All Exams >
NEET >
Chemistry CUET UG Mock Test Series 2026 >
All Questions
All questions of Chemistry CUET UG Mock Tests 2026 for NEET Exam
What is the major product of bromination of anisole in ethanoic acid?- a)o-Dibromobenzene
- b)p-Dibromobenzene
- c)o-Bromoanisole
- d)p-Bromoanisole
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the major product of bromination of anisole in ethanoic acid?
a)
o-Dibromobenzene
b)
p-Dibromobenzene
c)
o-Bromoanisole
d)
p-Bromoanisole
|
Nilanjan Malik answered |
Understanding Bromination of Anisole
Bromination of anisole in ethanoic acid primarily leads to the formation of p-bromoanisole due to the directing effects of the methoxy group (-OCH3) present in anisole.
Mechanism of Bromination
- Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Anisole undergoes bromination via an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism.
- Formation of Bromonium Ion: The bromine molecule (Br2) acts as an electrophile, leading to the formation of a bromonium ion.
Director Effects of the Methoxy Group
- Activating Group: The methoxy group is an electron-donating group, which activates the benzene ring.
- Ortho/Para Directing: It directs incoming electrophiles to the ortho and para positions relative to itself.
Product Distribution
- Preferred Position: While both ortho and para products can form, the para product (p-bromoanisole) is favored due to steric hindrance. The ortho position is more crowded, making the para position more favorable for substitution.
Conclusion
The major product of bromination of anisole in ethanoic acid is p-bromoanisole (option D). This outcome is a result of the methoxy group's activating and ortho/para directing effects, which lead to preferential substitution at the para position over the ortho position.
Bromination of anisole in ethanoic acid primarily leads to the formation of p-bromoanisole due to the directing effects of the methoxy group (-OCH3) present in anisole.
Mechanism of Bromination
- Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Anisole undergoes bromination via an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism.
- Formation of Bromonium Ion: The bromine molecule (Br2) acts as an electrophile, leading to the formation of a bromonium ion.
Director Effects of the Methoxy Group
- Activating Group: The methoxy group is an electron-donating group, which activates the benzene ring.
- Ortho/Para Directing: It directs incoming electrophiles to the ortho and para positions relative to itself.
Product Distribution
- Preferred Position: While both ortho and para products can form, the para product (p-bromoanisole) is favored due to steric hindrance. The ortho position is more crowded, making the para position more favorable for substitution.
Conclusion
The major product of bromination of anisole in ethanoic acid is p-bromoanisole (option D). This outcome is a result of the methoxy group's activating and ortho/para directing effects, which lead to preferential substitution at the para position over the ortho position.
Which of the following is incorrect regarding receptors?- a)They have constant shape
- b)They are proteins
- c)The shape of receptors binding site changes to fit the messenger
- d)They are present in the cell membrane
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is incorrect regarding receptors?
a)
They have constant shape
b)
They are proteins
c)
The shape of receptors binding site changes to fit the messenger
d)
They are present in the cell membrane
|
Mihir Yadav answered |
Receptors
Receptors are specialized proteins that are present on the surface of cells or inside the cells. They play a key role in cellular communication and signal transduction.
Shape of Receptor Binding Site
The binding site of the receptor is the specific location where the messenger molecule or ligand binds to the receptor. The shape of the receptor binding site is not constant, but rather it changes to fit the shape of the messenger molecule. This allows the receptor to selectively bind to specific messenger molecules.
Presence of Receptors
Receptors are present in the cell membrane and also inside the cells. The receptors present in the cell membrane are called cell surface receptors, and they are involved in receiving signals from the extracellular environment. The receptors present inside the cells are called intracellular receptors, and they are involved in receiving signals from within the cell.
Protein Nature of Receptors
Receptors are proteins that are made up of amino acids. The amino acid sequence determines the overall shape of the receptor, including the shape of the binding site.
Incorrect Option
Option A, which states that receptors have a constant shape, is incorrect. The shape of the receptor binding site changes to fit the shape of the messenger molecule, allowing for selective binding.
Receptors are specialized proteins that are present on the surface of cells or inside the cells. They play a key role in cellular communication and signal transduction.
Shape of Receptor Binding Site
The binding site of the receptor is the specific location where the messenger molecule or ligand binds to the receptor. The shape of the receptor binding site is not constant, but rather it changes to fit the shape of the messenger molecule. This allows the receptor to selectively bind to specific messenger molecules.
Presence of Receptors
Receptors are present in the cell membrane and also inside the cells. The receptors present in the cell membrane are called cell surface receptors, and they are involved in receiving signals from the extracellular environment. The receptors present inside the cells are called intracellular receptors, and they are involved in receiving signals from within the cell.
Protein Nature of Receptors
Receptors are proteins that are made up of amino acids. The amino acid sequence determines the overall shape of the receptor, including the shape of the binding site.
Incorrect Option
Option A, which states that receptors have a constant shape, is incorrect. The shape of the receptor binding site changes to fit the shape of the messenger molecule, allowing for selective binding.
How is carbolic acid prepared from benzene diazonium chloride?- a)Treating it with nitrous acid at 275K
- b)Preparing an aqueous solution and warming it
- c)Treating it with sodium hydroxide
- d)Freezing it
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
How is carbolic acid prepared from benzene diazonium chloride?
a)
Treating it with nitrous acid at 275K
b)
Preparing an aqueous solution and warming it
c)
Treating it with sodium hydroxide
d)
Freezing it
|
Nisha Pillai answered |
Preparation of Carbolic Acid from Benzene Diazonium Chloride:
Step 1: Diazotization reaction
- Benzene is treated with nitrous acid at 0-5°C to form benzene diazonium chloride.
Step 2: Preparation of Aqueous Solution
- The obtained benzene diazonium chloride is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution.
Step 3: Warming of Aqueous Solution
- The aqueous solution of benzene diazonium chloride is warmed to about 70-80°C.
Step 4: Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide
- Sodium hydroxide solution is added to the warmed aqueous solution of benzene diazonium chloride.
Step 5: Formation of Carbolic Acid
- The reaction between benzene diazonium chloride and sodium hydroxide forms carbolic acid or phenol.
Explanation:
- Benzene diazonium chloride is prepared by treating benzene with nitrous acid at 0-5°C.
- The obtained benzene diazonium chloride is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution.
- This aqueous solution is then warmed to about 70-80°C.
- Sodium hydroxide solution is added to the warmed aqueous solution of benzene diazonium chloride.
- The reaction between benzene diazonium chloride and sodium hydroxide forms carbolic acid or phenol.
- The reaction can be represented as follows:
C6H5N2Cl + NaOH → C6H5OH + N2 + NaCl
- Carbolic acid or phenol is a white crystalline solid with a sweet odor and is widely used in the production of various chemicals and drugs.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer as carbolic acid is prepared from benzene diazonium chloride by preparing an aqueous solution and warming it.
Step 1: Diazotization reaction
- Benzene is treated with nitrous acid at 0-5°C to form benzene diazonium chloride.
Step 2: Preparation of Aqueous Solution
- The obtained benzene diazonium chloride is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution.
Step 3: Warming of Aqueous Solution
- The aqueous solution of benzene diazonium chloride is warmed to about 70-80°C.
Step 4: Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide
- Sodium hydroxide solution is added to the warmed aqueous solution of benzene diazonium chloride.
Step 5: Formation of Carbolic Acid
- The reaction between benzene diazonium chloride and sodium hydroxide forms carbolic acid or phenol.
Explanation:
- Benzene diazonium chloride is prepared by treating benzene with nitrous acid at 0-5°C.
- The obtained benzene diazonium chloride is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution.
- This aqueous solution is then warmed to about 70-80°C.
- Sodium hydroxide solution is added to the warmed aqueous solution of benzene diazonium chloride.
- The reaction between benzene diazonium chloride and sodium hydroxide forms carbolic acid or phenol.
- The reaction can be represented as follows:
C6H5N2Cl + NaOH → C6H5OH + N2 + NaCl
- Carbolic acid or phenol is a white crystalline solid with a sweet odor and is widely used in the production of various chemicals and drugs.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer as carbolic acid is prepared from benzene diazonium chloride by preparing an aqueous solution and warming it.
What is the common name of O2SCl2?- a)Sulfur oxochloride
- b)Sulfuryl dioxo-dichloride
- c)Sulfuryl chloride
- d)Thionyl chloride
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the common name of O2SCl2?
a)
Sulfur oxochloride
b)
Sulfuryl dioxo-dichloride
c)
Sulfuryl chloride
d)
Thionyl chloride
|
Rutuja Mehta answered |
Common Name of O2SCl2
Sulfuryl Chloride
Explanation:
Sulfuryl chloride is a chemical compound with the formula SO2Cl2. It is a colorless to yellowish-red liquid that can react violently with water to release hydrogen chloride gas. Sulfuryl chloride is used as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a chlorinating agent for rubber and textiles, and as a fumigant in the food industry.
Sulfuryl chloride is the common name for O2SCl2 because it is derived from the combination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and chlorine (Cl2) gases. The prefix "sulfonyl" is used to denote a functional group consisting of a sulfur atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom and singly bonded to two other groups, usually carbon or hydrogen. In the case of sulfuryl chloride, the functional group is SO2Cl, which contains two oxygen atoms and two chlorine atoms. Therefore, the name "sulfuryl chloride" accurately describes the composition of the compound.
Sulfuryl Chloride
Explanation:
Sulfuryl chloride is a chemical compound with the formula SO2Cl2. It is a colorless to yellowish-red liquid that can react violently with water to release hydrogen chloride gas. Sulfuryl chloride is used as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a chlorinating agent for rubber and textiles, and as a fumigant in the food industry.
