about various places of pilgrimage in India.
- The Mahabharata is an ancient Indian epic that narrates the story of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pandava princes. It contains descriptions of various regions and kingdoms of ancient India.
- Both the Kalika Purana and the Mahabharata mention Arunachal Pradesh, which indicates that it has a historical and cultural significance dating back to ancient times.
Statement 2: Bihar finds mention in the Vedas and Puranas.
- The Vedas are the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism, composed between 1500 and 500 BCE. They contain hymns, rituals, and philosophical teachings.
- The Puranas are a genre of ancient Indian texts that contain myths, legends, genealogies, and cosmology. They were composed between 300 and 1500 CE.
- Bihar is mentioned in both the Vedas and the Puranas, indicating its historical and cultural importance in ancient times.
Statement 3: Chhattisgarh, known as Dakshin-Kausal, finds mention in Ramayana and Mahabharata.
- The Ramayana is an ancient Indian epic that narrates the story of Prince Rama and his quest to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. It provides descriptions of various regions and kingdoms of ancient India.
- The Mahabharata also mentions Chhattisgarh as Dakshin-Kausal, which indicates its presence and significance during the time period of the epic.
Conclusion:
All three statements are correct. Arunachal Pradesh is mentioned in the Kalika Purana and Mahabharata, Bihar is mentioned in the Vedas and Puranas, and Chhattisgarh is known as Dakshin-Kausal and finds mention in the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Statement 1: Arunachal Pradesh finds mention in the literature of Kalika Purana and Mahabharata.
- The Kalika Purana is one of the eighteen Mahapuranas, a genre of ancient Indian texts. It is dedicated to the goddess Kali and provides information about various places of pilgrimage in India.
- The Mahabharata is an ancient Indian epic that narrates the story of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pandava princes. It contains descriptions of various regions and kingdoms of ancient India.
- Both the Kalika Purana and the Mahabharata mention Arunachal Pradesh, which indicates that it has a historical and cultural significance dating back to ancient times.
Statement 2: Bihar finds mention in the Vedas and Puranas.
- The Vedas are the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism, composed between 1500 and 500 BCE. They contain hymns, rituals, and philosophical teachings.
- The Puranas are a genre of ancient Indian texts that contain myths, legends, genealogies, and cosmology. They were composed between 300 and 1500 CE.
- Bihar is mentioned in both the Vedas and the Puranas, indicating its historical and cultural importance in ancient times.
Statement 3: Chhattisgarh, known as Dakshin-Kausal, finds mention in Ramayana and Mahabharata.
- The Ramayana is an ancient Indian epic that narrates the story of Prince Rama and his quest to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. It provides descriptions of various regions and kingdoms of ancient India.
- The Mahabharata also mentions Chhattisgarh as Dakshin-Kausal, which indicates its presence and significance during the time period of the epic.
Conclusion:
All three statements are correct. Arunachal Pradesh is mentioned in the Kalika Purana and Mahabharata, Bihar is mentioned in the Vedas and Puranas, and Chhattisgarh is known as Dakshin-Kausal and finds mention in the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Which of the following statements are correct concerning the writings of Harappan people?1. The Harappans used ideograms, i.e., a graphic symbol or character to convey the idea directly.2. Some inscriptions are thought to have followed the boustrophedonic style.3. The inscriptions are thought to have been mostly written from left to right.Select from the codes given below. - a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) All of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements are correct concerning the writings of Harappan people?
1. The Harappans used ideograms, i.e., a graphic symbol or character to convey the idea directly.
2. Some inscriptions are thought to have followed the boustrophedonic style.
3. The inscriptions are thought to have been mostly written from left to right.
Select from the codes given below.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of the above
|
Pranavi Nair answered |
Writings of Harappan People
Introduction:
The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was a Bronze Age civilization that existed from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. One of the most intriguing aspects of this civilization is their script, which has not yet been deciphered. However, some information on the Harappan script has been gathered through archaeological findings.
Ideograms:
One of the ways in which the Harappans conveyed ideas through their script was by using ideograms. Ideograms are graphic symbols or characters that directly convey an idea. For example, a drawing of a person with a shovel could represent the concept of farming or digging.
