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Number of alpha particles N scattered at an angle θ during Rutherford’s alpha scattering experiment is :- a)
- b)
- c)
- d)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Number of alpha particles N scattered at an angle θ during Rutherford’s alpha scattering experiment is :
a)
b)
c)
d)
|
Sushil Kumar answered |
Answer :- a
Solution :- For a single scatterer, such as a single gold nucleus within a thin gold foil layer, the differential scattering cross section is defined as follows [2]:
dσ(θ, φ)/dΩ = flux scattered into element dΩ at angles (θ, φ)/incident flux per unit area
dσ/dΩ = (Iθ × A)/ (dΩ × I0 × NAvo × ρ × x(foil))........... (1)
where NAvo is Avogadro’s number, xfoil is the thickness of the target foil, A is the atomic mass of the material in the target foil, dΩ is the solid-angle of the detector, I0 is the unattenuated intensity of the alpha particle beam.
dσ/dΩ = [(ZZ0 e^2/4E )^2]/(1/sin^4(θ/2 ))
dσ/dΩ is directly proportional to 1/sin^4(θ/2 )
Select an incorrect alternative:
i. the radius of the nth orbit is proprtional to n2
ii. the total energy of the electron in the nth orbit is inversely proportional to n
iii. the angular momentum of the electron in nth orbit is an integral multiple of h/2π
iv. the magnitude of potential energy of the electron in any orbit is greater than its kinetic energy
- a)Statement i
- b)Statement iv
- c)Statement ii
- d)Statement iii
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Select an incorrect alternative:
i. the radius of the nth orbit is proprtional to n2
ii. the total energy of the electron in the nth orbit is inversely proportional to n
iii. the angular momentum of the electron in nth orbit is an integral multiple of h/2π
iv. the magnitude of potential energy of the electron in any orbit is greater than its kinetic energy
i. the radius of the nth orbit is proprtional to n2
ii. the total energy of the electron in the nth orbit is inversely proportional to n
iii. the angular momentum of the electron in nth orbit is an integral multiple of h/2π
iv. the magnitude of potential energy of the electron in any orbit is greater than its kinetic energy
a)
Statement i
b)
Statement iv
c)
Statement ii
d)
Statement iii
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
Statement i. Radius of Bohr's orbit of hydrogen atom is given by
r= n2h2/4π2mKze2
or, r=(0.59A˚)(n2/z)
So, from expression we found r∝n2
Hence the 1st statement is correct.
Statement ii.
We know that
En=-13.6 x z2/n2
So, En ∝1/n2
Hence the 2nd statement is wrong.
Statement iii.Bohr defined these stable orbits in his second postulate. According to this postulate:
r= n2h2/4π2mKze2
or, r=(0.59A˚)(n2/z)
So, from expression we found r∝n2
Hence the 1st statement is correct.
Statement ii.
We know that
En=-13.6 x z2/n2
So, En ∝1/n2
Hence the 2nd statement is wrong.
Statement iii.Bohr defined these stable orbits in his second postulate. According to this postulate:
- An electron revolves around the nucleus in orbits
- The angular momentum of revolution is an integral multiple of h/2π – where Planck’s constant [h = 6.6 x 10-34 J-s].
- Hence, the angular momentum (L) of the orbiting electron is: L = nh/2 π
Hence the 3rd statement is correct.
Statement iv.According to Bohr's theory
Angular momentum of electron in an orbit will be Integral multiple of (h/2π)
Magnitude of potential energy is twice of kinetic energy of electron in an orbit
∣P.E∣=2∣K.E∣
K.E=(13.6ev)( z2/n2)
Hence, The 4th statement is correct.
Statement iv.According to Bohr's theory
Angular momentum of electron in an orbit will be Integral multiple of (h/2π)
Magnitude of potential energy is twice of kinetic energy of electron in an orbit
∣P.E∣=2∣K.E∣
K.E=(13.6ev)( z2/n2)
Hence, The 4th statement is correct.
Rutherford’s experiments on scattering of alpha particles proved that:- a)atoms contain electrons
- b)number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges
- c)atom is mostly empty
- d)positive charge is uniformly distributed in the atom
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Rutherford’s experiments on scattering of alpha particles proved that:
a)
atoms contain electrons
b)
number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges
c)
atom is mostly empty
d)
positive charge is uniformly distributed in the atom
|
Divey Sethi answered |
Most of the α-particle passed through the foil straight without suffering any change in their direction. This shows that most of the space inside the atom is empty or hollow.
A small fraction of α-particles was deflected through small angles and a few through larger angles. For this to happen α- particles (positively charged) must approach a heavy positively charged core inside the atom (like charges repel each other). This heavy positively charged core inside the atom was named as the nucleus.
A small fraction of α-particles was deflected through small angles and a few through larger angles. For this to happen α- particles (positively charged) must approach a heavy positively charged core inside the atom (like charges repel each other). This heavy positively charged core inside the atom was named as the nucleus.
In hydrogen atom the kinetic energy of electron in an orbit of radius r is given by- a)
- b)
- c)
- d)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
In hydrogen atom the kinetic energy of electron in an orbit of radius r is given by
a)
b)
c)
d)
|
Swati Verma answered |
K.E. of nth orbit
=> (1/k) Ze2/2r
For H atom,
K.E.=(1/4πε) x (e2/2r)
=> (1/k) Ze2/2r
For H atom,
K.E.=(1/4πε) x (e2/2r)
In Rutherford’s experiment, a thin gold foil was bombarded with alpha particles. According to Thomson’s “plum-pudding” model of the atom, what should have happened?- a)All the alpha particles would have been deflected by the foil.
- b)All the alpha particles should have bounced straight back from the foil.
- c)Alpha particles should have passed through the foil with little or no deflection.
- d)Alpha particles should have become embedded in the foil.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
In Rutherford’s experiment, a thin gold foil was bombarded with alpha particles. According to Thomson’s “plum-pudding” model of the atom, what should have happened?
a)
All the alpha particles would have been deflected by the foil.
b)
All the alpha particles should have bounced straight back from the foil.
c)
Alpha particles should have passed through the foil with little or no deflection.
d)
Alpha particles should have become embedded in the foil.
|
Snehal Gosavi answered |
Correct Option C ===>ΔΔΔ
ΔAlfa particles are massive particles and they have speed when they bombarded....
ΔAccording plum pudding model if atom given by Thomson protons and electrons are equally distributed....
Δthat's why massive alpha particles will pass through the foil with little deflection (due to protons)......
ΔBcoz here protons are like spreaded cloud and not in nucleus ( massive part or atom) ....
Δand alpha particle is more massive than single proton....so they will not deflect due to protons and will pass through foil....