Sulfuryl chloride is the common name for O2SCl2 because it is derived from the combination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and chlorine (Cl2) gases. The prefix "sulfonyl" is used to denote a functional group consisting of a sulfur atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom and singly bonded to two other groups, usually carbon or hydrogen. In the case of sulfuryl chloride, the functional group is SO2Cl, which contains two oxygen atoms and two chlorine atoms. Therefore, the name "sulfuryl chloride" accurately describes the composition of the compound.
At NTP, the solubility of natural gas in water is 0.8 mole of gas/kg of water. What is the Henry’s law constant for natural gas?- a)8 kN/m2
- b)7.90 x 10-3 Pa
- c)71.36 bar
- d)105 mmHg
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
At NTP, the solubility of natural gas in water is 0.8 mole of gas/kg of water. What is the Henry’s law constant for natural gas?
a)
8 kN/m2
b)
7.90 x 10-3 Pa
c)
71.36 bar
d)
105 mmHg
|
Abhijeet Sharma answered |
The Henry's Law constant (H) is a measure of the solubility of a gas in a liquid and is defined as the ratio of the concentration of the gas in the liquid phase to the partial pressure of the gas in the gaseous phase at equilibrium.
In this case, the Henry's Law constant (H) can be calculated using the following equation:
H = (concentration of gas in liquid phase) / (partial pressure of gas in gaseous phase)
Given that the solubility of natural gas in water is 0.8 mole of gas per kg of water, we can assume that the concentration of gas in the liquid phase is 0.8 mol/kg.
At NTP (Normal Temperature and Pressure), the partial pressure of the gas is 1 atm.
Therefore, the Henry's Law constant (H) can be calculated as:
H = (0.8 mol/kg) / (1 atm)
H = 0.8 mol/kg/atm
So, the Henry's Law constant for the solubility of natural gas in water at NTP is 0.8 mol/kg/atm.
In this case, the Henry's Law constant (H) can be calculated using the following equation:
H = (concentration of gas in liquid phase) / (partial pressure of gas in gaseous phase)
Given that the solubility of natural gas in water is 0.8 mole of gas per kg of water, we can assume that the concentration of gas in the liquid phase is 0.8 mol/kg.
At NTP (Normal Temperature and Pressure), the partial pressure of the gas is 1 atm.
Therefore, the Henry's Law constant (H) can be calculated as:
H = (0.8 mol/kg) / (1 atm)
H = 0.8 mol/kg/atm
So, the Henry's Law constant for the solubility of natural gas in water at NTP is 0.8 mol/kg/atm.
Which of the following ions is the brown ring test useful for determining?- a)NO2-
- b)NO2+
- c)NO2
- d)NO3-
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following ions is the brown ring test useful for determining?
a)
NO2-
b)
NO2+
c)
NO2
d)
NO3-
|
Vivek Rana answered |
The brown ring test is used to determine the presence of nitrate ions, NO3-. Dilute ferrous sulfate solution is added to solution containing nitrate ion. Following this, concentrated sulfuric acid is added along the sides of the test tube. A brown ring is formed at the junction concentrated sulfuric acid and solutions.
Which of the following reactions best represents lab scale preparation of nitric acid?- a)3HNO2 → HNO3 + H2O + 2NO
- b)NO2 + O2 → NO3
- c)NaNO3 + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HNO3
- d)3NO2 + H2O → 2HNO3 + NO
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following reactions best represents lab scale preparation of nitric acid?
a)
3HNO2 → HNO3 + H2O + 2NO
b)
NO2 + O2 → NO3
c)
NaNO3 + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HNO3
d)
3NO2 + H2O → 2HNO3 + NO
|
Tanuja Kapoor answered |
The most appropriate lab scale preparation method of nitric acid, HNO3 is using an alkali nitrate salt and react it with concentration nitric acid in a glass retort. Nitrous acid being highly unstable decomposes into nitric acid. The other two sets of reaction represent the industrial process of manufacturing nitric acid i.e. Ostwald’s process.
Which of the following is known as fight or flight hormone?- a)Epinephrine
- b)Norepinephrine
- c)Insulin
- d)Thyroxine
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is known as fight or flight hormone?
a)
Epinephrine
b)
Norepinephrine
c)
Insulin
d)
Thyroxine
|
Ameya Pillai answered |
Epinephrine: The Fight or Flight Hormone
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands in response to stress or danger. It prepares the body for the "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.
Effects of Epinephrine
When epinephrine is released into the bloodstream, it has several effects on the body, including:
1. Increased heart rate: Epinephrine stimulates the heart to beat faster, increasing blood flow to muscles and vital organs.
2. Constriction of blood vessels: Epinephrine causes blood vessels to constrict, redirecting blood flow to essential organs like the brain and heart.
3. Bronchodilation: Epinephrine relaxes the muscles in the lungs, allowing more air to flow in and out.
4. Increased blood sugar: Epinephrine stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, providing energy for the body to respond to the stressor.
The Fight or Flight Response
The fight or flight response is the body's natural reaction to stress or danger. When a threat is perceived, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, triggering the release of epinephrine and other stress hormones.
The fight or flight response prepares the body for action by:
1. Increasing heart rate and blood pressure
2. Dilating pupils
3. Constricting blood vessels
4. Increasing respiration
5. Diverting blood flow away from nonessential organs
6. Mobilizing energy stores
Conclusion
Epinephrine is known as the fight or flight hormone because it plays a crucial role in preparing the body to respond to stress or danger. Its effects on the body help to ensure survival in threatening situations by increasing alertness, energy, and physical performance.
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands in response to stress or danger. It prepares the body for the "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.
Effects of Epinephrine
When epinephrine is released into the bloodstream, it has several effects on the body, including:
1. Increased heart rate: Epinephrine stimulates the heart to beat faster, increasing blood flow to muscles and vital organs.
2. Constriction of blood vessels: Epinephrine causes blood vessels to constrict, redirecting blood flow to essential organs like the brain and heart.
3. Bronchodilation: Epinephrine relaxes the muscles in the lungs, allowing more air to flow in and out.
4. Increased blood sugar: Epinephrine stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, providing energy for the body to respond to the stressor.
The Fight or Flight Response
The fight or flight response is the body's natural reaction to stress or danger. When a threat is perceived, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, triggering the release of epinephrine and other stress hormones.
The fight or flight response prepares the body for action by:
1. Increasing heart rate and blood pressure
2. Dilating pupils
3. Constricting blood vessels
4. Increasing respiration
5. Diverting blood flow away from nonessential organs
6. Mobilizing energy stores
Conclusion
Epinephrine is known as the fight or flight hormone because it plays a crucial role in preparing the body to respond to stress or danger. Its effects on the body help to ensure survival in threatening situations by increasing alertness, energy, and physical performance.
Which is a more vital source of elemental sulfur?- a)Oceans
- b)Wind
- c)Soil
- d)Volcanoes
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which is a more vital source of elemental sulfur?
a)
Oceans
b)
Wind
c)
Soil
d)
Volcanoes
|
Mansi Nair answered |
Importance of Elemental Sulfur
Elemental sulfur is an essential component in various industrial and agricultural processes. It is used in the production of sulfuric acid, fertilizers, and pesticides. It is also used in the purification of metals and the production of rubber products and pharmaceuticals.
Sources of Elemental Sulfur
There are several sources of elemental sulfur, including oceans, wind, soil, and volcanoes. However, not all sources are equally significant in terms of the amount of sulfur they provide.
Oceans and Wind
Oceans and wind are natural sources of sulfur, but they are not significant sources of elemental sulfur. The sulfur in oceans and wind is present in the form of sulfate minerals and aerosols, which are not readily available for industrial or agricultural purposes.
Soil
Soil is a significant source of elemental sulfur, but the amount of sulfur present in soil varies greatly depending on the location. In areas with high levels of volcanic activity, the soil may contain high levels of sulfur. However, in most agricultural regions, the amount of sulfur in soil is relatively low.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes are the most significant natural source of elemental sulfur. Volcanic eruptions release large amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which can react with oxygen and water vapor to form sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid then falls to the ground as acid rain, which can contribute to the accumulation of elemental sulfur in soil.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while there are several natural sources of elemental sulfur, volcanoes are the most significant source. The sulfur released during volcanic eruptions can contribute to the accumulation of sulfur in soil, which is essential for various industrial and agricultural processes.
Elemental sulfur is an essential component in various industrial and agricultural processes. It is used in the production of sulfuric acid, fertilizers, and pesticides. It is also used in the purification of metals and the production of rubber products and pharmaceuticals.
Sources of Elemental Sulfur
There are several sources of elemental sulfur, including oceans, wind, soil, and volcanoes. However, not all sources are equally significant in terms of the amount of sulfur they provide.
Oceans and Wind
Oceans and wind are natural sources of sulfur, but they are not significant sources of elemental sulfur. The sulfur in oceans and wind is present in the form of sulfate minerals and aerosols, which are not readily available for industrial or agricultural purposes.
Soil
Soil is a significant source of elemental sulfur, but the amount of sulfur present in soil varies greatly depending on the location. In areas with high levels of volcanic activity, the soil may contain high levels of sulfur. However, in most agricultural regions, the amount of sulfur in soil is relatively low.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes are the most significant natural source of elemental sulfur. Volcanic eruptions release large amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which can react with oxygen and water vapor to form sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid then falls to the ground as acid rain, which can contribute to the accumulation of elemental sulfur in soil.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while there are several natural sources of elemental sulfur, volcanoes are the most significant source. The sulfur released during volcanic eruptions can contribute to the accumulation of sulfur in soil, which is essential for various industrial and agricultural processes.