Boustrophedonic Style:
The boustrophedonic style is a type of writing in which the text is written in alternating lines from left to right and right to left. Some inscriptions found in Harappan sites are thought to have followed this style. This is evident from the fact that the direction of the script changes after every line.
Left to Right Writing:
While some inscriptions follow the boustrophedonic style, others are thought to have been mostly written from left to right. This means that the text was written in a continuous line from left to right, without any changes in direction.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Harappan script remains undeciphered, but some information on it has been gathered through archaeological findings. The Harappans used ideograms to convey ideas directly, and some inscriptions followed the boustrophedonic style. However, others were written from left to right in a continuous line.
Introduction:
The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was a Bronze Age civilization that existed from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. One of the most intriguing aspects of this civilization is their script, which has not yet been deciphered. However, some information on the Harappan script has been gathered through archaeological findings.
Ideograms:
One of the ways in which the Harappans conveyed ideas through their script was by using ideograms. Ideograms are graphic symbols or characters that directly convey an idea. For example, a drawing of a person with a shovel could represent the concept of farming or digging.
Boustrophedonic Style:
The boustrophedonic style is a type of writing in which the text is written in alternating lines from left to right and right to left. Some inscriptions found in Harappan sites are thought to have followed this style. This is evident from the fact that the direction of the script changes after every line.
Left to Right Writing:
While some inscriptions follow the boustrophedonic style, others are thought to have been mostly written from left to right. This means that the text was written in a continuous line from left to right, without any changes in direction.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Harappan script remains undeciphered, but some information on it has been gathered through archaeological findings. The Harappans used ideograms to convey ideas directly, and some inscriptions followed the boustrophedonic style. However, others were written from left to right in a continuous line.
Consider the following statements about Aranyakas: 1. They are the concluding portions of the several Brahmanas.2. They mainly deal with sacrificial techniques and Karma-Kandas.3. These were works to be read in the villages instead of 'Brahmanas' text that must be read in the forests.4. There is no Aranyaka which belongs to the Atharvaveda.Select the correct answer using the codes below. - a) 1 and 4 only
- b) 1 and 2 only
- c) 3 only
- d) 1, 3 and 4 only
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about Aranyakas:
1. They are the concluding portions of the several Brahmanas.
2. They mainly deal with sacrificial techniques and Karma-Kandas.
3. These were works to be read in the villages instead of 'Brahmanas' text that must be read in the forests.
4. There is no Aranyaka which belongs to the Atharvaveda.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
a)
1 and 4 only
b)
1 and 2 only
c)
3 only
d)
1, 3 and 4 only
|
|
Deepika Ahuja answered |
Aranyakas
Introduction:
Aranyakas are a collection of ancient Indian texts that belong to the Vedic period. They are considered to be the concluding portions of the Brahmanas, which are themselves a part of the Vedic literature. Aranyakas are associated with the forest-dwelling hermitage and are considered to be the link between the ritualistic Brahmanas and the speculative Upanishads.
Statements:
1. They are the concluding portions of the several Brahmanas.
2. They mainly deal with sacrificial techniques and Karma-Kandas.
3. These were works to be read in the villages instead of 'Brahmanas' text that must be read in the forests.
4. There is no Aranyaka which belongs to the Atharvaveda.
Explanation:
Let's analyze each statement and determine its correctness.
1. They are the concluding portions of the several Brahmanas.
- This statement is correct. Aranyakas are considered to be the concluding portions of the Brahmanas. Brahmanas are prose texts that provide explanations and interpretations of the Vedic rituals. Aranyakas, being the concluding portions, focus more on philosophical and spiritual aspects.
2. They mainly deal with sacrificial techniques and Karma-Kandas.
- This statement is incorrect. Aranyakas do not primarily focus on sacrificial techniques and Karma-Kandas. Instead, they delve into more philosophical and speculative topics. They contain discussions on meditation, symbolism, and spiritual interpretation of rituals.
