All questions of Forest and Wildlife Resources (Old NCERT) for Class 10 Exam

Endemic species are species which are found isolated by geographical barriers.

The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted for protection of plants and animal species. Before 1972, India only had five designated national parks.

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The "Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972" was enacted by the Parliament of India in order to conserve animals, birds, plants and the matters connected therewith in 1972.

The process of transformation of things available in our environment involves an interdependent relationship between nature, technology and institutions. Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.

Endemic species are species which are found isolated by geographical barriers.
Extinct species are species which are not found in areas where they may occur.
Rare species are species which are found rarely in the forests.
Normal species are found in forests easily.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C'.

72 zoological parks zoos in India | nature wildlife in India.

The endangered species of animals are Rhinoceros, Tiger, Indian Bustard.

Why

Himalayan Yew is a medicinal plant. It is found in Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh. It is used in making drugs. These drugs are used for treating some types of cancer.

Biotic resources are those resources that are obtained from the biosphere, which refers to the part of the Earth where living organisms exist. These resources are derived from living or once-living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. Biotic resources are essential for the survival and well-being of human beings as they provide us with food, medicine, fuel, and other materials necessary for our daily lives.

Here are some key points to understand why the correct answer is option 'B':

1. Definition of Biotic Resources:
- Biotic resources are derived from the biosphere, which encompasses all living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
- These resources include both renewable and non-renewable resources obtained from living organisms.

2. Examples of Biotic Resources:
- Food: Crops, fruits, vegetables, fish, meat, and other edible products are obtained from plants and animals.
- Medicines: Many medicines and drugs are derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms.
- Timber: Wood, used for construction and furniture, is obtained from trees.
- Fibers: Cotton, jute, and silk are obtained from plants and animals and used for making textiles.
- Fuel: Biomass, such as wood and agricultural waste, can be used as a source of energy.
- Animal products: Products like wool, leather, and honey are obtained from animals.

3. Importance of Biotic Resources:
- Biotic resources are vital for sustaining life on Earth and supporting various human activities.
- They provide us with essential nutrients, energy, and raw materials for manufacturing.
- Biotic resources also contribute to the economy through agriculture, forestry, and pharmaceutical industries.
- Preservation and sustainable management of biotic resources are crucial to maintain ecological balance and ensure the availability of these resources for future generations.

In conclusion, biotic resources are those obtained from the biosphere, which includes living organisms. These resources are fundamental for human survival and provide us with food, medicine, fuel, and various other materials necessary for our daily needs.

Species which are facing high risk of extinction are called endangered species.

Intensive agriculture is done on the type of soil known as Khadar.

72 zoological parks zoos in India | nature wildlife in India.

Overview of the Himalayan Yew
The Himalayan yew, scientifically known as *Taxus wallichiana*, is a medicinal plant that has garnered attention due to its therapeutic properties and is currently facing threats of extinction.
Medicinal Properties
- The Himalayan yew is primarily known for its bark and needles, which contain compounds like paclitaxel, commonly used in cancer treatment.
- Paclitaxel is effective against various cancers, including breast and ovarian cancer, making the Himalayan yew invaluable in modern medicine.
Threats to Extinction
- Overharvesting: Due to its medicinal value, the Himalayan yew has been extensively harvested, leading to reduced populations in its natural habitat.
- Habitat loss: Environmental changes, deforestation, and development activities have contributed to the decline of its natural ecosystems.
Conservation Efforts
- Efforts are being made to conserve the Himalayan yew, including creating protected areas and promoting sustainable harvesting practices.
- Research and cultivation programs aim to ensure that this vital plant can continue to provide its medicinal benefits without endangering its existence.
Conclusion
The Himalayan yew is a critical medicinal plant at risk of extinction. Its unique properties and the ongoing threats it faces highlight the need for conservation and sustainable practices to protect this valuable species for future generations.

Evergreen forests are found in the Assam Valley, the foothills of the eastern Himalayas and the lower parts of the Naga Hills, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Manipur, where the rainfall exceeds 2,300 mm (91 in) per annum.