In which of the following magnetic properties of elements does the magnetic susceptibility increase on increasing the temperature?- a)Paramagnetism
- b)Anti-ferromagnetism
- c)Ferromagnetism
- d)Diamagnetism
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
In which of the following magnetic properties of elements does the magnetic susceptibility increase on increasing the temperature?
a)
Paramagnetism
b)
Anti-ferromagnetism
c)
Ferromagnetism
d)
Diamagnetism
|
Amrutha Pillai answered |
Understanding Magnetic Properties
Magnetic susceptibility is a measure of how much a material will become magnetized in an external magnetic field. The behavior of magnetic susceptibility varies among different types of magnetic materials, such as paramagnets, anti-ferromagnets, ferromagnets, and diamagnets.
Paramagnetism
- In paramagnetic materials, magnetic susceptibility increases with temperature. This is because thermal energy helps to align the magnetic moments of the atoms, making them more responsive to external magnetic fields.
Anti-ferromagnetism
- Anti-ferromagnetic materials exhibit a unique behavior where adjacent magnetic moments align in opposite directions, canceling each other out.
- As temperature increases, thermal agitation disrupts this ordered arrangement, reducing the cancellation effect.
- Consequently, the net magnetic moment increases, leading to an increase in magnetic susceptibility.
Ferromagnetism
- Ferromagnetic materials retain a permanent magnetic moment even in the absence of an external field due to alignment of spins.
- While susceptibility does change with temperature, it generally decreases as temperature approaches the Curie point, where ferromagnetism is lost.
Diamagnetism
- Diamagnetic materials exhibit a very weak and negative susceptibility that is largely unaffected by temperature changes.
- Their magnetic susceptibility remains constant, regardless of temperature variations.
Conclusion
The correct answer to the question is option 'B' because, in anti-ferromagnetic materials, the magnetic susceptibility increases with temperature due to the disruption of the anti-parallel alignment of magnetic moments, leading to a net increase in magnetization.
Magnetic susceptibility is a measure of how much a material will become magnetized in an external magnetic field. The behavior of magnetic susceptibility varies among different types of magnetic materials, such as paramagnets, anti-ferromagnets, ferromagnets, and diamagnets.
Paramagnetism
- In paramagnetic materials, magnetic susceptibility increases with temperature. This is because thermal energy helps to align the magnetic moments of the atoms, making them more responsive to external magnetic fields.
Anti-ferromagnetism
- Anti-ferromagnetic materials exhibit a unique behavior where adjacent magnetic moments align in opposite directions, canceling each other out.
- As temperature increases, thermal agitation disrupts this ordered arrangement, reducing the cancellation effect.
- Consequently, the net magnetic moment increases, leading to an increase in magnetic susceptibility.
Ferromagnetism
- Ferromagnetic materials retain a permanent magnetic moment even in the absence of an external field due to alignment of spins.
- While susceptibility does change with temperature, it generally decreases as temperature approaches the Curie point, where ferromagnetism is lost.
Diamagnetism
- Diamagnetic materials exhibit a very weak and negative susceptibility that is largely unaffected by temperature changes.
- Their magnetic susceptibility remains constant, regardless of temperature variations.
Conclusion
The correct answer to the question is option 'B' because, in anti-ferromagnetic materials, the magnetic susceptibility increases with temperature due to the disruption of the anti-parallel alignment of magnetic moments, leading to a net increase in magnetization.
Which of the following is false regarding Non-Ideal solutions?- a)They do not obey Raoult’s law
- b)ΔVmixing ≠ 0
- c)ΔHmixing = 0
- d)They form azeotropes
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is false regarding Non-Ideal solutions?
a)
They do not obey Raoult’s law
b)
ΔVmixing ≠ 0
c)
ΔHmixing = 0
d)
They form azeotropes
|
|
Kiran Khanna answered |
's law.
b)They exhibit deviation from ideal behavior.
c)They have an activity coefficient that is equal to 1.
d)They can have positive or negative deviations from Raoult's law.
c) They have an activity coefficient that is equal to 1. This statement is false. Non-ideal solutions have activity coefficients that deviate from 1, which is a characteristic of ideal solutions.
b)They exhibit deviation from ideal behavior.
c)They have an activity coefficient that is equal to 1.
d)They can have positive or negative deviations from Raoult's law.
c) They have an activity coefficient that is equal to 1. This statement is false. Non-ideal solutions have activity coefficients that deviate from 1, which is a characteristic of ideal solutions.
Which hormone controls the balance of water and minerals in the body?- a)Vasopressin
- b)Mineralocorticoids
- c)Testosterone
- d)Thyroxine
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which hormone controls the balance of water and minerals in the body?
a)
Vasopressin
b)
Mineralocorticoids
c)
Testosterone
d)
Thyroxine
|
Athira Datta answered |
Understanding Mineralocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. They play a crucial role in regulating the balance of water and minerals in the body.
Key Functions of Mineralocorticoids
- Regulation of Sodium and Potassium Levels:
- Mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone, promote the reabsorption of sodium ions in the kidneys.
- This process helps retain water, thus influencing blood volume and pressure.
- Water Retention:
- By increasing sodium reabsorption, mineralocorticoids indirectly cause water retention, which helps maintain hydration and overall fluid balance in the body.
- Potassium Excretion:
- Along with sodium retention, mineralocorticoids facilitate the excretion of potassium ions, which is vital for maintaining electrolyte balance.
The Role of Other Hormones
- Vasopressin:
- Also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), it primarily regulates water retention but does not have a direct role in mineral balance.
- Testosterone and Thyroxine:
- These hormones are involved in different physiological processes, such as development, metabolism, and energy regulation, but do not primarily manage water and mineral balance.
Conclusion
In summary, mineralocorticoids are essential for controlling the balance of water and minerals in the body. Their primary action involves sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, making them vital for maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. They play a crucial role in regulating the balance of water and minerals in the body.
Key Functions of Mineralocorticoids
- Regulation of Sodium and Potassium Levels:
- Mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone, promote the reabsorption of sodium ions in the kidneys.
- This process helps retain water, thus influencing blood volume and pressure.
- Water Retention:
- By increasing sodium reabsorption, mineralocorticoids indirectly cause water retention, which helps maintain hydration and overall fluid balance in the body.
- Potassium Excretion:
- Along with sodium retention, mineralocorticoids facilitate the excretion of potassium ions, which is vital for maintaining electrolyte balance.
The Role of Other Hormones
- Vasopressin:
- Also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), it primarily regulates water retention but does not have a direct role in mineral balance.
- Testosterone and Thyroxine:
- These hormones are involved in different physiological processes, such as development, metabolism, and energy regulation, but do not primarily manage water and mineral balance.
Conclusion
In summary, mineralocorticoids are essential for controlling the balance of water and minerals in the body. Their primary action involves sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, making them vital for maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
Which of the following statements is wrong?- a)During smelting, flux is used to remove gangue as slag
- b)The slag formed during smelting has low melting point and is heavier than metal
- c)Calcination of ore is carried out without the presence the oxygen
- d)Roasting is carried out in the presence of oxygen
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements is wrong?
a)
During smelting, flux is used to remove gangue as slag
b)
The slag formed during smelting has low melting point and is heavier than metal
c)
Calcination of ore is carried out without the presence the oxygen
d)
Roasting is carried out in the presence of oxygen
|
|
Shalini Patel answered |
Smelting is the process of extraction of a metal from its oxide by reduction with carbon (coke). Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, etc. cannot be prepared by reduction of their respective oxides with carbon. The slag formed during smelting has high melting point and is lighter than the metal.
What catalyst is used for oxidation of ammonia to produce nitric acid?- a)Palladium hydride
- b)Sodium amalgam
- c)Platinum-Rhodium gauze
- d)Vanadium (V) oxide
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What catalyst is used for oxidation of ammonia to produce nitric acid?
a)
Palladium hydride
b)
Sodium amalgam
c)
Platinum-Rhodium gauze
d)
Vanadium (V) oxide
|
Priyanka Sharma answered |
Ammonia is oxidized to nitrogen (II) oxide in the presence of Pt/Rh gauze catalyst at a temperature of 500 K and a pressure of 9 bars. The nitrous oxide is then converted to nitrogen dioxide which is further reacted with water to produce nitric acid. The NO formed is recycled.
Which characteristic of crude petroleum is a consequence of sulfur?- a)Acidity
- b)Sourness
- c)Alkalinity
- d)Foul odor
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which characteristic of crude petroleum is a consequence of sulfur?
a)
Acidity
b)
Sourness
c)
Alkalinity
d)
Foul odor
|
Rahul Desai answered |
Sourness of Crude Petroleum due to Sulfur
Crude petroleum contains various impurities, one of which is sulfur. Sulfur in crude petroleum is responsible for giving it a sour taste and smell. This characteristic is known as sourness. Below are the reasons why sulfur imparts sourness to crude petroleum:
- Hydrogen sulfide formation: Sulfur compounds present in crude petroleum can react with water and oxygen to form hydrogen sulfide gas. This gas has a distinctive rotten egg smell, which contributes to the sour odor of crude petroleum.
- Mercaptans: Sulfur-containing compounds called mercaptans are also found in crude petroleum. These compounds have a strong odor similar to that of skunk spray, contributing to the overall sourness of the crude petroleum.
- Corrosiveness: Sulfur compounds in crude petroleum can also lead to the formation of acidic compounds, which can make the crude petroleum more corrosive. This acidity can further enhance the sourness of the crude petroleum.
Overall, the presence of sulfur in crude petroleum leads to the sour taste and foul odor associated with it. This characteristic can have implications for refining processes, transportation, and end-use applications of petroleum products.