We know that the Rutherford model of the atom is superior to the Thompson model because when alpha particles are scattered from atoms:- a)the deflected angle is always large
- b)they are usually observed with kinetic energy between 5 and 10 MeV
- c)some alpha particles are deflected to large angles
- d)the deflected angle is usually small
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
We know that the Rutherford model of the atom is superior to the Thompson model because when alpha particles are scattered from atoms:
a)
the deflected angle is always large
b)
they are usually observed with kinetic energy between 5 and 10 MeV
c)
some alpha particles are deflected to large angles
d)
the deflected angle is usually small
|
Tanuja Kapoor answered |
In ruther ford experiment he suggest that all the positive charge and mass are concentrated at the centre when he bombarded the alpha partical which is dipositive in nature and when it is more close to centre it get deflect to a large angle and with increase of closenes to centre its deflection angle increase and some alpha partical deflect to 180 degree so it prove that all the positive charge and mass are concentrated at the centre where as acccording to thomson atom is hard solid sphere in which its total +ve charge and mass uniformalyy distributed on the surface and electrone reside as seed in watermelon ( plum pudding model)
Fluorescent lamps are more efficient than incandescent lamps in converting electrical energy to visible light because- a)they produce more white light
- b)they do not use uv radiations
- c)they do not waste as much energy producing (invisible) infrared photons
- d)they do not waste as much energy producing visible photons
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Fluorescent lamps are more efficient than incandescent lamps in converting electrical energy to visible light because
a)
they produce more white light
b)
they do not use uv radiations
c)
they do not waste as much energy producing (invisible) infrared photons
d)
they do not waste as much energy producing visible photons
|
Riya Banerjee answered |
The phosphor fluoresces to produce light. A fluorescent bulb produces less heat, so it is much more efficient. This makes fluorescent bulbs four to six times more efficient than incandescent bulbs. That's why you can buy a 15-watt fluorescent bulb that produces the same amount of light as a 60-watt incandescent bulb.
Which of these is true?- a)The alpha particles used in Rutherford’s experiment are positively charged particles
- b)Dalton assumed that atoms are made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons
- c)In Rutherford’s alpha scattering experiment, all of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil.
- d)JJ Thomson determined the charge and mass of electrons
Correct answer is 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of these is true?
a)
The alpha particles used in Rutherford’s experiment are positively charged particles
b)
Dalton assumed that atoms are made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons
c)
In Rutherford’s alpha scattering experiment, all of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil.
d)
JJ Thomson determined the charge and mass of electrons
|
Shalini Basu answered |
**Explanation:**
The correct answer is **a) The alpha particles used in Rutherford's experiment are positively charged particles**.
Rutherford's experiment, also known as the gold foil experiment, was conducted in 1909 by Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. The experiment aimed to understand the structure of the atom and investigate the distribution of positive charge within it.
In this experiment, Rutherford and his team bombarded a thin gold foil with a beam of alpha particles. Alpha particles are positively charged particles that consist of two protons and two neutrons, which are the same as helium nuclei. They are emitted from a radioactive source, such as radium or polonium.
Rutherford observed that while most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil, some of them were deflected at different angles, and a very small fraction bounced back in the direction opposite to the source. This unexpected result led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus and the concept of a mostly empty space within the atom.
Based on the observations from the experiment, Rutherford proposed a new atomic model known as the nuclear model. According to this model, atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center, which contains most of the atom's mass. The electrons, which are negatively charged particles, orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels.
Therefore, the correct answer is a) The alpha particles used in Rutherford's experiment are positively charged particles.
The correct answer is **a) The alpha particles used in Rutherford's experiment are positively charged particles**.
Rutherford's experiment, also known as the gold foil experiment, was conducted in 1909 by Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. The experiment aimed to understand the structure of the atom and investigate the distribution of positive charge within it.
In this experiment, Rutherford and his team bombarded a thin gold foil with a beam of alpha particles. Alpha particles are positively charged particles that consist of two protons and two neutrons, which are the same as helium nuclei. They are emitted from a radioactive source, such as radium or polonium.
Rutherford observed that while most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil, some of them were deflected at different angles, and a very small fraction bounced back in the direction opposite to the source. This unexpected result led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus and the concept of a mostly empty space within the atom.
Based on the observations from the experiment, Rutherford proposed a new atomic model known as the nuclear model. According to this model, atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center, which contains most of the atom's mass. The electrons, which are negatively charged particles, orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels.
Therefore, the correct answer is a) The alpha particles used in Rutherford's experiment are positively charged particles.
Emission line spectra of different elements- a)is not different
- b)is the same if both elements are at the same temperature
- c)is the same if both elements are in liquid form
- d)is different
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Emission line spectra of different elements
a)
is not different
b)
is the same if both elements are at the same temperature
c)
is the same if both elements are in liquid form
d)
is different
|
Adithya Shasan answered |
Option D : Emission line spectra of different elements is different..
The distance of closest approach when a 15.0 MeV proton approaches gold nucleus (Z = 79) is- a)758 fm
- b)7.58 fm
- c)75.8 fm
- d)0.758 fm
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The distance of closest approach when a 15.0 MeV proton approaches gold nucleus (Z = 79) is
a)
758 fm
b)
7.58 fm
c)
75.8 fm
d)
0.758 fm
|
|
Riya Banerjee answered |
Correct Answer :- b
Explanation : E = 15.0MeV
= 15 * 106 eV
= 15 * 106 * 1.6 * 10-19 J
= 15 * 1.6 * 10-13 J
E = (1/4πεo)*(ze2/r02)
r0 = (1/4πεo)*(ze2/E)
r0 = (9*109*79*(1.6*10-19)2)/(15*1.6*10-13)
= 75.84 * 10-16 m
= 7.58 fm
In hydrogen atom the angular momentum of the electron in the lowest energy state is- a)2h
- b)h/2π
- c)2π/h
- d)h/π
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
In hydrogen atom the angular momentum of the electron in the lowest energy state is
a)
2h
b)
h/2π
c)
2π/h
d)
h/π
|
Kiran Khanna answered |
C)h/π
d)h
The correct answer is d) h.
The angular momentum of an electron in the hydrogen atom is given by the formula L = nħ, where n is the principal quantum number and ħ is the reduced Planck constant.
In the lowest energy state, the electron is in the ground state with n = 1. Therefore, the angular momentum is L = 1ħ = h.
d)h
The correct answer is d) h.
The angular momentum of an electron in the hydrogen atom is given by the formula L = nħ, where n is the principal quantum number and ħ is the reduced Planck constant.
In the lowest energy state, the electron is in the ground state with n = 1. Therefore, the angular momentum is L = 1ħ = h.
In Geiger-Marsden experiment very small deflection of the beam was expected because- a)there are no electrical forces at work
- b)positive charge and the negative electrons are distributed through the whole atom reducing electric field inside the atom
- c)particles are collimated by lead screens
- d)most particles pass through
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
In Geiger-Marsden experiment very small deflection of the beam was expected because
a)
there are no electrical forces at work
b)
positive charge and the negative electrons are distributed through the whole atom reducing electric field inside the atom
c)
particles are collimated by lead screens
d)
most particles pass through
|
|
Shraddha Choudhury answered |
Explanation:
The Geiger-Marsden experiment was conducted to study the structure of an atom. In this experiment, a beam of alpha particles was directed towards a thin gold foil. The alpha particles were expected to pass through the gold foil with little or no deflection, as it was believed that the positive charge and the negative electrons in an atom are distributed uniformly, reducing the electric field inside the atom. However, the results of the experiment were surprising, as some of the alpha particles were deflected at large angles, and some even bounced back.
Reasons for very small deflection of the beam:
- Electrical forces: According to Coulomb's law, any two charged particles exert a force on each other. In an atom, the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons are attracted to each other by electrical forces. However, the electrons are in constant motion, creating a cloud of negative charge around the nucleus. This cloud of negative charge reduces the electric field inside the atom, making it difficult for the alpha particles to be deflected.
- Distribution of charge: The positive charge in an atom is concentrated in the nucleus, while the negative charge is distributed throughout the atom. This distribution of charge makes the electric field inside the atom more uniform, reducing the chances of the alpha particles being deflected.