3. These were works to be read in the villages instead of 'Brahmanas' text that must be read in the forests.
- This statement is incorrect. The distinction between the Aranyakas and the Brahmanas lies in their intended audience and location of study. The Brahmanas are meant to be studied in settled communities, while the Aranyakas are intended for forest-dwelling hermits. Therefore, the 'Brahmanas' text is associated with the villages, not the Aranyakas.
4. There is no Aranyaka which belongs to the Atharvaveda.
- This statement is correct. Unlike the other three Vedas (Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda), which have Aranyakas associated with them, the Atharvaveda does not have any Aranyaka. The Atharvaveda primarily consists of hymns and spells.
Conclusion:
Based on the analysis, statements 1 and 4 are correct, while statements 2 and 3 are incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is option A) 1 and 4 only.
Introduction:
Aranyakas are a collection of ancient Indian texts that belong to the Vedic period. They are considered to be the concluding portions of the Brahmanas, which are themselves a part of the Vedic literature. Aranyakas are associated with the forest-dwelling hermitage and are considered to be the link between the ritualistic Brahmanas and the speculative Upanishads.
Statements:
1. They are the concluding portions of the several Brahmanas.
2. They mainly deal with sacrificial techniques and Karma-Kandas.
3. These were works to be read in the villages instead of 'Brahmanas' text that must be read in the forests.
4. There is no Aranyaka which belongs to the Atharvaveda.
Explanation:
Let's analyze each statement and determine its correctness.
1. They are the concluding portions of the several Brahmanas.
- This statement is correct. Aranyakas are considered to be the concluding portions of the Brahmanas. Brahmanas are prose texts that provide explanations and interpretations of the Vedic rituals. Aranyakas, being the concluding portions, focus more on philosophical and spiritual aspects.
2. They mainly deal with sacrificial techniques and Karma-Kandas.
- This statement is incorrect. Aranyakas do not primarily focus on sacrificial techniques and Karma-Kandas. Instead, they delve into more philosophical and speculative topics. They contain discussions on meditation, symbolism, and spiritual interpretation of rituals.
3. These were works to be read in the villages instead of 'Brahmanas' text that must be read in the forests.
- This statement is incorrect. The distinction between the Aranyakas and the Brahmanas lies in their intended audience and location of study. The Brahmanas are meant to be studied in settled communities, while the Aranyakas are intended for forest-dwelling hermits. Therefore, the 'Brahmanas' text is associated with the villages, not the Aranyakas.
4. There is no Aranyaka which belongs to the Atharvaveda.
- This statement is correct. Unlike the other three Vedas (Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda), which have Aranyakas associated with them, the Atharvaveda does not have any Aranyaka. The Atharvaveda primarily consists of hymns and spells.
Conclusion:
Based on the analysis, statements 1 and 4 are correct, while statements 2 and 3 are incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is option A) 1 and 4 only.
Consider the following statements about Didactic Text. 1. The writer intends to enhance and sustain the interest and inquisitiveness of the readers about the topic2. It is the most common type of prose and is used mostly in story writing and novelsWhich of these statements are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about Didactic Text.
1. The writer intends to enhance and sustain the interest and inquisitiveness of the readers about the topic
2. It is the most common type of prose and is used mostly in story writing and novels
Which of these statements are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Debanshi Desai answered |
Explanation:
This statement is incorrect because didactic text is not intended to enhance and sustain the interest and inquisitiveness of the readers about the topic. Instead, the purpose of didactic text is to educate or instruct the readers about a particular subject. It is meant to convey a specific message or provide information in a direct and straightforward manner. Didactic text is often used in textbooks, manuals, and instructional materials.
2. It is the most common type of prose and is used mostly in story writing and novels
This statement is also incorrect. Didactic text is not the most common type of prose, as it is more focused on imparting knowledge or teaching a lesson rather than entertaining the readers. While didactic elements can be found in various forms of literature, such as fables, parables, and allegories, it is not the primary approach used in storytelling or novel writing.
In summary, neither of the statements is correct. Didactic text is not intended to enhance and sustain the interest of the readers, and it is not the most common type of prose used in story writing and novels.