Crude petroleum contains various impurities, one of which is sulfur. Sulfur in crude petroleum is responsible for giving it a sour taste and smell. This characteristic is known as sourness. Below are the reasons why sulfur imparts sourness to crude petroleum:
- Hydrogen sulfide formation: Sulfur compounds present in crude petroleum can react with water and oxygen to form hydrogen sulfide gas. This gas has a distinctive rotten egg smell, which contributes to the sour odor of crude petroleum.
- Mercaptans: Sulfur-containing compounds called mercaptans are also found in crude petroleum. These compounds have a strong odor similar to that of skunk spray, contributing to the overall sourness of the crude petroleum.
- Corrosiveness: Sulfur compounds in crude petroleum can also lead to the formation of acidic compounds, which can make the crude petroleum more corrosive. This acidity can further enhance the sourness of the crude petroleum.
Overall, the presence of sulfur in crude petroleum leads to the sour taste and foul odor associated with it. This characteristic can have implications for refining processes, transportation, and end-use applications of petroleum products.
What is the nature of the transition elements?- a)Metallic
- b)Non-metallic
- c)Metalloid
- d)Varies from element to element
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the nature of the transition elements?
a)
Metallic
b)
Non-metallic
c)
Metalloid
d)
Varies from element to element
|
|
Tanuja Kapoor answered |
Because they are all metals, the transition elements are often called the transition metals. As a group, they display typical metallic properties and are less reactive than the metals in group 1 and group 2 of the periodic table.
Hinsberg’s reagent is _______- a)benzenesulfonic acid
- b)benzenesulphonyl chloride
- c)p-toluenesulphonyl chloride
- d)chlorosulphuric acid
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Hinsberg’s reagent is _______
a)
benzenesulfonic acid
b)
benzenesulphonyl chloride
c)
p-toluenesulphonyl chloride
d)
chlorosulphuric acid
|
|
Aravind Rane answered |
Understanding Hinsberg's Reagent
Hinsberg's reagent, also known as benzenesulfonyl chloride, is an important chemical used in organic chemistry for differentiating between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.
Key Characteristics of Hinsberg's Reagent:
- Chemical Composition:
- Hinsberg's reagent is the sulfonyl chloride derived from benzenesulfonic acid. Its chemical formula is C6H5SO2Cl.
- Reactivity:
- It reacts with amines to form sulfonamide derivatives. This reaction is crucial for identifying the type of amine present in a sample.
Application in Amine Classification:
- Primary Amines:
- React with Hinsberg's reagent to form a soluble sulfonamide.
- Secondary Amines:
- Also form sulfonamides, but they are usually insoluble in the reaction medium.
- Tertiary Amines:
- Exhibit no reaction with Hinsberg's reagent, making them easily distinguishable.
Importance in Organic Chemistry:
- Synthetic Utility:
- The ability to selectively react with different amines allows chemists to purify and characterize amines in various organic synthesis processes.
- Analytical Techniques:
- The derivatives formed can be analyzed using techniques like chromatography, aiding in the identification and quantification of amines.
In conclusion, the correct answer to the question is option 'B', benzenesulfonyl chloride, as it is specifically utilized in the Hinsberg test for distinguishing between different types of amines based on their reactivity.
Hinsberg's reagent, also known as benzenesulfonyl chloride, is an important chemical used in organic chemistry for differentiating between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.
Key Characteristics of Hinsberg's Reagent:
- Chemical Composition:
- Hinsberg's reagent is the sulfonyl chloride derived from benzenesulfonic acid. Its chemical formula is C6H5SO2Cl.
- Reactivity:
- It reacts with amines to form sulfonamide derivatives. This reaction is crucial for identifying the type of amine present in a sample.
Application in Amine Classification:
- Primary Amines:
- React with Hinsberg's reagent to form a soluble sulfonamide.
- Secondary Amines:
- Also form sulfonamides, but they are usually insoluble in the reaction medium.
- Tertiary Amines:
- Exhibit no reaction with Hinsberg's reagent, making them easily distinguishable.
Importance in Organic Chemistry:
- Synthetic Utility:
- The ability to selectively react with different amines allows chemists to purify and characterize amines in various organic synthesis processes.
- Analytical Techniques:
- The derivatives formed can be analyzed using techniques like chromatography, aiding in the identification and quantification of amines.
In conclusion, the correct answer to the question is option 'B', benzenesulfonyl chloride, as it is specifically utilized in the Hinsberg test for distinguishing between different types of amines based on their reactivity.
What was the term proposed by Werner for the number of groups bound directly to the metal ion in a coordination complex?- a)Primary valence
- b)Secondary valence
- c)Oxidation number
- d)Polyhedra
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What was the term proposed by Werner for the number of groups bound directly to the metal ion in a coordination complex?
a)
Primary valence
b)
Secondary valence
c)
Oxidation number
d)
Polyhedra
|
Akshay Shah answered |
Primary Valence and Secondary Valence
Werner's theory of coordination compounds revolutionized the understanding of complex compounds and their behavior. One of the key concepts proposed by Werner was the idea of primary and secondary valence.
1. Primary Valence:
- The primary valence refers to the total number of ligands directly bound to the central metal ion through coordinate covalent bonds.
- It represents the oxidation state or charge of the metal ion.
- It determines the overall charge of the complex and its stability.
- The primary valence is often determined by the periodic table group number of the metal ion.
2. Secondary Valence:
- The secondary valence, also known as coordination number, refers to the number of groups directly bound to the metal ion in a coordination complex.
- It represents the number of bonds formed by the ligands with the central metal ion.
- The coordination number can vary depending on the metal ion and the ligands involved.
- The coordination number can range from 2 to 12, with common coordination numbers being 4, 6, and 8.
- The coordination number is determined by the electron pair accepting capacity of the metal ion and the electron donor capacity of the ligands.
Proposal of Secondary Valence as the Correct Term:
- Werner proposed the term "secondary valence" to describe the number of groups directly bound to the metal ion in a coordination complex.
- This term is more appropriate because it focuses on the bonding between the metal ion and the ligands.
- It helps to distinguish between the primary valence, which represents the overall charge of the complex, and the secondary valence, which represents the coordination number or the number of bonds formed by the ligands.
- The secondary valence concept is widely used in coordination chemistry to describe the geometry and stability of coordination complexes.
In summary, Werner proposed the term "secondary valence" to describe the number of groups directly bound to the metal ion in a coordination complex. This term focuses on the bonding between the metal ion and the ligands and helps to distinguish it from the primary valence, which represents the overall charge of the complex. The concept of secondary valence is widely used in coordination chemistry to describe the geometry and stability of coordination complexes.
Werner's theory of coordination compounds revolutionized the understanding of complex compounds and their behavior. One of the key concepts proposed by Werner was the idea of primary and secondary valence.
1. Primary Valence:
- The primary valence refers to the total number of ligands directly bound to the central metal ion through coordinate covalent bonds.
- It represents the oxidation state or charge of the metal ion.
- It determines the overall charge of the complex and its stability.
- The primary valence is often determined by the periodic table group number of the metal ion.
2. Secondary Valence:
- The secondary valence, also known as coordination number, refers to the number of groups directly bound to the metal ion in a coordination complex.
- It represents the number of bonds formed by the ligands with the central metal ion.
- The coordination number can vary depending on the metal ion and the ligands involved.
- The coordination number can range from 2 to 12, with common coordination numbers being 4, 6, and 8.
- The coordination number is determined by the electron pair accepting capacity of the metal ion and the electron donor capacity of the ligands.
Proposal of Secondary Valence as the Correct Term:
- Werner proposed the term "secondary valence" to describe the number of groups directly bound to the metal ion in a coordination complex.
- This term is more appropriate because it focuses on the bonding between the metal ion and the ligands.
- It helps to distinguish between the primary valence, which represents the overall charge of the complex, and the secondary valence, which represents the coordination number or the number of bonds formed by the ligands.
- The secondary valence concept is widely used in coordination chemistry to describe the geometry and stability of coordination complexes.
In summary, Werner proposed the term "secondary valence" to describe the number of groups directly bound to the metal ion in a coordination complex. This term focuses on the bonding between the metal ion and the ligands and helps to distinguish it from the primary valence, which represents the overall charge of the complex. The concept of secondary valence is widely used in coordination chemistry to describe the geometry and stability of coordination complexes.
When CO2 is introduced into aerated drinks and sealed, what is the nature of the graph between partial pressure of CO2 and its concentration in the drink?- a)Exponentially increasing
- b)Positive slope
- c)Negative slope
- d)Constant
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
When CO2 is introduced into aerated drinks and sealed, what is the nature of the graph between partial pressure of CO2 and its concentration in the drink?
a)
Exponentially increasing
b)
Positive slope
c)
Negative slope
d)
Constant
|
|
Rhea Iyer answered |
Nature of the graph between partial pressure of CO2 and its concentration in aerated drinks
Introduction
When CO2 is introduced into aerated drinks and sealed, it dissolves in the drink and establishes an equilibrium between the gas phase and the liquid phase. The concentration of CO2 in the drink depends on the partial pressure of CO2 in the gas phase, which in turn depends on the temperature and the amount of CO2 added.
Graph between partial pressure of CO2 and its concentration in aerated drinks
The graph between partial pressure of CO2 and its concentration in aerated drinks is a positive slope. This means that as the partial pressure of CO2 increases, the concentration of CO2 in the drink also increases. This relationship is governed by Henry's law, which states that the concentration of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.