- Collimation of particles: The alpha particles were collimated by lead screens before they were directed towards the gold foil. This was done to ensure that the particles were traveling in a straight line and were not scattered by other particles or objects in the environment.
- Most particles pass through: Despite the above factors, it was still expected that some of the alpha particles would be deflected at small angles due to the random nature of the collisions between the particles and the atoms in the gold foil. However, it was not expected that some of the particles would be deflected at large angles or bounce back, as this implied that the positive charge in an atom was not uniformly distributed.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the very small deflection of the beam was expected in the Geiger-Marsden experiment due to the distribution of charge in an atom and the reduction of electric field inside the atom. However, the unexpected results of the experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus and the development of the modern atomic model.
The Geiger-Marsden experiment was conducted to study the structure of an atom. In this experiment, a beam of alpha particles was directed towards a thin gold foil. The alpha particles were expected to pass through the gold foil with little or no deflection, as it was believed that the positive charge and the negative electrons in an atom are distributed uniformly, reducing the electric field inside the atom. However, the results of the experiment were surprising, as some of the alpha particles were deflected at large angles, and some even bounced back.
Reasons for very small deflection of the beam:
- Electrical forces: According to Coulomb's law, any two charged particles exert a force on each other. In an atom, the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons are attracted to each other by electrical forces. However, the electrons are in constant motion, creating a cloud of negative charge around the nucleus. This cloud of negative charge reduces the electric field inside the atom, making it difficult for the alpha particles to be deflected.
- Distribution of charge: The positive charge in an atom is concentrated in the nucleus, while the negative charge is distributed throughout the atom. This distribution of charge makes the electric field inside the atom more uniform, reducing the chances of the alpha particles being deflected.
- Collimation of particles: The alpha particles were collimated by lead screens before they were directed towards the gold foil. This was done to ensure that the particles were traveling in a straight line and were not scattered by other particles or objects in the environment.
- Most particles pass through: Despite the above factors, it was still expected that some of the alpha particles would be deflected at small angles due to the random nature of the collisions between the particles and the atoms in the gold foil. However, it was not expected that some of the particles would be deflected at large angles or bounce back, as this implied that the positive charge in an atom was not uniformly distributed.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the very small deflection of the beam was expected in the Geiger-Marsden experiment due to the distribution of charge in an atom and the reduction of electric field inside the atom. However, the unexpected results of the experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus and the development of the modern atomic model.
The ratio of volume of atom to volume of nucleus is- a)1/1000
- b)10
- c)1015
- d)1010
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The ratio of volume of atom to volume of nucleus is
a)
1/1000
b)
10
c)
1015
d)
1010
|
Anaya Patel answered |
The ratio of the volume of the atom and the volume of the nucleus is 1015
The radius of an atomic nucleus is of the order of 10−13cm or 10−15m or one Fermi unit.
On the other hand, the radius of an atom is of the order of 10−8cm or 10−10m or one angstrom unit.
Note:
The radius of nucleus is much smaller than atomic radius.
The ratio of atomic radius to radius of nucleus is 10−10m /10−15m =105
Volume is proportional to cube of radius.
The ratio of atomic radius to radius of nucleus is (105)3=1015
The radius of an atomic nucleus is of the order of 10−13cm or 10−15m or one Fermi unit.
On the other hand, the radius of an atom is of the order of 10−8cm or 10−10m or one angstrom unit.
Note:
The radius of nucleus is much smaller than atomic radius.
The ratio of atomic radius to radius of nucleus is 10−10m /10−15m =105
Volume is proportional to cube of radius.
The ratio of atomic radius to radius of nucleus is (105)3=1015
Absorption line spectrum is obtained- a)If we pass off-white (discrete-spectrum) light through a cool gas
- b)If we pass white (continuous-spectrum) light through a hot gas
- c)If we pass off-white (discrete-spectrum) light through a hot gas
- d)If we pass white (continuous-spectrum) light through a cool gas
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Absorption line spectrum is obtained
a)
If we pass off-white (discrete-spectrum) light through a cool gas
b)
If we pass white (continuous-spectrum) light through a hot gas
c)
If we pass off-white (discrete-spectrum) light through a hot gas
d)
If we pass white (continuous-spectrum) light through a cool gas
|
Nishant Sharma answered |
Answer is D
Fluorescence is- a)it consists of accelerated atoms/molecules striking suitable material
- b)it consists only of atoms going into stable excited states
- c)what happens in a fluorescent lamp
- d)it consists of a molecule, atom or nanostructure relaxing to its ground state by emitting a photon of light after being excited to a higher quantum state by some type of energy
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Fluorescence is
a)
it consists of accelerated atoms/molecules striking suitable material
b)
it consists only of atoms going into stable excited states
c)
what happens in a fluorescent lamp
d)
it consists of a molecule, atom or nanostructure relaxing to its ground state by emitting a photon of light after being excited to a higher quantum state by some type of energy
|
|
Nikita Singh answered |
Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence. In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore lower energy, than the absorbed radiation. The most striking example of fluorescence occurs when the absorbed radiation is in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, and thus invisible to the human eye, while the emitted light is in the visible region, which gives the fluorescent substance a distinct color that can be seen only when exposed to UV light. Fluorescent materials cease to glow nearly immediately when the radiation source stops, unlike phosphorescent materials, which continue to emit light for some time after.
The targets used in the alpha particle atomic experiments in the early 1900’s was:- a)metal foils
- b)alpha particles
- c)radioactive sources
- d)gold foil
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The targets used in the alpha particle atomic experiments in the early 1900’s was:
a)
metal foils
b)
alpha particles
c)
radioactive sources
d)
gold foil
|
|
Shreya Singh answered |
It's Rutherford alpha Ray scattering experiment.....in this experiment gold foil was used...
In Bohr model of hydrogen atom, radiation is emitted when the electron- a)jumps from higher orbit into the lower orbit
- b)the electron escapes from the orbit
- c)jumps from lower orbit into the higher orbit
- d)revolves in an orbit
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In Bohr model of hydrogen atom, radiation is emitted when the electron
a)
jumps from higher orbit into the lower orbit
b)
the electron escapes from the orbit
c)
jumps from lower orbit into the higher orbit
d)
revolves in an orbit
|
Yamuna Mani answered |
Answer is A
E2-E1=hv
E2-E1=hv
According to Bohr model allowed values of angular momentum are- a)integral multiples of h
- b)continuous
- c)integral multiples of h/ π
- d)integral multiples of h/2 π
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
According to Bohr model allowed values of angular momentum are
a)
integral multiples of h
b)
continuous
c)
integral multiples of h/ π
d)
integral multiples of h/2 π
|
|
Siddharth answered |
A/C to Bohr model ...
mvr=nh/2π ...
n=1,2,3...
Which of these statements about Bohr model hypothesis is correct?- a)velocity of electron is quantized
- b)mass of electron is quantized
- c)radius of electron is quantized
- d)angular momentum of electron is quantized
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of these statements about Bohr model hypothesis is correct?
a)
velocity of electron is quantized
b)
mass of electron is quantized
c)
radius of electron is quantized
d)
angular momentum of electron is quantized
|
|
Krishna Iyer answered |
Bohr never assumed stable electron orbits with the electronic angular momentum quantized as l=mvr=(nh/2π) Quantization of angular momentum means that the radius of the orbit and the energy will be quantized as well. Bohr assumed that the discrete lines seen in the spectrum of the hydrogen atom were due to transitions of an electron from one allowed orbit/energy to another.