Understanding the Assertion and Reason
The assertion states that India's biodiversity is vital for ecological balance and supports various life forms. This highlights the importance of biodiversity in sustaining ecosystems, which is indeed true.
Significance of Biodiversity
- Biodiversity contributes to ecosystem stability.
- It provides essential services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation.
- A healthy biodiversity is crucial for food security and medical resources.
Evaluating the Reason
The reason claims that the majority of species in India are well-documented and do not face extinction threats. This statement is misleading.
- Many species in India are not well-documented; significant gaps in biological knowledge exist.
- Numerous species are currently facing threats due to habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, and over-exploitation.
Conclusion
Given this context:
- Assertion (A) is true; biodiversity is critical for ecological balance in India.
- Reason (R) is false; many species are under threat, and not all are well-documented.
Thus, the correct answer is option C: Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

Understanding the Assertion and Reason
The Assertion (A) states that local communities in India have effectively implemented conservation strategies based on their traditional knowledge. The Reason (R) provides examples, such as the Chipko movement and sacred groves, showing how traditional beliefs contribute to biodiversity conservation.
Analysis of Assertion (A)
- Local communities in India, especially in rural areas, have a deep-rooted understanding of their environment.
- They utilize traditional practices that promote sustainable use of natural resources.
- Successful initiatives like community-managed forests and organic farming are examples of this assertion.
Analysis of Reason (R)
- The Chipko movement, which began in the 1970s, involved villagers hugging trees to prevent deforestation.
- It showcased how local people mobilized to protect their forests, demonstrating the power of traditional ecological knowledge.
- Sacred groves serve as ecological sanctuaries where specific trees and species are protected based on cultural beliefs, promoting biodiversity.
Connection Between A and R
- Both the Assertion and the Reason highlight the successful integration of traditional knowledge into conservation efforts.
- The Chipko movement and sacred groves are clear examples that validate the Assertion, making the Reason a correct explanation of the Assertion.
Conclusion
Given the alignment of traditional practices with effective conservation strategies, the answer is:
- Option A: Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
This demonstrates how cultural beliefs can lead to successful conservation outcomes, emphasizing the importance of local knowledge in biodiversity preservation.

The sangai is an endemic and endangered subspecies of brow-antlered deer found only in Manipur, India. It is also the state animal of Manipur. Its common English name is Manipur brow-antlered deer or Eld's deer and the scientific name is Rucervus eldii eldii. Its original natural habitat is the floating marshy grasslands of the Keibul Lamjao National Park, located in the southern parts of the Loktak Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in eastern India.

Bengal tigers, scientifically known as Panthera tigris tigris, are specifically found in the Delta area. Here is an explanation of why this is the correct answer:

Bengal Tigers
- Bengal tigers are one of the six tiger subspecies and are native to the Indian subcontinent.
- They are known for their distinct orange coat with black stripes, which provides excellent camouflage in their habitat.

Distribution
- Bengal tigers are primarily found in India, with the largest population residing in the Sundarbans mangrove forest in the Ganges Delta.
- The Sundarbans is a vast delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers, and it spans across India and Bangladesh.
- This delta region is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site and is home to the largest population of Bengal tigers.

Habitat
- The Delta area provides a unique habitat for Bengal tigers due to its combination of mangrove forests, freshwater swamps, and tidal mudflats.
- The tigers are adapted to this specific environment, where they can swim, wade through water, and move through the dense vegetation.
- The mangroves serve as an ideal hunting ground for the tigers, as they provide cover and attract prey such as deer, wild boar, and various types of birds.

Threats and Conservation
- Despite being found in a specific region, Bengal tigers are classified as an endangered species due to various threats.
- Habitat loss, poaching for their body parts, and human-wildlife conflict are some of the major challenges faced by these tigers.
- Conservation efforts, including protected areas, anti-poaching measures, and community involvement, are crucial for the survival of Bengal tigers.

In conclusion, Bengal tigers are specifically found in the Delta area, particularly in the Sundarbans mangrove forest of the Ganges Delta. This region provides the perfect habitat for these majestic creatures, allowing them to thrive and maintain their population.

The Concept of Extinction
Extinction refers to the complete disappearance of a species from the planet. This can occur naturally over time or can be accelerated by human activities. Understanding species that are no longer found in their known habitats is crucial for conservation efforts.
Definition of Extinct Species
- An extinct species is one that has no living individuals left.
- They cannot be found despite extensive searches in their known or potential habitats.
Reasons for Extinction
- Habitat Loss: Destruction of natural habitats due to urbanization, agriculture, and deforestation.
- Climate Change: Alterations in climate can make environments unsuitable for certain species.
- Overexploitation: Unsustainable hunting, fishing, and harvesting practices can lead to population declines.
- Invasive Species: Introduction of non-native species can disrupt local ecosystems and outcompete native species.
Importance of Recognizing Extinct Species
- Understanding extinction helps in wildlife conservation and biodiversity preservation.
- Identifying extinct species raises awareness about the fragility of ecosystems and the consequences of human actions.
Conclusion
In summary, species that are not found after thorough searches in their known habitats are classified as extinct. This classification highlights the importance of biodiversity and the urgent need for conservation efforts to protect remaining species before they face a similar fate. Recognizing these extinct species can serve as a reminder of what has been lost and emphasize the need for sustainable practices to prevent further extinctions.