Explanation
The positive slope of the graph can be explained by the fact that when CO2 is added to the drink, it dissolves in the liquid until the partial pressure of CO2 in the gas phase is in equilibrium with the concentration of CO2 in the liquid. As the partial pressure of CO2 increases, more CO2 dissolves in the drink until the equilibrium is reached. Therefore, the concentration of CO2 in the drink increases with increasing partial pressure of CO2.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the nature of the graph between partial pressure of CO2 and its concentration in aerated drinks is a positive slope. This relationship is governed by Henry's law, which states that the concentration of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.
Introduction
When CO2 is introduced into aerated drinks and sealed, it dissolves in the drink and establishes an equilibrium between the gas phase and the liquid phase. The concentration of CO2 in the drink depends on the partial pressure of CO2 in the gas phase, which in turn depends on the temperature and the amount of CO2 added.
Graph between partial pressure of CO2 and its concentration in aerated drinks
The graph between partial pressure of CO2 and its concentration in aerated drinks is a positive slope. This means that as the partial pressure of CO2 increases, the concentration of CO2 in the drink also increases. This relationship is governed by Henry's law, which states that the concentration of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.
Explanation
The positive slope of the graph can be explained by the fact that when CO2 is added to the drink, it dissolves in the liquid until the partial pressure of CO2 in the gas phase is in equilibrium with the concentration of CO2 in the liquid. As the partial pressure of CO2 increases, more CO2 dissolves in the drink until the equilibrium is reached. Therefore, the concentration of CO2 in the drink increases with increasing partial pressure of CO2.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the nature of the graph between partial pressure of CO2 and its concentration in aerated drinks is a positive slope. This relationship is governed by Henry's law, which states that the concentration of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.
If, at 298 K water is the solvent, and Henry’s law constant for CO2 is 1.67 kbar and the constant of argon is 40.3 kbar, which of the following statements is true?- a)Argon is more soluble than CO2
- b)Argon is less soluble than CO2
- c)Argon is insoluble in water
- d)Argon and CO2 are equally soluble
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
If, at 298 K water is the solvent, and Henry’s law constant for CO2 is 1.67 kbar and the constant of argon is 40.3 kbar, which of the following statements is true?
a)
Argon is more soluble than CO2
b)
Argon is less soluble than CO2
c)
Argon is insoluble in water
d)
Argon and CO2 are equally soluble
|
Kalyan Chavan answered |
's law constant for oxygen is 1.2 x 10^-3 M/atm, calculate the solubility of oxygen in water when the partial pressure of oxygen is 0.8 atm.
According to Henry's law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. The proportionality constant is known as Henry's law constant.
Using Henry's law equation:
C = kH * P
where C is the concentration of the gas in the liquid, kH is Henry's law constant, and P is the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.
Given:
kH for oxygen = 1.2 x 10^-3 M/atm
P = 0.8 atm
We need to find the solubility of oxygen in water at 298 K.
Substituting the given values in the equation:
C = kH * P
C = 1.2 x 10^-3 M/atm * 0.8 atm
C = 9.6 x 10^-4 M
Therefore, the solubility of oxygen in water at 298 K when the partial pressure of oxygen is 0.8 atm is 9.6 x 10^-4 M.
According to Henry's law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. The proportionality constant is known as Henry's law constant.
Using Henry's law equation:
C = kH * P
where C is the concentration of the gas in the liquid, kH is Henry's law constant, and P is the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.
Given:
kH for oxygen = 1.2 x 10^-3 M/atm
P = 0.8 atm
We need to find the solubility of oxygen in water at 298 K.
Substituting the given values in the equation:
C = kH * P
C = 1.2 x 10^-3 M/atm * 0.8 atm
C = 9.6 x 10^-4 M
Therefore, the solubility of oxygen in water at 298 K when the partial pressure of oxygen is 0.8 atm is 9.6 x 10^-4 M.
What is the electrolyte used in the electroplating of gold?- a)Molten gold
- b)[AgCN2]–
- c)AuCN
- d)AuCl3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the electrolyte used in the electroplating of gold?
a)
Molten gold
b)
[AgCN2]–
c)
AuCN
d)
AuCl3
|
|
Nandini Iyer answered |
The electrolyte in electrolysis should contain the metal to be coated, gold in this case. AuCN is used because it is exceptionally stable and doesn’t resist the flow of Au+ ions from anode to cathode.
What is the Van’t Hoff Factor for 1 mole of BaCl2, assuming 100% dissociation?- a)0.33
- b)1
- c)3
- d)2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the Van’t Hoff Factor for 1 mole of BaCl2, assuming 100% dissociation?
a)
0.33
b)
1
c)
3
d)
2
|
|
Rishika Patel answered |
The term "Van" can refer to a few different things:
1. A type of vehicle: A van is a type of vehicle that is typically larger than a car but smaller than a truck. It is designed to transport people or goods, and often has a boxy shape with a sliding side door and a rear cargo area.
2. A shortened version of "Vancouver": Van is commonly used as a shortened version of the Canadian city Vancouver, located in British Columbia.
3. A Dutch surname: Van is also a common Dutch surname that means "from" or "of" in Dutch. Many people with Dutch ancestry have the last name Van, such as painter Vincent van Gogh.
1. A type of vehicle: A van is a type of vehicle that is typically larger than a car but smaller than a truck. It is designed to transport people or goods, and often has a boxy shape with a sliding side door and a rear cargo area.
2. A shortened version of "Vancouver": Van is commonly used as a shortened version of the Canadian city Vancouver, located in British Columbia.
3. A Dutch surname: Van is also a common Dutch surname that means "from" or "of" in Dutch. Many people with Dutch ancestry have the last name Van, such as painter Vincent van Gogh.
The enzyme which catalyses the conversion of proteins to amino acids is ______- a)invertase
- b)urease
- c)nuclease
- d)protease
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The enzyme which catalyses the conversion of proteins to amino acids is ______
a)
invertase
b)
urease
c)
nuclease
d)
protease
|
|
Priyanka Sharma answered |
Proteases are enzymes that helps in protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Pepsin and trypsin are the most common proteases, found in the human stomach and pancreas respectively. Both of them are major digestive enzymes.
Acetic acid associates as dimers in benzene. What is the Van’t Hoff factor (i) if the degree of association of acetic acid is 50%?- a)0.25
- b)0.50
- c)0.75
- d)0.40
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Acetic acid associates as dimers in benzene. What is the Van’t Hoff factor (i) if the degree of association of acetic acid is 50%?
a)
0.25
b)
0.50
c)
0.75
d)
0.40
|
|
Neha Sharma answered |
Given,
Degree of association (α) = 50% = 0.5
Number of molecules associated (n) = 2
Let the Van’t Hoff factor = i
We know that for solutes that associate in solution, i = 1 + ((1/n) -1) x α
= 1 + ((1/2) – 1) x 0.5
= 1 – (0.5 x 0.5)
= 0.75
Therefore, the Van’t Hoff factor is equal to 0.75.
Degree of association (α) = 50% = 0.5
Number of molecules associated (n) = 2
Let the Van’t Hoff factor = i
We know that for solutes that associate in solution, i = 1 + ((1/n) -1) x α
= 1 + ((1/2) – 1) x 0.5
= 1 – (0.5 x 0.5)
= 0.75
Therefore, the Van’t Hoff factor is equal to 0.75.
What is the nitric acid – water composition by mass, respectively, for the components to form an azeotrope?- a)70% – 30%
- b)68% – 32%
- c)30% – 70%
- d)32% – 68%
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the nitric acid – water composition by mass, respectively, for the components to form an azeotrope?
a)
70% – 30%
b)
68% – 32%
c)
30% – 70%
d)
32% – 68%
|
Nandini Nair answered |
Nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong and highly corrosive acid. It is a colorless liquid that has a strong, pungent odor. Nitric acid is commonly used in various industries, including manufacturing of fertilizers, dyes, explosives, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in laboratories and as a cleaning agent.
Which of the following aqueous solutions should have the least boiling point?- a)1.0 M KOH
- b)1.0 M (NH4)2SO4
- c)1.0 M K2CO3
- d)1.0 M K2SO4
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following aqueous solutions should have the least boiling point?
a)
1.0 M KOH
b)
1.0 M (NH4)2SO4
c)
1.0 M K2CO3
d)
1.0 M K2SO4
|
|
Sankar Singh answered |
Boiling Point of Aqueous Solutions
To understand why a 1.0 M KOH solution has the least boiling point among the given options, we need to consider the properties of the solute and its effect on boiling point elevation.
Boiling Point Elevation
Boiling point elevation is a colligative property that depends on the number of solute particles present in a solution. When a non-volatile solute is dissolved in a solvent, the boiling point of the resulting solution increases compared to the pure solvent.
Effect of Electrolytes on Boiling Point Elevation
Electrolytes, which dissociate into ions in solution, have a greater effect on boiling point elevation compared to non-electrolytes. This is because electrolytes produce more solute particles per formula unit when they dissociate.
Comparison of Solutions
Let's compare the given solutions to determine which one will have the least boiling point:
1.0 M KOH:
- KOH is an electrolyte that dissociates into K⁺ and OH⁻ ions in solution.
- The dissociation equation is: KOH → K⁺ + OH⁻.
- For every mole of KOH, it produces one mole of K⁺ and one mole of OH⁻ ions.
- Therefore, the solution contains three particles for every mole of KOH: one KOH molecule, one K⁺ ion, and one OH⁻ ion.
1.0 M (NH4)2SO4:
- (NH4)2SO4 is an electrolyte that dissociates into NH4+ and SO42- ions in solution.
- The dissociation equation is: (NH4)2SO4 → 2NH4+ + SO42-.
- For every mole of (NH4)2SO4, it produces two moles of NH4+ ions and one mole of SO42- ions.