In Geiger-Marsden experiment, at the point of closest approach- a)the kinetic energy is not zero and the electrical potential is less than the initial kinetic energy supplied
- b)the kinetic energy is not zero and the electrical potential equals the initial kinetic energy supplied
- c)the kinetic energy is zero and the electrical potential equals the initial kinetic energy supplied
- d)the kinetic energy is not zero and the electrical potential is greater than the initial kinetic energy supplied
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
In Geiger-Marsden experiment, at the point of closest approach
a)
the kinetic energy is not zero and the electrical potential is less than the initial kinetic energy supplied
b)
the kinetic energy is not zero and the electrical potential equals the initial kinetic energy supplied
c)
the kinetic energy is zero and the electrical potential equals the initial kinetic energy supplied
d)
the kinetic energy is not zero and the electrical potential is greater than the initial kinetic energy supplied
|
|
Dino James answered |
The kinetic energy is zero and the electrical potential equals the initial kinetic energy supplied
A triply ionized beryllium ion Be3+, (a beryllium atom with three electrons removed), behaves very much like a hydrogen atom except that the nuclear charge is four times as great. For the hydrogen atom, the wavelength of the photon emitted in the n =2 to n=1 to transition is 122 nm. What is the wavelength of the photon emitted when a Be3+ ion undergoes this transition?- a)7.60 nm
- b)10.60 nm
- c)9.60 nm
- d)8.60 nm
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
A triply ionized beryllium ion Be3+, (a beryllium atom with three electrons removed), behaves very much like a hydrogen atom except that the nuclear charge is four times as great. For the hydrogen atom, the wavelength of the photon emitted in the n =2 to n=1 to transition is 122 nm. What is the wavelength of the photon emitted when a Be3+ ion undergoes this transition?
a)
7.60 nm
b)
10.60 nm
c)
9.60 nm
d)
8.60 nm
|
|
Suresh Iyer answered |
1/ λ =Z2. (both have same transition so same value of n)
λ /122=1/16
λ =122/16
=7.62nm
λ /122=1/16
λ =122/16
=7.62nm
Find the longest wavelength present in the Balmer series of hydrogen, corresponding to the H- line.- a)656 nm
- b)676 nm
- c)666 nm
- d)686 nm
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Find the longest wavelength present in the Balmer series of hydrogen, corresponding to the H- line.
a)
656 nm
b)
676 nm
c)
666 nm
d)
686 nm
|
|
Arun Khanna answered |
If that is so grant us some suggestion! Or Balmer sequence (2nd sequence from electrons laying off to n = 2 from bigger than 2) longest wavelength [velocityconstant = frequency x wavelength] is smallest frequency [power = hconstant x frequency] is least enegy is from transition n = 3 to n = 2 or Google it 656.3 nm
Which of these statements about Bohr model applied to hydrogen atom correct?- a)hydrogen atom in its ground level has no magnetic moment due to orbital motion
- b)hydrogen atom in its ground level has magnetic moment due to orbital motion
- c)hydrogen atom in some orbits radiates electromagnetic waves
- d)hydrogen atom in quantized orbits radiates electromagnetic waves
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of these statements about Bohr model applied to hydrogen atom correct?
a)
hydrogen atom in its ground level has no magnetic moment due to orbital motion
b)
hydrogen atom in its ground level has magnetic moment due to orbital motion
c)
hydrogen atom in some orbits radiates electromagnetic waves
d)
hydrogen atom in quantized orbits radiates electromagnetic waves
|
|
Swati Verma answered |
A hydrogen atom has magnetic properties because the motion of the electron acts as a current loop. The energy levels of a hydrogen atom associated with orbital angular momentum are split by an external magnetic field because the orbital angular magnetic moment interacts with the field.
An electron collides with a hydrogen atom in its ground state and excites it to a state of n = 3. How much energy was given to the hydrogen atom in this inelastic collision?- a)
15.1 eV - b)13.1 eV
- c)12.1 eV
- d)14.1 eV
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
An electron collides with a hydrogen atom in its ground state and excites it to a state of n = 3. How much energy was given to the hydrogen atom in this inelastic collision?
a)
15.1 eV
b)
13.1 eV
c)
12.1 eV
d)
14.1 eV
|
|
Ritu Singh answered |
Energy at ground state E1=−13.6 eV
Energy at n=3: E3=−13.6/9=1.5 eV
To excite it to n=3 energy given to electron is E3−E1=12.1 eV
Energy at n=3: E3=−13.6/9=1.5 eV
To excite it to n=3 energy given to electron is E3−E1=12.1 eV
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.Assertion : The force of repulsion between atomic nucleus and α-particle varies with distance according to inverse square law.Reason : Rutherford did α-particle scattering experiment.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
- c)If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
- d)If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
Assertion : The force of repulsion between atomic nucleus and α-particle varies with distance according to inverse square law.
Reason : Rutherford did α-particle scattering experiment.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
c)
If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
d)
If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
|
|
Suresh Iyer answered |
Rutherford confirmed that the repulsive force of α- particles due to the nucleus varies with distance according to inverse square law and that the positive charges are concentrated at the centre and not distributed throughout the atom.
Average angle of deflection of α-particles by a thin gold foil predicted by Thomson’s model is- a)about the same as predicted by Rutherford’s model
- b)incomparable to Rutherford’s model
- c)about the more than predicted by Rutherford’s model
- d)about the less than predicted by Rutherford’s model
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Average angle of deflection of α-particles by a thin gold foil predicted by Thomson’s model is
a)
about the same as predicted by Rutherford’s model
b)
incomparable to Rutherford’s model
c)
about the more than predicted by Rutherford’s model
d)
about the less than predicted by Rutherford’s model
|
Priya Patel answered |
About the same
The average angle of deflection of α-particles by a thin gold foil predicted by Thomson’s model is about the same size as predicted by Rutherford’s model. This is because the average angle was taken in both models.
According to ‘plum pudding model’ atoms on the whole are electrically neutral because- a)positive charge is concentrated at one place and negative charge is elsewhere.
- b)the negative charge of the atom is uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the atom and the positively charged electrons are embedded in it
- c)the positive charge of the atom is uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the atom and the negatively charged electrons are embedded in it
- d)the positive charge of the atom is uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the electron and the negative charge of electrons balances positive parts
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
According to ‘plum pudding model’ atoms on the whole are electrically neutral because
a)
positive charge is concentrated at one place and negative charge is elsewhere.
b)
the negative charge of the atom is uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the atom and the positively charged electrons are embedded in it
c)
the positive charge of the atom is uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the atom and the negatively charged electrons are embedded in it
d)
the positive charge of the atom is uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the electron and the negative charge of electrons balances positive parts
|
Manoj Chauhan answered |
The plum pudding model is one of several scientific models of the atom. According to J.J. Thomson atomic models the positive particles in the atom form something like the "batter" in a plum pudding, while the negative electrons are scattered through this "batter".
Each element is associated with- a)with a characteristic spectrum of radiation
- b)with a characteristic absorption of monochromatic light
- c)no light radiation or absorption
- d)with a characteristic radiation of monochromatic light
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Each element is associated with
a)
with a characteristic spectrum of radiation
b)
with a characteristic absorption of monochromatic light
c)
no light radiation or absorption
d)
with a characteristic radiation of monochromatic light
|
|
Navya Banerjee answered |
Explanation:
The given question is related to the concept of atomic spectra. Atomic spectra is a characteristic property of every element which is used to identify the element. It is produced when an atom absorbs or emits energy as electromagnetic radiation.