This statement is incorrect because didactic text is not intended to enhance and sustain the interest and inquisitiveness of the readers about the topic. Instead, the purpose of didactic text is to educate or instruct the readers about a particular subject. It is meant to convey a specific message or provide information in a direct and straightforward manner. Didactic text is often used in textbooks, manuals, and instructional materials.
2. It is the most common type of prose and is used mostly in story writing and novels
This statement is also incorrect. Didactic text is not the most common type of prose, as it is more focused on imparting knowledge or teaching a lesson rather than entertaining the readers. While didactic elements can be found in various forms of literature, such as fables, parables, and allegories, it is not the primary approach used in storytelling or novel writing.
In summary, neither of the statements is correct. Didactic text is not intended to enhance and sustain the interest of the readers, and it is not the most common type of prose used in story writing and novels.
Consider the following regarding Varahamihira: 1. He contributed to trigonometry by improving sine tables of Aryabhatta.2. His Pancha Siddhantika is a treatise on five precepts of a pious life.3. According to Varahmihira's works, he was educated in Kapitthaka.Select the correct answer using the codes below. - a) 1 and 2 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 only
- d) 1 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following regarding Varahamihira:
1. He contributed to trigonometry by improving sine tables of Aryabhatta.
2. His Pancha Siddhantika is a treatise on five precepts of a pious life.
3. According to Varahmihira's works, he was educated in Kapitthaka.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
a)
1 and 2 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 only
d)
1 and 3 only
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Varahamihira made some important mathematical discoveries. Among these are certain trigonometric formulae:
(a) Sine tables were his other important contribution to trigonometry, where he improved those of Aryabhatta I by giving more accurate values.
(b) The accuracy was very important for the Indian mathematicians, since they were computing sine tables for astrology and astronomy applications.
- The Pancha Siddhantika (The Five Astronomical Canons) dated 575 AD was the most famous work by Varahamihira.
(a) This work gives us information about older Indian texts, which are now lost.
(b) It is a treatise on mathematical astronomy and it summarises five earlier astronomical treatises, namely, the Surya, Romaka, Paulisa, Vasistha and Paitamaha Siddhantas.
- Varahamihira was educated in Kapitthaka. He worked at Ujjain, which was an important centre for mathematics since around 400 AD. The school of mathematics at Ujjain gained prominence due to Varahamihira working there and it continued to be one of the two leading mathematical centres in India, and Brahmagupta as its next major figure.
Consider the following statements and choose the appropriate option: 1. Purusha Sukta describes the sacrifice of Purusha, the primaeval man. It says that all the elements of the universe were supposed to have emanated from his body.2. Purusha Sukta is a part of Rigveda.3. The rule that Kshatriyas were supposed to engage in warfare, protect people and administer justice, study the Vedas, get sacrifices, and make gifts is given in the Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras.Which of the above is/are correct? - a) 1 only
- b) 1 and 3 only
- c) 2 and 3 only
- d) All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements and choose the appropriate option:
1. Purusha Sukta describes the sacrifice of Purusha, the primaeval man. It says that all the elements of the universe were supposed to have emanated from his body.
2. Purusha Sukta is a part of Rigveda.
3. The rule that Kshatriyas were supposed to engage in warfare, protect people and administer justice, study the Vedas, get sacrifices, and make gifts is given in the Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras.
Which of the above is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
1 and 3 only
c)
2 and 3 only
d)
All of the above
|
|
Suyash Dasgupta answered |
Purusha Sukta:
The Purusha Sukta is a hymn from the Rigveda, an ancient Hindu scripture. It describes the sacrifice of Purusha, the primaeval man, and explains the origins of the universe. According to this hymn, all elements of the universe are believed to have emanated from the body of Purusha. This concept highlights the interconnectedness of all living beings and the divine nature of creation.
Rigveda:
The Purusha Sukta is indeed a part of the Rigveda, which is the oldest and most important of the four Vedas. The Rigveda is composed of a collection of hymns, prayers, and rituals that were recited during ancient Vedic ceremonies. It contains a wealth of knowledge about various aspects of life, including spirituality, rituals, cosmology, and social codes.
Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras:
The Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras are ancient Hindu texts that provide guidelines for righteous living and societal order. They outline the duties and responsibilities of individuals based on their social status or varna. According to these texts, Kshatriyas, who belong to the warrior class, have specific obligations. These include engaging in warfare to protect the people, administering justice, studying the Vedas, performing sacrifices, and making charitable gifts.
Correct Option:
The correct option is 'D' - All of the above.
The first statement correctly describes the Purusha Sukta and its explanation of the origins of the universe. The second statement correctly identifies the Purusha Sukta as a part of the Rigveda. The third statement accurately mentions the responsibilities of Kshatriyas as given in the Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras.
By choosing option 'D', all the correct statements are included, providing a comprehensive understanding of the Purusha Sukta, its source in the Rigveda, and the duties of Kshatriyas as outlined in the Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras.
Which of the following Ancient Indian texts contains references to hydrological concepts and principles?1. Vedas2. Puranas3. Meghmala4. Nirmala SanhitaSelect the correct answer using the codes below. - a) 1, 2 and 3 only
- b) 3 and 4 only
- c) 2 and 4 only
- d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following Ancient Indian texts contains references to hydrological concepts and principles?
1. Vedas
2. Puranas
3. Meghmala
4. Nirmala Sanhita
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
a)
1, 2 and 3 only
b)
3 and 4 only
c)
2 and 4 only
d)
1, 2, 3 and 4 only
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Reading ancient Indian literature suggests that those people knew the basic concepts of measurements and hydrological processes. The concepts of modern hydrology are scattered in various Vedas, Puranas, Mahabharata, Meghmala, Mayur Chitraka, Brihat Samhita and other ancient Indian works. For example, the important concepts, on which the modem science of hydrology is founded, are scattered in Vedas in various verses, which are in the form of prayers and hymns addressed to various deities.
Consider the following statements: 1. Prakrit is in the genesis of modern Indian languages.2. Kabir criticised use of Sanskrit.Which of the above is/are true - a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both 1 and 2
- d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. Prakrit is in the genesis of modern Indian languages.
2. Kabir criticised use of Sanskrit.
Which of the above is/are true
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both 1 and 2
d)
Neither 1 nor 2
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Around 1000 AD, local differences in Prakrit grew more and more pronounced, which later became known as Apabhramsa. This led to the modern Indian languages taking shape and being born.
- These languages, conditioned by the regional, linguistic and ethnic environment, assumed different linguistic characteristics.
- The conception of bhakti did away with the elite tradition of Sanskrit and accepted the more acceptable language of the common man.
- Kabir (Hindi) says that Sanskrit is like stagnant water, while Bhasha is like flowing water. A seventh-century Shaiva Tamil writer Manikkarvachakar has something similar to say about in his book of poetry Thiruvachakam.
Ashtadhyayi is the- a) compilation of astronomical interpretations by ancient seers
- b) first known description of a binary numeral system
- c) summary and synthesis of the philosophical and spiritual ideas in the Upanishads
- d) none of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Ashtadhyayi is the
a)
compilation of astronomical interpretations by ancient seers
b)
first known description of a binary numeral system
c)
summary and synthesis of the philosophical and spiritual ideas in the Upanishads
d)
none of the above
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- It is a Sanskrit treatise on grammar written in the sixth to fifth century BCE by Panini. This work set the linguistic standards for classical Sanskrit. Beyond defining the morphology and syntax of Sanskrit language, Ashtadhyayi distinguishes between usage in the spoken language and usage proper to the language of the sacred texts.
- It is the earliest known work on linguistic description. Together with his immediate predecessors (the Niruktas, Nighantus, and Pratishakyas) stands at the beginning of the history of linguistics itself. His theory of morphological analysis was more advanced than any equivalent Western theory before the mid-20lh century.