- Therefore, the solution contains three particles for every mole of (NH4)2SO4: one (NH4)2SO4 molecule, two NH4+ ions, and one SO42- ion.
1.0 M K2CO3:
- K2CO3 is an electrolyte that dissociates into 2K⁺ and CO
Which of the following metal does not corrode?- a)Iron
- b)Zinc
- c)Copper
- d)Magnesium
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following metal does not corrode?
a)
Iron
b)
Zinc
c)
Copper
d)
Magnesium
|
Sankar Gupta answered |
Copper does not corrode easily because it has a high resistance to corrosion. This is due to a protective layer that forms on its surface called a patina. The patina is a thin layer of copper oxide and copper carbonate that develops over time when copper is exposed to air and moisture.
The formation of the patina begins with the oxidation of copper, where copper atoms react with oxygen in the air to form copper(I) oxide. This oxide layer then reacts with carbon dioxide and moisture in the air to form copper carbonate. The copper carbonate layer provides additional protection to the metal surface.
The patina acts as a barrier between the copper and the surrounding environment, preventing further corrosion. It is stable and adheres to the surface of the copper, making it difficult for corrosive substances to reach the underlying metal. The patina also gives copper its characteristic greenish color.
The protective properties of copper make it suitable for various applications where corrosion resistance is important. It is commonly used in plumbing systems, electrical wiring, roofing, and decorative items.
In contrast, iron, zinc, and magnesium are more prone to corrosion. Iron readily reacts with oxygen and moisture in the air to form iron oxide, commonly known as rust. Zinc can corrode when exposed to moisture and air, leading to the formation of zinc oxide. Magnesium can also corrode in the presence of moisture and oxygen, forming magnesium oxide.
While these metals can be protected from corrosion through various methods such as coating or galvanization, copper naturally possesses a higher resistance to corrosion, making it a preferred choice in many applications.
The formation of the patina begins with the oxidation of copper, where copper atoms react with oxygen in the air to form copper(I) oxide. This oxide layer then reacts with carbon dioxide and moisture in the air to form copper carbonate. The copper carbonate layer provides additional protection to the metal surface.
The patina acts as a barrier between the copper and the surrounding environment, preventing further corrosion. It is stable and adheres to the surface of the copper, making it difficult for corrosive substances to reach the underlying metal. The patina also gives copper its characteristic greenish color.
The protective properties of copper make it suitable for various applications where corrosion resistance is important. It is commonly used in plumbing systems, electrical wiring, roofing, and decorative items.
In contrast, iron, zinc, and magnesium are more prone to corrosion. Iron readily reacts with oxygen and moisture in the air to form iron oxide, commonly known as rust. Zinc can corrode when exposed to moisture and air, leading to the formation of zinc oxide. Magnesium can also corrode in the presence of moisture and oxygen, forming magnesium oxide.
While these metals can be protected from corrosion through various methods such as coating or galvanization, copper naturally possesses a higher resistance to corrosion, making it a preferred choice in many applications.
Enzymes are basically ______- a)polysaccharides
- b)sugars
- c)polypeptides
- d)pyrimidine bases
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Enzymes are basically ______
a)
polysaccharides
b)
sugars
c)
polypeptides
d)
pyrimidine bases
|
|
Shalini Patel answered |
Almost all enzymes are globular proteins, which are nothing but very long chains of amino acids residues (>100) and higher molecular mass, or polypeptides.
How can a reaction with positive ΔG be made to occur?- a)By increasing the temperature
- b)By decreasing the temperature
- c)By coupling it with another reaction
- d)It is not possible for the reaction to occur
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
How can a reaction with positive ΔG be made to occur?
a)
By increasing the temperature
b)
By decreasing the temperature
c)
By coupling it with another reaction
d)
It is not possible for the reaction to occur
|
Pranjal Pillai answered |
Explanation:
Coupling with another reaction
- A reaction with a positive ΔG can be made to occur by coupling it with another reaction that has a highly negative ΔG.
- When the two reactions are coupled together, the overall change in Gibbs free energy becomes negative, allowing the reaction with positive ΔG to proceed.
- The excess energy released from the highly negative ΔG reaction can drive the reaction with positive ΔG to occur.
- This process is often used in living organisms to drive energetically unfavorable reactions, such as ATP hydrolysis coupled with other cellular processes.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - By coupling it with another reaction.
Coupling with another reaction
- A reaction with a positive ΔG can be made to occur by coupling it with another reaction that has a highly negative ΔG.
- When the two reactions are coupled together, the overall change in Gibbs free energy becomes negative, allowing the reaction with positive ΔG to proceed.
- The excess energy released from the highly negative ΔG reaction can drive the reaction with positive ΔG to occur.
- This process is often used in living organisms to drive energetically unfavorable reactions, such as ATP hydrolysis coupled with other cellular processes.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - By coupling it with another reaction.
The final product(s) of basic hydrolysis followed by acidification of ethyl butanoate is _______- a)ethanoic acid
- b)butanoic acid
- c)ethanoic acid and butanoic acid
- d)butanoic acid and ethanol
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The final product(s) of basic hydrolysis followed by acidification of ethyl butanoate is _______
a)
ethanoic acid
b)
butanoic acid
c)
ethanoic acid and butanoic acid
d)
butanoic acid and ethanol
|
|
Rishika Patel answered |
Basic Hydrolysis of Ethyl Butanoate
- Basic hydrolysis of ethyl butanoate involves the reaction of ethyl butanoate with a strong base (such as NaOH) in the presence of water to form the corresponding carboxylic acid (butanoic acid) and alcohol (ethanol)
- The reaction can be represented as follows:
Ethyl butanoate + NaOH + H2O → Butanoic acid + Ethanol + NaOH
Acidification of the Mixture
- After the basic hydrolysis, the mixture contains butanoic acid and ethanol along with the salt of the strong base used (NaOH)
- To isolate the butanoic acid and ethanol, the mixture is acidified by adding an acid (such as HCl) to neutralize the base and convert the salt back to the original base
- The acidification can be represented as follows:
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
Final Product(s)
- The final product of the basic hydrolysis followed by acidification of ethyl butanoate is butanoic acid
- Ethanol is also produced in the hydrolysis step, but it remains in the mixture and is not isolated as a separate product
- The acidification step only serves to neutralize the base used in the hydrolysis and does not affect the products formed in the hydrolysis step
- Basic hydrolysis of ethyl butanoate involves the reaction of ethyl butanoate with a strong base (such as NaOH) in the presence of water to form the corresponding carboxylic acid (butanoic acid) and alcohol (ethanol)
- The reaction can be represented as follows:
Ethyl butanoate + NaOH + H2O → Butanoic acid + Ethanol + NaOH
Acidification of the Mixture
- After the basic hydrolysis, the mixture contains butanoic acid and ethanol along with the salt of the strong base used (NaOH)
- To isolate the butanoic acid and ethanol, the mixture is acidified by adding an acid (such as HCl) to neutralize the base and convert the salt back to the original base
- The acidification can be represented as follows:
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
Final Product(s)
- The final product of the basic hydrolysis followed by acidification of ethyl butanoate is butanoic acid
- Ethanol is also produced in the hydrolysis step, but it remains in the mixture and is not isolated as a separate product
- The acidification step only serves to neutralize the base used in the hydrolysis and does not affect the products formed in the hydrolysis step
What characteristic of water accounts for its unique properties as a solvent?- a)Flexible
- b)Cohesive
- c)Polar
- d)Low viscosity
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
What characteristic of water accounts for its unique properties as a solvent?
a)
Flexible
b)
Cohesive
c)
Polar
d)
Low viscosity
|
Sinjini Datta answered |
Polard
The characteristic of water that accounts for its unique properties as a solvent is its polarity. Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has a partial positive charge on one end (hydrogen) and a partial negative charge on the other end (oxygen). This polarity allows water to interact with other polar molecules and ions, making it an excellent solvent.
Key Points:
- Water's polarity enables it to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules and ions, allowing it to dissolve a wide variety of substances.
- The positive and negative ends of water molecules attract and surround solute particles, breaking them apart and dispersing them throughout the solvent.
- This property of water as a solvent is essential for various biological processes, as many important molecules in living organisms are polar and require a solvent like water for their interactions.
- The polarity of water also contributes to its high surface tension, cohesion, and adhesion properties, which are crucial for maintaining life and supporting various ecosystems.
The characteristic of water that accounts for its unique properties as a solvent is its polarity. Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has a partial positive charge on one end (hydrogen) and a partial negative charge on the other end (oxygen). This polarity allows water to interact with other polar molecules and ions, making it an excellent solvent.
Key Points:
- Water's polarity enables it to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules and ions, allowing it to dissolve a wide variety of substances.
- The positive and negative ends of water molecules attract and surround solute particles, breaking them apart and dispersing them throughout the solvent.
- This property of water as a solvent is essential for various biological processes, as many important molecules in living organisms are polar and require a solvent like water for their interactions.
- The polarity of water also contributes to its high surface tension, cohesion, and adhesion properties, which are crucial for maintaining life and supporting various ecosystems.
Benzoic ethanoic anhydride on hydrolysis gives _______- a)benzoic acid and methanoic acid
- b)benzoic acid and ethanoic acid
- c)phenylethanoic acid and methanoic acid
- d)no products
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Benzoic ethanoic anhydride on hydrolysis gives _______
a)
benzoic acid and methanoic acid
b)
benzoic acid and ethanoic acid
c)
phenylethanoic acid and methanoic acid
d)
no products
|
Sahil Menon answered |
Hydrolysis of Benzoic Ethanoic Anhydride
Benzoic ethanoic anhydride, also known as ethyl benzoate, is a compound that can undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that involves the breaking of a compound by the addition of water molecules. In the case of benzoic ethanoic anhydride, hydrolysis leads to the formation of two products.