The correct option is A, i.e., each element is associated with a characteristic spectrum of radiation. This means that every element emits or absorbs radiation of a unique wavelength that is specific to that particular element.
The characteristic spectrum of radiation is the set of wavelengths at which an element emits or absorbs radiation. There are three types of atomic spectra:
1. Continuous spectrum: A continuous spectrum is produced when a solid, liquid or dense gas is heated and the atoms in the material emit radiation at all wavelengths. This type of spectrum is not specific to any particular element.
2. Emission spectrum: An emission spectrum is produced when an element is heated or excited with energy, and the electrons in the atom jump to higher energy levels. When these electrons fall back to their original energy levels, they emit energy as radiation. The wavelengths of this radiation are specific to that particular element.
3. Absorption spectrum: An absorption spectrum is produced when an element absorbs certain wavelengths of radiation. When white light is passed through a sample of a specific element, certain wavelengths of light are absorbed by the atoms in the material, leaving dark lines in the spectrum. These dark lines are specific to that particular element.
In summary, the correct option is A because every element is associated with a characteristic spectrum of radiation, which is used to identify the element.
The given question is related to the concept of atomic spectra. Atomic spectra is a characteristic property of every element which is used to identify the element. It is produced when an atom absorbs or emits energy as electromagnetic radiation.
The correct option is A, i.e., each element is associated with a characteristic spectrum of radiation. This means that every element emits or absorbs radiation of a unique wavelength that is specific to that particular element.
The characteristic spectrum of radiation is the set of wavelengths at which an element emits or absorbs radiation. There are three types of atomic spectra:
1. Continuous spectrum: A continuous spectrum is produced when a solid, liquid or dense gas is heated and the atoms in the material emit radiation at all wavelengths. This type of spectrum is not specific to any particular element.
2. Emission spectrum: An emission spectrum is produced when an element is heated or excited with energy, and the electrons in the atom jump to higher energy levels. When these electrons fall back to their original energy levels, they emit energy as radiation. The wavelengths of this radiation are specific to that particular element.
3. Absorption spectrum: An absorption spectrum is produced when an element absorbs certain wavelengths of radiation. When white light is passed through a sample of a specific element, certain wavelengths of light are absorbed by the atoms in the material, leaving dark lines in the spectrum. These dark lines are specific to that particular element.
In summary, the correct option is A because every element is associated with a characteristic spectrum of radiation, which is used to identify the element.
Reason why there are many lines in an atomic spectrum is because- a)All atoms are in the same excited state and make transition to same state
- b)There are many atoms in different states of excitation making transition to the same state
- c)There are many atoms in different states of excitation making transition to different states
- d)All atoms are in the same excited state and make transition to different states
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Reason why there are many lines in an atomic spectrum is because
a)
All atoms are in the same excited state and make transition to same state
b)
There are many atoms in different states of excitation making transition to the same state
c)
There are many atoms in different states of excitation making transition to different states
d)
All atoms are in the same excited state and make transition to different states
|
Nishtha Dasgupta answered |
Lines in the spectrum were due to transitions in which an electron moved from a higher-energy orbit with a larger radius to a lower-energy orbit with smaller radius. The orbit closest to the nucleus represented the ground state of the atom and was most stable; orbits farther away were higher-energy excited states.
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.Assertion : Bohr had to postulate that the electrons in stationary orbits around the nucleus do not radiate.Reason: According to classical physics all moving electrons radiate.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
- c)If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
- d)If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
Assertion : Bohr had to postulate that the electrons in stationary orbits around the nucleus do not radiate.
Reason: According to classical physics all moving electrons radiate.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
c)
If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
d)
If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
|
|
Neha Sharma answered |
Bohr postulated that electrons in stationary orbits around the nucleus do not radiate. This is the one of Bohr’s postulates, According to this the moving electrons radiate only when they go from one orbit to the next lower orbit.
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
Assertion : Electrons in the atom are held due to Coulomb forces.
Reason : The atom is stable only because the centripetal force due to Coulomb’s law is balanced by the centrifugal force.
- a)If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
- c)If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
- d)If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
Assertion : Electrons in the atom are held due to Coulomb forces.
Reason : The atom is stable only because the centripetal force due to Coulomb’s law is balanced by the centrifugal force.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
c)
If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
d)
If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
|
Vivek Rana answered |
Correct option is C. If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
Explanation: The Assertion is correct. Electrons in an atom are indeed held in their positions due to the Coulomb force, which is the electric force between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons.
However, the Reason is incorrect. The stability of an atom is not due to a balance of centripetal and centrifugal forces. The classical concept of centrifugal force balancing the Coulombic centripetal force, as would be the case in a planetary model of the atom, is not valid in quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics, electrons occupy orbitals around the nucleus without necessarily revolving in the classical sense, and their positions and energies are described by wave functions. The stability of the atom is due to the quantum mechanical principles, including the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and the Pauli Exclusion Principle, not a balance of classical forces.
Directions : In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.Assertion (A): Bohr postulated that the electrons in stationary orbits around the nucleus do not radiate.Reason (R): According to classical Physics, all moving electrons radiate.- a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
- b)Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
- c)A is true but R is false
- d)A is false and R is true
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.
Assertion (A): Bohr postulated that the electrons in stationary orbits around the nucleus do not radiate.
Reason (R): According to classical Physics, all moving electrons radiate.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b)
Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c)
A is true but R is false
d)
A is false and R is true
|
|
Ameya Pillai answered |
Assertion and Reason Overview
The question involves analyzing the assertions made by Bohr about electron behavior and the classical physics perspective on electron radiation.
Assertion (A):
Bohr proposed that electrons in stationary orbits around the nucleus do not radiate energy. This is a fundamental tenet of Bohr's model of the atom, which introduced quantized energy levels.
Reason (R):
According to classical physics, any charged particle in motion, such as an electron, should radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. This would lead to a loss of energy and result in the electron spiraling into the nucleus, which contradicts the stability of atoms.
Analysis of the Statements
- True Nature of A:
- Bohr's assertion is indeed true. His model successfully explains the stability of atoms by introducing the concept of stationary orbits where electrons do not radiate energy.
- True Nature of R:
- The reason is also true in the context of classical physics. According to classical theories, electrons in motion should emit radiation due to acceleration.
Explanation of the Correct Choice
- Option B - Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A:
- While both assertions are true, the reason does not serve as a correct explanation for Bohr's postulate. Bohr's model was a breakthrough that specifically addressed the limitations of classical physics, providing a new framework for understanding atomic structure.
Conclusion
Thus, the correct choice is option B, as both statements are valid, but the classical reasoning does not adequately explain the Bohr model's assertion regarding stationary orbits.
The question involves analyzing the assertions made by Bohr about electron behavior and the classical physics perspective on electron radiation.
Assertion (A):
Bohr proposed that electrons in stationary orbits around the nucleus do not radiate energy. This is a fundamental tenet of Bohr's model of the atom, which introduced quantized energy levels.
Reason (R):
According to classical physics, any charged particle in motion, such as an electron, should radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. This would lead to a loss of energy and result in the electron spiraling into the nucleus, which contradicts the stability of atoms.