About Indian literature, consider the following: 1. Stories in prose were new to India.2. Panchatantra is prose.3. Prose overlooks aesthetic appeal.4. Dastan contains tales of adventure and heroism in Persian and Urdu and disregarded as prose.Which of the statements given above is/are correct? - a) 1, 2 and 3
- b) 2, 3 and 4
- c) 1 Only
- d) 1, 3 and 4
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
About Indian literature, consider the following:
1. Stories in prose were new to India.
2. Panchatantra is prose.
3. Prose overlooks aesthetic appeal.
4. Dastan contains tales of adventure and heroism in Persian and Urdu and disregarded as prose.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a)
1, 2 and 3
b)
2, 3 and 4
c)
1 Only
d)
1, 3 and 4
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Stories in prose were not new to India. Banabhatta's Kadambari, written in Sanskrit in the seventh century, is an early example.
- The Panchatantra is another. There was also a long tradition of prose tales of adventure and heroism in Persian and Urdu, known as dastan. However, these works were not novels as we know today.
- The prose is a form of language which applies ordinary grammatical structure and natural flow of speech rather than rhythmic structure (as in traditional poetry).
- Prose benefits the more informal metrical structure of verse that is almost always found in traditional poetry.
- Poems usually involve a meter and/or rhyme scheme. Instead, Prose comprises full, grammatical sentences, which then constitute paragraphs and overlook an esthetic appeal.
Consider the following statements about Bodhi Vamsa 1. It is also called 'chronicle of the Island'2. vasubandhu wrote itWhich of these statements are not correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both of them
- d) Neither of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about Bodhi Vamsa
1. It is also called 'chronicle of the Island'
2. vasubandhu wrote it
Which of these statements are not correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both of them
d)
Neither of them
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Dipavamsa: It was probably written in 3rd-4th centuries BCE in Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka), during King Dhatusena. It literally means "Chronicle of the Island''. It mentions the visit of Buddha to Sri Lanka and the relics of Buddha.
- Milinda Panha: It contains a dialogue between King Meander (or Milinda) and Buddhist monk Nagasena. It means "Questions of Milinda". These are one of the highest philosophical enquiries.
- Bodhi Vamsa: It was prose-poem, written in the 10th century in Sri Lanka. It was translated from a Sinhalese version. It was written by Upatissa and is written in Pali. Udanavarga: It is a compilation which contains utterances of Buddha and his disciples. It is written in Sanskrit.
- Mahavibhasa Shastra: It is said to be written around 150CE. It contains discussions about other non-Buddhist philosophies also. It is essentially a Mahayana text.
- Abhidharma Moksha: It is written by Vasubandhu and is a widely respected text. It is written in Sanskrit. It contains a discussion on Abhidharma.
- Visuddhimagga: Buddhagosha wrote it in the 5th century. It is a text of Theravada doctrine. It contains discussions on various teachings of Buddha.
Consider the following statements about Vedas: 1. They are written in a highly stylised poetic style2. The language is without symbols and myths3. They were compiled around 1500 BC - 1000 BCWhich of these statements are correct?- a) 1 only
- b) 2 and 3 only
- c) 1 and 3 only
- d) All of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements about Vedas:
1. They are written in a highly stylised poetic style
2. The language is without symbols and myths
3. They were compiled around 1500 BC - 1000 BC
Which of these statements are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
All of them
|
|
Deepika Ahuja answered |
The correct answer is option 'C', which means that statements 1 and 3 are correct.
Explanation:
1. Vedas are written in a highly stylised poetic style:
The Vedas are a collection of ancient scriptures that are considered to be the oldest texts in the Hindu tradition. They are written in a highly stylised poetic style known as Vedic Sanskrit. Vedic Sanskrit is distinct from Classical Sanskrit and is characterized by its complex grammatical structure and intricate poetic meters. The language used in the Vedas is rich in metaphor, symbolism, and imagery, making it a highly poetic and artistic form of expression.
2. The language is without symbols and myths:
This statement is incorrect. The Vedas are replete with symbols and myths that are used to convey deep philosophical and spiritual truths. The Vedic hymns are filled with references to various gods, goddesses, and celestial beings, each of whom symbolizes different aspects of the divine. These deities and their stories serve as metaphors and allegories that provide insights into the nature of reality, the human condition, and the path to spiritual enlightenment.
