All questions of Development for Class 10 Exam

Higher income countries are always more developed than small income countries. So Option b is correct.

Bihar has the lowest per capita Income in India due to more population but less income. So , option A is the right answer. However, in the latest data, Per Capita income of Kerala is more than both these states - Punjab and Gujarat

Explanation:
Overweight
- Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure used to determine whether a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese based on their height and weight.
- A BMI of more than 25 is considered to be overweight.
- This means that the person has excess body weight for their height.
- Being overweight can increase the risk of various health issues such as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure.
- It is important for individuals with a BMI over 25 to consider making lifestyle changes such as eating a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity to improve their overall health.

Limitations of Per Capita Income as the Sole Measure of Development:
Per capita income is often used as a measure of development, but it has several limitations that make it insufficient as the sole indicator of a region's development level. One significant limitation is that it does not consider the public facilities available in a region.

Public Facilities:
- Per capita income does not take into account the quality and availability of public facilities such as healthcare, education, transportation, and sanitation.
- A region with a high per capita income may still have inadequate public facilities, which can hinder the overall development of its population.
- Lack of access to essential public services can lead to disparities in well-being and quality of life among different segments of the population.

Importance of Public Facilities:
- Public facilities play a crucial role in ensuring the overall development of a region by providing essential services that contribute to the health, education, and well-being of its residents.
- Access to quality healthcare, education, and other public services can improve the standard of living and contribute to the long-term development of a community.

Conclusion:
While per capita income is a useful measure of economic prosperity, it is essential to consider other factors such as public facilities when assessing the overall development of a region. By taking into account the availability and quality of public services, policymakers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the well-being and development level of a population.

Explanation:

Public Facility:
- Public facilities are services provided by the government to ensure the well-being and safety of its citizens. These facilities are accessible to all members of the public without discrimination.
- Basic health and education facilities are essential public services that contribute to the overall development and welfare of society.
- Ration shops are also a public facility that provides subsidized food items to low-income families, ensuring they have access to essential nutrition.

Correct Answer:
- The correct answer is option 'C' - Both of these. This is because both basic health and education facilities as well as ration shops are examples of public facilities provided by the government for the benefit of the citizens.
In conclusion, public facilities play a crucial role in promoting the well-being and development of society by ensuring access to essential services such as healthcare, education, and food security.

Understanding Per Capita Income in India (2012)
Per capita income is a crucial economic indicator that reflects the average income earned per person in a given area in a specified year.
Per Capita Income in India (2012)
- In 2012, the per capita income of India was approximately $1,530 per annum.
- This figure is derived from the total national income divided by the country's population.
Why Option B is Correct
- The figure of $1,530 represents the average income, highlighting India’s economic status at that time.
- It shows the disparity in income when compared to developed nations, where per capita income levels are significantly higher.
Contextualizing the Figure
- The economic landscape of India in 2012 was characterized by rapid growth, but it also faced challenges like poverty and income inequality.
- Understanding per capita income helps gauge the living standards and economic health of the population.
Conclusion
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question regarding India's per capita income in 2012 is option 'B': $1,530 per annum.
- This information is vital for students to understand the basic concepts of economics and the socio-economic conditions of the country.
By grasping these concepts, students can better analyze economic trends and their implications on society.

The Human Development Report is published by the UNDP, focusing on human development indicators like health, education, and income.

Averages can mask disparities within a population by averaging out individual variations, thus not reflecting the differences in income distribution among people. For example, a country with a high average income might still have significant income inequality, where a large portion of the population may live in poverty despite the high average income figure.

Limitations of the World Bank's Per Capita Income Criterion
The World Bank classifies countries based on their per capita income, which is the average income earned per person in a given country. While this metric provides a useful economic snapshot, it has significant limitations, particularly regarding income distribution.
Income Distribution Matters
- Unequal Wealth Distribution: Per capita income does not reflect how income is distributed among the population. A high average can mask severe inequalities—where a small fraction of the population holds a large share of the wealth, while many others live in poverty.
- Social Implications: In countries with high income inequality, the majority may struggle to meet basic needs, despite the overall economic growth reflected in per capita figures. This can lead to social unrest and a lack of access to essential services like education and healthcare.
Broader Economic Context
- Ignoring Poverty Levels: Focusing solely on per capita income can lead to a misunderstanding of the actual living conditions of citizens. Countries with high per capita income might still have significant portions of their population living below the poverty line.
- Policy Misguidance: Policymakers might prioritize economic growth strategies that do not benefit all citizens equally, leading to imbalanced development and social challenges.
Conclusion
In summary, while the World Bank's per capita income criterion provides a framework for economic classification, it fails to account for how income is distributed among the populace. This limitation highlights the need for a more comprehensive approach that includes factors like income inequality and social welfare to accurately assess a country's development and well-being.

Per capita income does not directly reflect environmental sustainability. While it measures average economic output per person, it does not account for how development impacts environmental quality or the ability to sustain resources for future generations.

Understanding the Assertion and Reason
The statement considers two important aspects: the average income and its role in assessing a country's development.
Assertion (A)
- The average income is a crucial indicator for determining development levels within a country.
- Higher average income often correlates with better access to resources, education, and healthcare, which are essential for overall development.
Reason (R)
- A country's average income indeed reflects the economic well-being of its residents.
- It indicates how much wealth is generated and distributed among the population, influencing their quality of life.
Connection Between Assertion and Reason
- Both the assertion and the reason are true.
- The average income serves as a comprehensive measure of development, while the economic well-being of residents directly impacts their living standards.
Correct Explanation
- The reason explains why the assertion holds true.
- As average income rises, it signifies economic progress and improvement in living conditions, thus supporting the statement about its importance in development.
Conclusion
- Therefore, since both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion, the correct answer is option 'A'.
- Understanding this relationship is vital in evaluating the socio-economic status of a country.

Understanding Per Capita Income as a Development Metric
When comparing different countries based on development, the best criterion is often considered to be Per Capita Income. Here’s why it stands out among the other options:
1. Definition of Per Capita Income
- Per Capita Income is the average income earned per person in a given area or country.
- It is calculated by dividing the total income of the country by its population.
2. Economic Indicator
- Per Capita Income provides a clear indication of the economic health of a country.
- It reflects the standard of living and the economic opportunities available to individuals.
3. Comparison Across Countries
- Unlike total income, which can be skewed by a few wealthy individuals, Per Capita Income normalizes data across populations.
- This allows for a fairer comparison between countries with different population sizes.
4. Limitations of Other Criteria
- Income (option a): Total income doesn't account for population size, making it less effective for comparison.
- Social Equality (option b): While crucial, social equality is more qualitative and harder to measure objectively across countries.
- None of these (option d): This option dismisses the value of Per Capita Income, which is widely recognized in economic studies.
5. Conclusion
- Overall, Per Capita Income serves as a robust framework for assessing and comparing the development status of countries.
- It encapsulates both economic performance and living standards, making it a vital tool for policymakers and researchers alike.