Analysis of the Statements
- True Nature of A:
- Bohr's assertion is indeed true. His model successfully explains the stability of atoms by introducing the concept of stationary orbits where electrons do not radiate energy.
- True Nature of R:
- The reason is also true in the context of classical physics. According to classical theories, electrons in motion should emit radiation due to acceleration.
Explanation of the Correct Choice
- Option B - Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A:
- While both assertions are true, the reason does not serve as a correct explanation for Bohr's postulate. Bohr's model was a breakthrough that specifically addressed the limitations of classical physics, providing a new framework for understanding atomic structure.
Conclusion
Thus, the correct choice is option B, as both statements are valid, but the classical reasoning does not adequately explain the Bohr model's assertion regarding stationary orbits.
Which of these statements correctly describe the atomic model according to classical electromagnetic theory ?- a)The electrons would spiral inwards and fall into the nucleus
- b)The waves emitted by electrons are discrete
- c)Electrons do not radiate electromagnetic waves
- d)The positive charge and negative electron cancel and no waves are radiated
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of these statements correctly describe the atomic model according to classical electromagnetic theory ?
a)
The electrons would spiral inwards and fall into the nucleus
b)
The waves emitted by electrons are discrete
c)
Electrons do not radiate electromagnetic waves
d)
The positive charge and negative electron cancel and no waves are radiated
|
|
Avantika Dasgupta answered |
In classical electromagnetic theory, atoms and molecules are considered to contain electrical charges (i.e. electrons, ions) which are regarded as oscillating about positions of equilibrium, each with its appropriate natural frequency, v0 . When placed in a radiation field of frequency v , each oscillator in the atom or molecule is set into forced vibration with the same frequency as that of the radiation. The amplitude of the forced vibration is small, but as v approaches v0 , the amplitude of the forced vibration increases rapidly. To account for the absorption of energy from the radiation field, it is necessary to assume that the oscillator in the atom or molecule must overcome some frictional force proportional to its velocity during its forced motion. For small amplitudes of forced oscillation, the frictional force, and therefore the absorption of energy, is negligible. Near resonance , the amplitude of oscillation becomes large, with a correspondingly large absorption of energy to overcome the frictional force. Therefore, the radiation of frequencies near the natural frequency of the oscillator corresponds to an absorption band.
Which of these statements about Bohr model hypothesis is correct?- a)angular momentum is not quantized
- b)electron in a stable orbit does not radiate electromagnetic waves
- c)velocity of electron is quantized
- d)electron in a stable orbit emit quanta of light
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of these statements about Bohr model hypothesis is correct?
a)
angular momentum is not quantized
b)
electron in a stable orbit does not radiate electromagnetic waves
c)
velocity of electron is quantized
d)
electron in a stable orbit emit quanta of light
|
|
Shraddha Choudhury answered |
Bohr Model Hypothesis and Stable Electron Orbit
Bohr model hypothesis is a model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913. It was one of the earliest attempts to explain the structure of atoms and their behavior. The model was based on the assumption that electrons orbit the nucleus in circular paths.
The correct statement about Bohr model hypothesis is:
- Electron in a stable orbit does not radiate electromagnetic waves.
Explanation:
- Electrons in atoms can exist only in certain discrete energy levels. According to Bohr's model, electrons in atoms move around the nucleus in stable orbits, each with a specific energy level.
- Electrons in stable orbits do not emit electromagnetic waves because they are in a stable state and have a fixed amount of energy.
- However, when an electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, it emits a photon of light.
- This is because the energy lost by the electron is emitted as a photon of light. The energy of the photon is equal to the difference in energy between the two energy levels.
- Therefore, the Bohr model hypothesis proposed that the electron does not continuously lose energy as it moves in a circular orbit around the nucleus, but instead only loses energy when it transitions between energy levels.
Conclusion:
Bohr model hypothesis is an important model that helps explain the behavior of atoms. The model is based on the assumption that electrons move around the nucleus in stable orbits and only emit electromagnetic waves when they transition between energy levels. The correct statement about the model is that electrons in a stable orbit do not radiate electromagnetic waves.
Bohr model hypothesis is a model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913. It was one of the earliest attempts to explain the structure of atoms and their behavior. The model was based on the assumption that electrons orbit the nucleus in circular paths.
The correct statement about Bohr model hypothesis is:
- Electron in a stable orbit does not radiate electromagnetic waves.
Explanation:
- Electrons in atoms can exist only in certain discrete energy levels. According to Bohr's model, electrons in atoms move around the nucleus in stable orbits, each with a specific energy level.
- Electrons in stable orbits do not emit electromagnetic waves because they are in a stable state and have a fixed amount of energy.
- However, when an electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, it emits a photon of light.
- This is because the energy lost by the electron is emitted as a photon of light. The energy of the photon is equal to the difference in energy between the two energy levels.
- Therefore, the Bohr model hypothesis proposed that the electron does not continuously lose energy as it moves in a circular orbit around the nucleus, but instead only loses energy when it transitions between energy levels.
Conclusion:
Bohr model hypothesis is an important model that helps explain the behavior of atoms. The model is based on the assumption that electrons move around the nucleus in stable orbits and only emit electromagnetic waves when they transition between energy levels. The correct statement about the model is that electrons in a stable orbit do not radiate electromagnetic waves.
The model that best explains the results of Geiger-Marsden experiment is- a)Thomson model
- b)Thomson model
- c)Rutherford model
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The model that best explains the results of Geiger-Marsden experiment is
a)
Thomson model
b)
Thomson model
c)
Rutherford model
d)
None of the above
|
|
Sankar Banerjee answered |
When Rutherford saw the results of the experiment by Geiger and Marsden, he said:
“It was quite the most incredible event that has ever happened to me in my life. It was almost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you.”
Rutherford used the results of this experiment to develop a new model for the atom. This model proposed a central nucleus with a positive charge. It was this positively charged nucleus that was responsible for the strong backward deflection of the positively charged alpha particles.
The model also proposed that negatively charged electrons surrounded this nucleus. However, as most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil with no deflection at all, Rutherford realised that most of the atom was empty space. So, his model placed the electrons at some distance from the nucleus.
“It was quite the most incredible event that has ever happened to me in my life. It was almost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you.”
Rutherford used the results of this experiment to develop a new model for the atom. This model proposed a central nucleus with a positive charge. It was this positively charged nucleus that was responsible for the strong backward deflection of the positively charged alpha particles.
The model also proposed that negatively charged electrons surrounded this nucleus. However, as most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil with no deflection at all, Rutherford realised that most of the atom was empty space. So, his model placed the electrons at some distance from the nucleus.
Directions : In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.Assertion (A): Bohr model is not applicable for multi-electron models.Reason (R): Bohr model cannot account for sublevel (s, p, d, f) orbitals and electron spin.- a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
- b)Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
- c)A is true but R is false
- d)A is false and R is true
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.
Assertion (A): Bohr model is not applicable for multi-electron models.
Reason (R): Bohr model cannot account for sublevel (s, p, d, f) orbitals and electron spin.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b)
Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c)
A is true but R is false
d)
A is false and R is true
|
|
Anisha Bose answered |
Explanation:
Bohr model is not applicable for multi-electron models because it was developed for hydrogen atom, which has only one electron. As we move to elements with more than one electron, the Bohr model fails to accurately predict the behavior of these atoms.
