All questions of Africa for UPSC CSE Exam

Overview of the Congo Basin
The Congo Basin is renowned for its dense tropical rainforests, making it one of the most significant ecological zones in Africa. This region is characterized by its rich biodiversity and vital role in the global environment.
Geographical Significance
- The Congo Basin covers an extensive area in Central Africa, primarily within the Democratic Republic of the Congo, but also includes parts of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, and Gabon.
- It is the second-largest rainforest in the world, after the Amazon, and spans approximately 3.6 million square kilometers.
Biodiversity
- The rainforests of the Congo Basin are home to an incredible variety of flora and fauna, including endangered species like the Western lowland gorilla and the forest elephant.
- The dense canopy supports numerous plant species, many of which are unique to this region.
Environmental Importance
- The Congo Basin plays a crucial role in carbon storage, helping to mitigate climate change by absorbing significant amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
- It also regulates local weather patterns and maintains hydrological cycles, impacting agriculture and water supply in surrounding areas.
Challenges and Conservation
- The region faces threats from deforestation, mining, and agricultural expansion, posing risks to its biodiversity and ecological balance.
- Conservation efforts are essential to protect this vital ecosystem, involving local communities, governments, and international organizations.
In conclusion, the Congo Basin stands out as a vital region of dense tropical rainforests in Africa, making it critical for biodiversity and environmental health.

Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak in Africa, is located in Tanzania.

Tanzania is a country in Eastern Africa, bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. It is known for its diverse wildlife, stunning landscapes, and rich cultural heritage.

Mount Kilimanjaro is a dormant volcano and is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park, which was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987. The mountain is made up of three volcanic cones: Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira. Kibo is the highest peak, standing at an impressive 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) above sea level.

Mount Kilimanjaro attracts thousands of climbers and hikers from around the world each year. Its snow-capped peak and challenging ascent make it a popular destination for adventure enthusiasts and nature lovers. The climb to the summit is considered a remarkable achievement and offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscapes, including the African savannah and the nearby Mount Meru.

The mountain is located in the northeastern part of Tanzania, near the border with Kenya. It is situated within the Kilimanjaro Region, which is named after the mountain itself. The region is home to various ethnic groups, including the Chagga people who have lived in the area for centuries and have a rich cultural heritage.

In addition to its natural beauty, Mount Kilimanjaro plays a significant role in the local economy. It provides employment opportunities for guides, porters, and other support staff involved in the climbing industry. The revenue generated from tourism helps in the conservation efforts of the national park and contributes to the development of local communities.

Overall, Mount Kilimanjaro is a symbol of Tanzania's natural and cultural heritage. Its majestic presence and challenging climb make it a must-visit destination for those seeking adventure and a close encounter with Africa's stunning landscapes.