3. They were compiled around 1500 BC - 1000 BC:
This statement is correct. The Vedas were compiled and written down over a period of several centuries, from around 1500 BC to 1000 BC. However, it is important to note that the oral tradition of reciting and memorizing the Vedas predates the written compilation. The Vedic hymns were initially transmitted orally from one generation to the next, with great emphasis placed on preserving the exact pronunciation and intonation of the sacred texts. The written compilation of the Vedas was a later development, which helped to preserve the texts and make them more widely accessible.
In summary, the correct statements about the Vedas are that they are written in a highly stylised poetic style and they were compiled around 1500 BC - 1000 BC.
Explanation:
1. Vedas are written in a highly stylised poetic style:
The Vedas are a collection of ancient scriptures that are considered to be the oldest texts in the Hindu tradition. They are written in a highly stylised poetic style known as Vedic Sanskrit. Vedic Sanskrit is distinct from Classical Sanskrit and is characterized by its complex grammatical structure and intricate poetic meters. The language used in the Vedas is rich in metaphor, symbolism, and imagery, making it a highly poetic and artistic form of expression.
2. The language is without symbols and myths:
This statement is incorrect. The Vedas are replete with symbols and myths that are used to convey deep philosophical and spiritual truths. The Vedic hymns are filled with references to various gods, goddesses, and celestial beings, each of whom symbolizes different aspects of the divine. These deities and their stories serve as metaphors and allegories that provide insights into the nature of reality, the human condition, and the path to spiritual enlightenment.
3. They were compiled around 1500 BC - 1000 BC:
This statement is correct. The Vedas were compiled and written down over a period of several centuries, from around 1500 BC to 1000 BC. However, it is important to note that the oral tradition of reciting and memorizing the Vedas predates the written compilation. The Vedic hymns were initially transmitted orally from one generation to the next, with great emphasis placed on preserving the exact pronunciation and intonation of the sacred texts. The written compilation of the Vedas was a later development, which helped to preserve the texts and make them more widely accessible.
In summary, the correct statements about the Vedas are that they are written in a highly stylised poetic style and they were compiled around 1500 BC - 1000 BC.
The Mahapuranas have five subjects. Which of the following is NOT included? - a) Sarga, the original creation of the universe.
- b) Nadabindu, cosmic dance with Anahata Naad (sound).
- c) Surya Vamsha and Chandra Vamsha, the histories of the Solar and Lunar dynasties of gods and sages.
- d) Vamshanucharita, the genealogies of kings.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The Mahapuranas have five subjects. Which of the following is NOT included?
a)
Sarga, the original creation of the universe.
b)
Nadabindu, cosmic dance with Anahata Naad (sound).
c)
Surya Vamsha and Chandra Vamsha, the histories of the Solar and Lunar dynasties of gods and sages.
d)
Vamshanucharita, the genealogies of kings.
|
|
Sanjay Rana answered |
- The main Puranas are 18 encyclopaedic collections of legend and myth. Though the archaic form of the genre might have existed as early as the fourth and fifth century BCE, the famous names of the 18 Mahapuranas were not discovered earlier than the third century AD.
- The phenomenal popularity of these Mahapuranas gave rise to yet another subgenre known as the Upapuranas or minor Puranas. They are also 19 in number.
- The Mahapuranas have five subjects. These are: (1) Sarga, the original creation of the universe, (2) Pratisarga, the periodical process of destruction and re-creation, (3) Manvantara, the different eras or cosmic cycles, (4) Surya Vamsha and Chandra Vamsha, the histories of the Solar and Lunar dynasties of gods and sages, (5) Vamshanucharita, the genealogies of kings.
Which of the following is known as the father of Malayalam literature?- a) Nachana Somanatha
- b) Krishnadevaraya
- c) Ezhuthachana
- d) Ilango Adigal
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is known as the father of Malayalam literature?
a)
Nachana Somanatha
b)
Krishnadevaraya
c)
Ezhuthachana
d)
Ilango Adigal
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
Malayalam Literature:
- This language is usually spoken in Kerala and surrounding areas.
- Although linguists argue that the language originated in the 11th century, it had developed a corpus of literature rich enough to call it an independent language within a span of four hundred years.
- Two of the medieval period's major Malayalam works are Kokasandisan and Bhasa Kautilya, which is a commentary on Arthashastra.