However, the reason for this limitation is that Bohr model cannot account for sublevel (s, p, d, f) orbitals and electron spin. These concepts are crucial in understanding the behavior of multi-electron atoms.
Therefore, both the Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason provides a correct explanation for why the Bohr model is not applicable for multi-electron models.
Bohr model is not applicable for multi-electron models because it was developed for hydrogen atom, which has only one electron. As we move to elements with more than one electron, the Bohr model fails to accurately predict the behavior of these atoms.
However, the reason for this limitation is that Bohr model cannot account for sublevel (s, p, d, f) orbitals and electron spin. These concepts are crucial in understanding the behavior of multi-electron atoms.
Therefore, both the Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason provides a correct explanation for why the Bohr model is not applicable for multi-electron models.
In which of the models An atom has a nearly continuous mass distribution?- a)Thomson’s model
- b)Bohr model
- c)Rutherford’s model
- d)No model
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In which of the models An atom has a nearly continuous mass distribution?
a)
Thomson’s model
b)
Bohr model
c)
Rutherford’s model
d)
No model
|
|
Naina Datta answered |
An atom has a nearly continuous mass distribution in Thomson’s model, but has a highly non-uniform mass distribution in Rutherford’s model.
Suppose you are given a chance to repeat the alpha-particle scattering experiment using a thin sheet of solid hydrogen in place of the gold foil. (Hydrogen is a solid at temperatures below 14 K.) What results do you expect?- a)there would be scattering at all angles
- b)there would be no scattering
- c)there would be scattering at 90∘
- d)there would be no large-angle scattering
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Suppose you are given a chance to repeat the alpha-particle scattering experiment using a thin sheet of solid hydrogen in place of the gold foil. (Hydrogen is a solid at temperatures below 14 K.) What results do you expect?
a)
there would be scattering at all angles
b)
there would be no scattering
c)
there would be scattering at 90∘
d)
there would be no large-angle scattering
|
Yash Kumar answered |
In the alpha-particle scattering experiment, if a thin sheet of solid hydrogen is used in place of a gold foil, then the scattering angle would not be large enough. This is because the mass of hydrogen (1.67 x 10 −^27 kg) is less than the mass of incident a−particles (6.64 x 10 ^−27 kg). Thus, the mass of the scattering particle is more than the target nucleus (hydrogen).
As a result, the α−particles would not bounce back if solid hydrogen is used in the α-particle scattering experiment.
As a result, the α−particles would not bounce back if solid hydrogen is used in the α-particle scattering experiment.
Probability of backward scattering (i.e., scattering of α -particles at angles greater than 90∘) predicted by Thomson’s model is- a)much less than predicted by Rutherford’s model
- b)much more than predicted by Rutherford’s model
- c)same as predicted by Rutherford’s model
- d)more than predicted by Rutherford’s model
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Probability of backward scattering (i.e., scattering of α -particles at angles greater than 90∘) predicted by Thomson’s model is
a)
much less than predicted by Rutherford’s model
b)
much more than predicted by Rutherford’s model
c)
same as predicted by Rutherford’s model
d)
more than predicted by Rutherford’s model
|
Sounak Mukherjee answered |
In Rutherford's model we have a large massive core called the nucleus whereas, in Thomson's model we do not have. Thus the probability of backward scattering by Thomson's model is much less than that predicted by Rutherford model.
Which of these statements about Bohr model is correct?- a)Bohr model postulates wavy paths around the nucleus
- b)Bohr model combines classical and early quantum concepts
- c)Bohr model is based classical electromagnetic theory
- d)Bohr model is pure quantum mechanical theory
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of these statements about Bohr model is correct?
a)
Bohr model postulates wavy paths around the nucleus
b)
Bohr model combines classical and early quantum concepts
c)
Bohr model is based classical electromagnetic theory
d)
Bohr model is pure quantum mechanical theory
|
|
Isha Rane answered |
Bohr model of the hydrogen atom attempts to plug in certain gaps as suggested by Rutherford’s model by including ideas from the newly developing Quantum hypothesis. According to Rutherford’s model, an atom has a central nucleus and electron/s revolve around it like the sun-planet system.
However, the fundamental difference between the two is that, while the planetary system is held in place by the gravitational force, the nucleus-electron system interacts by Coulomb’s Law of Force. This is because the nucleus and electrons are charged particles. Also, an object moving in a circle undergoes constant acceleration due to the centripetal force.
Further, electromagnetic theory teaches us that an accelerating charged particle emits radiation in the form of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the energy of such an electron should constantly decrease and the electron should collapse into the nucleus. This would make the atom unstable.
The classical electromagnetic theory also states that the frequency of the electromagnetic waves emitted by an accelerating electron is equal to the frequency of revolution. This would mean that, as the electron spirals inwards, it would emit electromagnetic waves of changing frequencies. In other words, it would emit a continuous spectrum. However, actual observation tells us that the electron emits a line spectrum.
However, the fundamental difference between the two is that, while the planetary system is held in place by the gravitational force, the nucleus-electron system interacts by Coulomb’s Law of Force. This is because the nucleus and electrons are charged particles. Also, an object moving in a circle undergoes constant acceleration due to the centripetal force.
Further, electromagnetic theory teaches us that an accelerating charged particle emits radiation in the form of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the energy of such an electron should constantly decrease and the electron should collapse into the nucleus. This would make the atom unstable.
The classical electromagnetic theory also states that the frequency of the electromagnetic waves emitted by an accelerating electron is equal to the frequency of revolution. This would mean that, as the electron spirals inwards, it would emit electromagnetic waves of changing frequencies. In other words, it would emit a continuous spectrum. However, actual observation tells us that the electron emits a line spectrum.
The alpha particle scattering experiment was carried out by:- a)J. Chadwick
- b)Rutherford
- c)Goldstein
- d)J.J. Thomson
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The alpha particle scattering experiment was carried out by:
a)
J. Chadwick
b)
Rutherford
c)
Goldstein
d)
J.J. Thomson
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Arun Khanna answered |
Rutherford Alpha Particle Scattering Experiment.Rutherford directed beams of alpha particles (which are the nuclei of helium atoms and hence positively charged) at thin gold foil to test this model and noted how the alpha particles scattered from the foil.
Which of the following is/are deduced from the Rutherford’s scattering experiment?
(1) There are neutrons inside the nucleus.
(2) The sign of the charge of the nuclei is the same as the sign of alpha particles.
(3) Electrons are embedded in the nucleus.- a)(1) only
- b)(2) only
- c)(3) only
- d)(1) (2) and (3)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is/are deduced from the Rutherford’s scattering experiment?
(1) There are neutrons inside the nucleus.
(2) The sign of the charge of the nuclei is the same as the sign of alpha particles.
(3) Electrons are embedded in the nucleus.
(1) There are neutrons inside the nucleus.
(2) The sign of the charge of the nuclei is the same as the sign of alpha particles.
(3) Electrons are embedded in the nucleus.
a)
(1) only
b)
(2) only
c)
(3) only
d)
(1) (2) and (3)
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Himaja Ammu answered |
When he sent alpha particles during his gold foil experiment he observed that most of the rays moved away from the nucleus.As we know that like charges always repel ,he concluded that the charge the nuclei is same as the charge of alpha particles
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.Assertion : Hydrogen atom consists of only one electron but its emission spectrum has many lines.Reason : Only the Lyman series is found in the absorption spectrum of hydrogen atoms whereas in the emission spectrum, all the series are found.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
- c)If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
- d)If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
Assertion : Hydrogen atom consists of only one electron but its emission spectrum has many lines.