Formation of Benzoic Acid
Upon hydrolysis, one of the products formed is benzoic acid. This can be explained by the reaction between the anhydride and water. The water molecule adds to the carbonyl carbon of the anhydride, resulting in the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate. This intermediate then decomposes, leading to the formation of benzoic acid.
Formation of Ethanoic Acid
The other product formed during the hydrolysis of benzoic ethanoic anhydride is ethanoic acid. This can be explained by the reaction between the anhydride and water. The water molecule adds to the carbonyl carbon of the anhydride, resulting in the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate. This intermediate then decomposes, leading to the formation of ethanoic acid.
Overall Reaction
The overall reaction can be represented as follows:
Benzoic Ethanoic Anhydride + H2O → Benzoic Acid + Ethanoic Acid
Conclusion
Upon hydrolysis, benzoic ethanoic anhydride yields benzoic acid and ethanoic acid as the products. This is because the reaction between the anhydride and water leads to the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate, which then decomposes to form the respective carboxylic acids.
Benzoic ethanoic anhydride, also known as ethyl benzoate, is a compound that can undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that involves the breaking of a compound by the addition of water molecules. In the case of benzoic ethanoic anhydride, hydrolysis leads to the formation of two products.
Formation of Benzoic Acid
Upon hydrolysis, one of the products formed is benzoic acid. This can be explained by the reaction between the anhydride and water. The water molecule adds to the carbonyl carbon of the anhydride, resulting in the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate. This intermediate then decomposes, leading to the formation of benzoic acid.
Formation of Ethanoic Acid
The other product formed during the hydrolysis of benzoic ethanoic anhydride is ethanoic acid. This can be explained by the reaction between the anhydride and water. The water molecule adds to the carbonyl carbon of the anhydride, resulting in the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate. This intermediate then decomposes, leading to the formation of ethanoic acid.
Overall Reaction
The overall reaction can be represented as follows:
Benzoic Ethanoic Anhydride + H2O → Benzoic Acid + Ethanoic Acid
Conclusion
Upon hydrolysis, benzoic ethanoic anhydride yields benzoic acid and ethanoic acid as the products. This is because the reaction between the anhydride and water leads to the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate, which then decomposes to form the respective carboxylic acids.
Which of the following is the correct Arrhenius equation?- a)k = A eEa/RT
- b)k = A eEa/T
- c)k = A eEa/R
- d)k = A e-Ea/RT
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is the correct Arrhenius equation?
a)
k = A eEa/RT
b)
k = A eEa/T
c)
k = A eEa/R
d)
k = A e-Ea/RT
|
|
Amar Das answered |
Understanding the Arrhenius Equation
The Arrhenius equation is a fundamental formula in the field of chemical kinetics. It relates the rate constant of a reaction to temperature and activation energy.
The Correct Form of the Arrhenius Equation
The correct form of the Arrhenius equation is:
k = A e^(-Ea/RT)
Here’s a breakdown of each component:
- k: The rate constant of the reaction
- A: The pre-exponential factor, representing the frequency of collisions and the likelihood that collisions lead to a reaction
- Ea: The activation energy required for the reaction to occur
- R: The universal gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))
- T: The absolute temperature in Kelvin
- e: The base of the natural logarithm, approximately equal to 2.71828
Why Option D is Correct
- The negative sign before Ea indicates that as the temperature increases, the exponential term increases, resulting in a larger value of k. This reflects the physical reality that higher temperatures provide more energy to overcome the activation barrier.
- The other options (A, B, C) incorrectly place the activation energy (Ea) or omit the negative sign, which distorts the relationship between temperature and reaction rate.
Importance of the Arrhenius Equation
- The Arrhenius equation helps predict how the rate of a chemical reaction will change with temperature.
- It's widely used in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and engineering, to understand reaction mechanisms and optimize conditions for desired outcomes.
In summary, the correct answer is option D, k = A e^(-Ea/RT), as it accurately represents the relationship between the rate constant, temperature, and activation energy.
The Arrhenius equation is a fundamental formula in the field of chemical kinetics. It relates the rate constant of a reaction to temperature and activation energy.
The Correct Form of the Arrhenius Equation
The correct form of the Arrhenius equation is:
k = A e^(-Ea/RT)
Here’s a breakdown of each component:
- k: The rate constant of the reaction
- A: The pre-exponential factor, representing the frequency of collisions and the likelihood that collisions lead to a reaction
- Ea: The activation energy required for the reaction to occur
- R: The universal gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))
- T: The absolute temperature in Kelvin
- e: The base of the natural logarithm, approximately equal to 2.71828
Why Option D is Correct
- The negative sign before Ea indicates that as the temperature increases, the exponential term increases, resulting in a larger value of k. This reflects the physical reality that higher temperatures provide more energy to overcome the activation barrier.
- The other options (A, B, C) incorrectly place the activation energy (Ea) or omit the negative sign, which distorts the relationship between temperature and reaction rate.
Importance of the Arrhenius Equation
- The Arrhenius equation helps predict how the rate of a chemical reaction will change with temperature.
- It's widely used in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and engineering, to understand reaction mechanisms and optimize conditions for desired outcomes.
In summary, the correct answer is option D, k = A e^(-Ea/RT), as it accurately represents the relationship between the rate constant, temperature, and activation energy.
What is the name of the process of extracting sulfur on commercial scale?- a)Bosch process
- b)Boyle process
- c)Ostwald process
- d)Frasch process
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the name of the process of extracting sulfur on commercial scale?
a)
Bosch process
b)
Boyle process
c)
Ostwald process
d)
Frasch process
|
|
Jhanvi Sengupta answered |
The Frasch process is the name of the process of extracting sulfur on a commercial scale. This process was invented in 1891 by Herman Frasch, an American chemist who wanted to find a way to extract sulfur that would be more efficient than the existing methods.
How does the Frasch process work?
The Frasch process involves drilling a hole into a sulfur deposit and pumping superheated water into the deposit. The water melts the sulfur, which is then forced to the surface by compressed air. The sulfur is then collected and purified.
Advantages of the Frasch process
The Frasch process is a highly efficient way of extracting sulfur, and it has several advantages over other methods:
1. High purity: The sulfur extracted by the Frasch process is of very high purity, which makes it ideal for use in a variety of industrial applications.
2. Low environmental impact: The Frasch process is a relatively clean process that does not produce a lot of pollution or waste.
3. High yield: The Frasch process has a high yield, which means that it is able to extract a large amount of sulfur from a deposit.
4. Low cost: The Frasch process is a cost-effective way of extracting sulfur, which makes it a popular choice for commercial operations.
Conclusion
The Frasch process is a highly efficient and cost-effective way of extracting sulfur on a commercial scale. It has several advantages over other methods and has become the preferred method for many industrial applications that require high-purity sulfur.
How does the Frasch process work?
The Frasch process involves drilling a hole into a sulfur deposit and pumping superheated water into the deposit. The water melts the sulfur, which is then forced to the surface by compressed air. The sulfur is then collected and purified.
Advantages of the Frasch process
The Frasch process is a highly efficient way of extracting sulfur, and it has several advantages over other methods:
1. High purity: The sulfur extracted by the Frasch process is of very high purity, which makes it ideal for use in a variety of industrial applications.
2. Low environmental impact: The Frasch process is a relatively clean process that does not produce a lot of pollution or waste.
3. High yield: The Frasch process has a high yield, which means that it is able to extract a large amount of sulfur from a deposit.
4. Low cost: The Frasch process is a cost-effective way of extracting sulfur, which makes it a popular choice for commercial operations.
Conclusion
The Frasch process is a highly efficient and cost-effective way of extracting sulfur on a commercial scale. It has several advantages over other methods and has become the preferred method for many industrial applications that require high-purity sulfur.
Which of the following ores are concentrated by froth flotation?- a)Haematite
- b)Zinc
- c)Copper pyrites
- d)Magnetite
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following ores are concentrated by froth flotation?
a)
Haematite
b)
Zinc
c)
Copper pyrites
d)
Magnetite
|
|
Siddharth Tiwari answered |
Froth flotation is a common method used for the concentration of ores. It is based on the principle of preferential wetting of the ore particles by oil and water, where the ore particles are selectively attached to the air bubbles and carried to the surface of the flotation cell, while the gangue particles remain in the bulk solution. In this process, various reagents are used to modify the surface properties of the ore particles and create a froth that can be easily removed.
Among the given options, copper pyrites is the only ore that is concentrated by froth flotation. Here's why:
Copper pyrites:
- Copper pyrites, also known as chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), is a sulfide ore that contains copper, iron, and sulfur.
- The ore particles of copper pyrites are relatively large and have a high density compared to the gangue minerals.
- In froth flotation, the ore is first crushed and ground to a fine size, and then mixed with water and various reagents to create a slurry.
- The slurry is then agitated and air is blown into it to create air bubbles.
- The reagents, known as collectors, are added to the slurry to selectively adsorb on the surface of the copper pyrites particles, making them hydrophobic (water-repellent).
- Frothers are also added to stabilize the froth and enhance the attachment of the air bubbles to the hydrophobic particles.
- When air bubbles are introduced into the slurry, they attach to the hydrophobic copper pyrites particles and carry them to the surface as a froth.
- The froth is then skimmed off and the concentrated copper pyrites is obtained.
- The gangue minerals, which are hydrophilic (water-loving), remain in the bulk solution and are discarded as tailings.