A vulnerable species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as likely to become endangered unless the circumstances that are threatening its survival and reproduction improve. Vulnerability is mainly caused by habitat loss or destruction of the species home.

Sediment that is deposited on floodplains and deltas by rivers and streams during seasonal flooding is called Alluvial soil.

The correct answer is option 'C': Insensitivity to our environment.

Explanation:
Insensitivity to our environment refers to the lack of awareness and concern for the impact of human activities on the environment. This insensitivity leads to actions that harm the diverse flora and fauna of the planet.

1. Destruction of habitats: Insensitivity to our environment often results in the destruction of natural habitats. Forests are cleared for agriculture, urbanization, and industrialization, leading to the loss of habitat for many plant and animal species. This destruction disrupts ecosystems and threatens the survival of various species.

2. Deforestation: Insensitivity to our environment also contributes to deforestation. Trees are cut down for timber, agriculture, and other purposes, causing the loss of important ecosystems and habitats. Deforestation reduces biodiversity and negatively affects the flora and fauna that rely on forest ecosystems.

3. Overexploitation: Insensitivity to our environment leads to the overexploitation of natural resources. This includes overfishing, illegal hunting, and the unsustainable harvesting of plants. Overexploitation can result in the depletion of certain species and disrupt the delicate balance of ecosystems.

4. Pollution: While pollution is not the correct answer in this case, it is worth mentioning that insensitivity to our environment also contributes to increasing pollution levels. Pollution from various sources, such as industrial waste, agricultural run-off, and improper waste management, can harm both plants and animals. It contaminates water bodies, degrades air quality, and affects the health and survival of species.

5. Climate change: Although global warming is not the correct answer, it is important to note that insensitivity to our environment also contributes to climate change. Activities such as deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, and the release of greenhouse gases are major contributors to climate change. Climate change has significant impacts on ecosystems, altering temperature and precipitation patterns, and affecting the distribution and survival of plant and animal species.

In conclusion, insensitivity to our environment plays a significant role in the threat faced by the diverse flora and fauna of the planet. It leads to the destruction of habitats, deforestation, overexploitation, and ultimately disrupts ecosystems and biodiversity. It is essential for individuals and societies to become more aware and sensitive to the environment to ensure the protection and conservation of our valuable natural resources.

Characteristics of Black Soil
Black soil, also known as Regur soil, is primarily found in India and has distinct characteristics that make it unique. The question outlines various properties of black soil, and the correct answer is option 'D' (1, 3, and 4). Here’s a detailed explanation:
1) Cracks During Hot Weather
- Black soil is known for developing cracks during hot weather.
- These cracks form as the soil dries out, making it suitable for crops like cotton, which thrive in such conditions.
2) Iron Content and Iron Oxide
- While black soil does contain iron, the statement that it turns into iron oxide due to diffusion is misleading.
- The iron content does not primarily change into iron oxide through diffusion processes in this soil type.
3) Fine Clay Particles
- Black soil is characterized by its fine texture, composed predominantly of clay particles.
- This fine texture contributes to its ability to hold moisture effectively.
4) Moisture Retention
- One of the key features of black soil is its excellent moisture retention capacity.
- This characteristic allows it to remain fertile and supports the growth of various crops.
Conclusion
- Therefore, statements 1, 3, and 4 correctly represent the characteristics of black soil, which is why option 'D' is the right answer.
- Understanding these properties is crucial for agricultural practices and soil management in regions where black soil is prevalent.

The number of Endangered Species: 79 species of mammals, 44 of birds, 15 of reptiles, and 3 of amphibians, 1,500 plant species are considered endangered.

The brown bear—the Himalayan brown bear is an endangered animal that can be found in some of the most remote mountain regions of Nepal, India, Pakistan and Tibet.

The species which are not found after searching known areas where they may occur is said to have undergone extinction.

• Extinction in biology or ecology means the end of organism or group of organisms.
• Some of the animals that faced extinction are woolly mammoth, stellar sea cow, dodo etc.

Renewable resources are those which get renewed or replenished quickly, for ex- wind energy, solar energy etc.

Launched in 1971, UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an Intergovernmental Scientific Programme that aims to establish a scientific basis for the improvement of relationships between people and their environments.