Reason : Only the Lyman series is found in the absorption spectrum of hydrogen atoms whereas in the emission spectrum, all the series are found.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
c)
If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
d)
If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
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Vivek Rana answered |
When the atom gets appropriate energy from outside, then this electron rises to some higher energy level. Now it can return either directly to the lower energy level or come to the lowest energy level after passing through other lower energy levels hence all possible transitions take place in the source and many lines are seen in the spectrum.
Directions : In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.Assertion (A): According to Rutherford, the atomic model, the path of electrons is parabolic.Reason (R): Rutherford could not explain the stability of atoms.- a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
- b)Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
- c)A is true but R is false
- d)A is false and R is true
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions : In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.
Assertion (A): According to Rutherford, the atomic model, the path of electrons is parabolic.
Reason (R): Rutherford could not explain the stability of atoms.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b)
Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c)
A is true but R is false
d)
A is false and R is true
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Srestha Chopra answered |
Assertion (A): According to Rutherford, the atomic model, the path of electrons is parabolic.
Reason (R): Rutherford could not explain the stability of atoms.
The correct answer is option D, which states that Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
Explanation:
- The atomic model proposed by Ernest Rutherford is known as the Rutherford model or the planetary model of the atom. According to this model, the atom consists of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center and electrons moving in circular orbits around the nucleus.
Assertion (A) - According to Rutherford, the atomic model, the path of electrons is parabolic:
- The assertion is false. According to the Rutherford model, the path of electrons is not parabolic but circular. The electrons move in circular orbits around the nucleus, similar to the planets orbiting the sun in our solar system.
Reason (R) - Rutherford could not explain the stability of atoms:
- The reason is true. Although the Rutherford model provided a significant advancement in understanding the structure of atoms, it could not explain the stability of atoms. According to classical electromagnetism, an accelerated charged particle should emit electromagnetic radiation and lose energy, resulting in the collapse of the electron orbits. If this were true, atoms would not be stable, and matter as we know it would not exist.
- However, in reality, atoms are stable, and matter is observed to be persistent. This stability of atoms could not be explained by the classical electromagnetic theory, leading to the development of quantum mechanics, which provides a more accurate description of the behavior of electrons in atoms.
In conclusion, the assertion that the path of electrons in the Rutherford model is parabolic is false. Additionally, Rutherford's model could not explain the stability of atoms, which led to the development of quantum mechanics.
Reason (R): Rutherford could not explain the stability of atoms.
The correct answer is option D, which states that Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
Explanation:
- The atomic model proposed by Ernest Rutherford is known as the Rutherford model or the planetary model of the atom. According to this model, the atom consists of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center and electrons moving in circular orbits around the nucleus.
Assertion (A) - According to Rutherford, the atomic model, the path of electrons is parabolic:
- The assertion is false. According to the Rutherford model, the path of electrons is not parabolic but circular. The electrons move in circular orbits around the nucleus, similar to the planets orbiting the sun in our solar system.
Reason (R) - Rutherford could not explain the stability of atoms:
- The reason is true. Although the Rutherford model provided a significant advancement in understanding the structure of atoms, it could not explain the stability of atoms. According to classical electromagnetism, an accelerated charged particle should emit electromagnetic radiation and lose energy, resulting in the collapse of the electron orbits. If this were true, atoms would not be stable, and matter as we know it would not exist.
- However, in reality, atoms are stable, and matter is observed to be persistent. This stability of atoms could not be explained by the classical electromagnetic theory, leading to the development of quantum mechanics, which provides a more accurate description of the behavior of electrons in atoms.
In conclusion, the assertion that the path of electrons in the Rutherford model is parabolic is false. Additionally, Rutherford's model could not explain the stability of atoms, which led to the development of quantum mechanics.
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
Assertion : According to classical theory the proposed path of an electron in Rutherford atom model will be parabolic.
Reason : According to electromagnetic theory an accelerated particle continuously emits radiation.
- a)If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
- c)If the Assertion is correct but the Reason is incorrect.
- d)If Assertion is incorrect but Reason are correct.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
Assertion : According to classical theory the proposed path of an electron in Rutherford atom model will be parabolic.
Reason : According to electromagnetic theory an accelerated particle continuously emits radiation.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
c)
If the Assertion is correct but the Reason is incorrect.
d)
If Assertion is incorrect but Reason are correct.
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Lavanya Menon answered |
Explanation: The Assertion is incorrect because, according to classical theory, the proposed path of an electron in the Rutherford atom model would not be parabolic; it would be elliptical or circular. The model predicted that electrons orbit the nucleus much like planets orbiting the sun, which would lead to closed orbits, not open parabolic paths.
The Reason is correct in stating that according to classical electromagnetic theory, an accelerated charged particle emits radiation. However, this emission of radiation would cause the electron to lose energy and spiral into the nucleus rather than follow a parabolic path. This was one of the key issues with the Rutherford model, as it could not explain the stability of atoms, since classical mechanics would predict that electrons should crash into the nucleus rather than staying in a stable orbit.
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.Assertion : In Lyman series, the ratio of minimum and maximum wavelength is 3/4Reason : Lyman series constitute spectral lines corresponding to transition from higher energy to ground state of the hydrogen atom.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
- c)If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
- d)If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
Assertion : In Lyman series, the ratio of minimum and maximum wavelength is 3/4
Reason : Lyman series constitute spectral lines corresponding to transition from higher energy to ground state of the hydrogen atom.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
c)
If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
d)
If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
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Vivek Rana answered |
For the Lyman series, n1 = 1. For the next level, n2 = 2
so by eq.1 the ratio of minimum and maximum wavelength is 3/4.
Hence the assertion is correct.
Yes, the Lyman series constitutes spectral lines corresponding to the transition from higher energy to the ground state of the hydrogen atom. so the reason is also correct. But the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. Hence option 'B' is correct.
According to Bohr model radiation takes place when- a)there is transition from one of the stable orbits of definite energy to another of higher energy
- b)there is transition from one of the unstable orbits of definite energy to another of higher energy
- c)there is transition from one of the unstable orbits of definite energy to another of same energy
- d)there is transition from one of the stable orbits of definite energy to another of lower energy. hν = Ef−Ei
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
According to Bohr model radiation takes place when
a)
there is transition from one of the stable orbits of definite energy to another of higher energy
b)
there is transition from one of the unstable orbits of definite energy to another of higher energy
c)
there is transition from one of the unstable orbits of definite energy to another of same energy
d)
there is transition from one of the stable orbits of definite energy to another of lower energy. hν = Ef−Ei
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Kalyan Chavan answered |
In 1913 Bohr proposed his quantized shell model of the atom to explain how electrons can have stable orbits around the nucleus. The motion of the electrons in the Rutherford model was unstable because, according to classical mechanics and electromagnetic theory, any charged particle moving on a curved path emits electromagnetic radiation; thus, the electrons would lose energy and spiral into the nucleus. To remedy the stability problem, Bohr modified the Rutherford model by requiring that the electrons move in orbits of fixed size and energy. The energy of an electron depends on the size of the orbit and is lower for smaller orbits. Radiation can occur only when the electron jumps from one orbit to another. The atom will be completely stable in the state with the smallest orbit, since there is no orbit of lower energy into which the electron can jump.
hν = Ef−Ei
hν = Ef−Ei
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