- Another major literary work in Malayalam is Ramacharitam, an epic poem written by Cheeraman in the 13th century.
- Ezhuthachan, a strong proponent of Bhakti movement, is known as the father of Malayalam literature.
Phaldeepika and Brihat Jataka of ancient India are major works on - a) statecraft
- b) predictive astrology
- c) healing science
- d) Vedic chants
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Phaldeepika and Brihat Jataka of ancient India are major works on
a)
statecraft
b)
predictive astrology
c)
healing science
d)
Vedic chants
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Brihat Jataka is considered the standard textbook on Vedic astrology and sometimes described as "India's foremost astrological text".
- It is one of the five principal texts written by Varahamihira, the other four being Panchasiddhantika, Brihat Samhita, Laghu Jataka and Yogayatra.
- It is also one of the five major treatises on Hindu predictive astrology. The other four are Saravali of Kalyan Varma, Sarvartha Chintamani of Venkatesh, Jataka Parijata of Vaidyanatha and Phaladeepika of Mantreswara.
- The study of this classic text makes one grasp the fundamentals of astrology.
What is the central feature of all the Upanishads? 1. All of them deny non-dualism or Advaita and assert dvaita or dualism.2. They take the stand that the universe is without consciousness and a mere play of the Brahman.Which of the above is/are correct? - a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both 1 and 2
- d) None
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the central feature of all the Upanishads?
1. All of them deny non-dualism or Advaita and assert dvaita or dualism.
2. They take the stand that the universe is without consciousness and a mere play of the Brahman.
Which of the above is/are correct?
a)
1 only
b)
2 only
c)
Both 1 and 2
d)
None
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- The example of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad can invalidate both these statements.
- The metaphysics of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is non-dualism (Advaita).
- From infinite or fullness, we can get only fullness of infinite'. The above verse describes the nature of the Absolute or Brahman, which is infinite or full, i.e., it contains everything.
- Upanishadic metaphysics is further elucidated in the Madhu-vidya (honey doctrine), where every object's essence is described to be the same to the essence of every other object.
- The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad looks at reality as being indescribable and its nature to be infinite and consciousness-bliss.
Which of the following treatises represents the transitional phase between the ritualistic symbolism of the Brahmanas and the philosophical doctrines of the Upanishads? - a) Agamas
- b) Aranyakas
- c) YajurVeda
- d) Shaiva texts
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following treatises represents the transitional phase between the ritualistic symbolism of the Brahmanas and the philosophical doctrines of the Upanishads?
a)
Agamas
b)
Aranyakas
c)
YajurVeda
d)
Shaiva texts
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- Vedic rituals are preserved in literary works called the Brahmanas. It has twofold division- the ritualistic injunction and discussions on the meaning of Vedic ritual and all related to it.
- The Aranyakas are the forest books that present secret explanations of the ritual. They have their origin in the philosophical discussions of the Brahmanas and find their culmination in the Upanishads. They represent the transitional phase between the ritualistic symbolism of the Brahmanas and the philosophical doctrines of the Upanishads.
- The Upanishads, written both in poetry and prose, are expressions of philosophical concepts.
Said to be the oldest medical book in India; it contains many tenets of Ayurveda, it is- a) Atreya Samhita
- b) Charak Samhita
- c) Sushruta Samhita
- d) Nirdhaan Samhita
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Said to be the oldest medical book in India; it contains many tenets of Ayurveda, it is
a)
Atreya Samhita
b)
Charak Samhita
c)
Sushruta Samhita
d)
Nirdhaan Samhita
|
|
Deepak Kapoor answered |
- It is an ancient text on Ayurvedic medicines written by Atreya.
- It is the basis of the works of Harita and Charaka. It describes about the eight branches of Ayurveda, such as Kayachikitsa (internal medicine), Shalakya Tantra (surgery and treatment of head and neck—ophthalmology and otolaryngology), Shalya Tantra (surgery), Agada Tantra (toxicology), Bhuta Vidya (psychiatry), Kaumarabhritya (pediatrics), Rasayana (science of rejuvenation or antiaging), and Vajikarana (the science of fertility).
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