Other options:
- Haematite: Haematite (Fe2O3) is an oxide ore of iron and is not concentrated by froth flotation. It is typically concentrated by magnetic separation or gravity separation methods.
- Zinc: Zinc ores, such as sphalerite (ZnS), are also not concentrated by froth flotation. They are typically concentrated by froth flotation followed by roasting to convert the zinc sulfide to zinc oxide, which is then reduced to metallic zinc.
- Magnetite: Magnetite (Fe3O4) is an oxide ore of iron and is not concentrated by froth flotation. It is typically concentrated by magnetic separation or gravity separation methods.
Therefore, among the given options, only copper pyrites is concentrated by froth flotation.
Among the given options, copper pyrites is the only ore that is concentrated by froth flotation. Here's why:
Copper pyrites:
- Copper pyrites, also known as chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), is a sulfide ore that contains copper, iron, and sulfur.
- The ore particles of copper pyrites are relatively large and have a high density compared to the gangue minerals.
- In froth flotation, the ore is first crushed and ground to a fine size, and then mixed with water and various reagents to create a slurry.
- The slurry is then agitated and air is blown into it to create air bubbles.
- The reagents, known as collectors, are added to the slurry to selectively adsorb on the surface of the copper pyrites particles, making them hydrophobic (water-repellent).
- Frothers are also added to stabilize the froth and enhance the attachment of the air bubbles to the hydrophobic particles.
- When air bubbles are introduced into the slurry, they attach to the hydrophobic copper pyrites particles and carry them to the surface as a froth.
- The froth is then skimmed off and the concentrated copper pyrites is obtained.
- The gangue minerals, which are hydrophilic (water-loving), remain in the bulk solution and are discarded as tailings.
Other options:
- Haematite: Haematite (Fe2O3) is an oxide ore of iron and is not concentrated by froth flotation. It is typically concentrated by magnetic separation or gravity separation methods.
- Zinc: Zinc ores, such as sphalerite (ZnS), are also not concentrated by froth flotation. They are typically concentrated by froth flotation followed by roasting to convert the zinc sulfide to zinc oxide, which is then reduced to metallic zinc.
- Magnetite: Magnetite (Fe3O4) is an oxide ore of iron and is not concentrated by froth flotation. It is typically concentrated by magnetic separation or gravity separation methods.
Therefore, among the given options, only copper pyrites is concentrated by froth flotation.
In which of the following solutions will the Van’t Hoff Factor for the solute be lesser than 1?- a)Sodium chloride in water
- b)Benzoic acid in benzene
- c)Acetic acid in benzene
- d)Phenol in benzene
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In which of the following solutions will the Van’t Hoff Factor for the solute be lesser than 1?
a)
Sodium chloride in water
b)
Benzoic acid in benzene
c)
Acetic acid in benzene
d)
Phenol in benzene
|
|
Shraddha Chavan answered |
't Hoff factor be greater than 1?
A) NaCl in water
B) Sucrose in water
C) Ethanol in water
D) NH3 in water
Answer: A) NaCl in water
Explanation: The Van't Hoff factor (i) is a measure of the number of particles that a solute dissociates into when it is dissolved in a solvent. NaCl dissociates into two ions (Na+ and Cl-) when it is dissolved in water, so the Van't Hoff factor for NaCl in water is 2. Sucrose, ethanol, and NH3 do not dissociate into ions when they are dissolved in water, so their Van't Hoff factor is 1. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
A) NaCl in water
B) Sucrose in water
C) Ethanol in water
D) NH3 in water
Answer: A) NaCl in water
Explanation: The Van't Hoff factor (i) is a measure of the number of particles that a solute dissociates into when it is dissolved in a solvent. NaCl dissociates into two ions (Na+ and Cl-) when it is dissolved in water, so the Van't Hoff factor for NaCl in water is 2. Sucrose, ethanol, and NH3 do not dissociate into ions when they are dissolved in water, so their Van't Hoff factor is 1. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
How are alcohols prepared from haloalkanes?- a)By treating with concentrated H2SO4
- b)By heating with aqueous NaOH
- c)By treating with a strong reducing agent
- d)By treating with Mg metal
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
How are alcohols prepared from haloalkanes?
a)
By treating with concentrated H2SO4
b)
By heating with aqueous NaOH
c)
By treating with a strong reducing agent
d)
By treating with Mg metal
|
|
Mira Joshi answered |
Haloalkanes when heated with aqueous NaOH or KOH give respective alcohols. This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction where the halide group is replaced by the OH nucleophile.
Which of the following is not a property of lanthanides?- a)They are soft metals with white silvery color
- b)They tarnish rapidly by air
- c)The hardness of the metals increases with increase in the atomic number
- d)The melting point of the metal ranges from 500-1000K
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is not a property of lanthanides?
a)
They are soft metals with white silvery color
b)
They tarnish rapidly by air
c)
The hardness of the metals increases with increase in the atomic number
d)
The melting point of the metal ranges from 500-1000K
|
|
Tanuja Kapoor answered |
All lanthanides are soft metals with silvery white color. They tarnish rapidly by air. With increase in atomic number, the harness of these metals also increases. The melting points of the lanthanides ranges from 1000 to 1200K but samarium melts at 1623K.
How can methyl magnesium bromide be converted to propanoic acid?- a)Jones reagent
- b)KMnO4-KOH; heat
- c)H3O+; heat
- d)CO2-dry ether; H3O+
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
How can methyl magnesium bromide be converted to propanoic acid?
a)
Jones reagent
b)
KMnO4-KOH; heat
c)
H3O+; heat
d)
CO2-dry ether; H3O+
|
|
Ashwini Shah answered |
Conversion of Methyl Magnesium Bromide to Propanoic Acid using CO2-Dry Ether; H3O
Preparation of Methyl Magnesium Bromide:
Methyl magnesium bromide is prepared by reacting methyl bromide with magnesium metal in dry ether. The reaction can be represented as follows:
CH3Br + Mg → CH3MgBr
Conversion of Methyl Magnesium Bromide to Propanoic Acid:
Methyl magnesium bromide can be converted to propanoic acid by reacting it with dry CO2 followed by hydrolysis with H3O+. The reaction can be represented as follows:
Step 1: Reaction with Dry CO2
CH3MgBr + CO2 → CH3COO-MgBr
Step 2: Hydrolysis with H3O+
CH3COO-MgBr + H3O+ → CH3COOH + MgBrOH
The MgBrOH formed in the reaction is insoluble in water and can be easily separated from the reaction mixture. The propanoic acid obtained can be purified by distillation.
Explanation:
Dry CO2 is bubbled through the solution of methyl magnesium bromide in dry ether. The dry ether is used to prevent the reaction of methyl magnesium bromide with moisture present in the air. The reaction between methyl magnesium bromide and dry CO2 forms magnesium salt of acetic acid (CH3COO-MgBr) which upon hydrolysis with H3O+ yields propanoic acid. The reaction is carried out in a dry and inert atmosphere to prevent the reaction from getting affected by moisture or oxygen present in the air.
Preparation of Methyl Magnesium Bromide:
Methyl magnesium bromide is prepared by reacting methyl bromide with magnesium metal in dry ether. The reaction can be represented as follows:
CH3Br + Mg → CH3MgBr
Conversion of Methyl Magnesium Bromide to Propanoic Acid:
Methyl magnesium bromide can be converted to propanoic acid by reacting it with dry CO2 followed by hydrolysis with H3O+. The reaction can be represented as follows:
Step 1: Reaction with Dry CO2
CH3MgBr + CO2 → CH3COO-MgBr
Step 2: Hydrolysis with H3O+
CH3COO-MgBr + H3O+ → CH3COOH + MgBrOH
The MgBrOH formed in the reaction is insoluble in water and can be easily separated from the reaction mixture. The propanoic acid obtained can be purified by distillation.
Explanation:
Dry CO2 is bubbled through the solution of methyl magnesium bromide in dry ether. The dry ether is used to prevent the reaction of methyl magnesium bromide with moisture present in the air. The reaction between methyl magnesium bromide and dry CO2 forms magnesium salt of acetic acid (CH3COO-MgBr) which upon hydrolysis with H3O+ yields propanoic acid. The reaction is carried out in a dry and inert atmosphere to prevent the reaction from getting affected by moisture or oxygen present in the air.
[Fe(CN)6]4- is an example of a _______- a)Coordination compound
- b)Complex ion
- c)Double salt
- d)Complex salt
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
[Fe(CN)6]4- is an example of a _______
a)
Coordination compound
b)
Complex ion
c)
Double salt
d)
Complex salt
|
|
Ankita Datta answered |
Coordination compound
Coordination compounds are compounds that contain a central metal ion or atom coordinated to one or more ligands. Ligands are typically ions or molecules that have at least one pair of electrons to donate to the metal ion. The coordination number of the metal ion is determined by the number of ligands attached to it.
Complex ion
A complex ion is an ion formed from the central metal ion and the ligands. It represents the central metal ion and the ligands together as a single species. The charge of the complex ion is equal to the charge of the central metal ion plus the charges of the ligands.
Double salt
A double salt is a compound that contains two different cations or anions that are held together by ionic bonds. These salts have a definite ratio of the two ions and can be separated into their individual ions by dissolution in water.
Complex salt
A complex salt is a compound that contains a complex ion along with other ions. It is formed from the reaction between a metal salt and a ligand. The complex ion is responsible for the coordination of the ligands, while the other ions are present to balance the charges.
In the given compound [Fe(CN)6]4-, the coordination complex ion is [Fe(CN)6]4-. The central metal ion is Fe(iron), which is coordinated to six CN(cyanide) ligands. The coordination number of the iron ion is 6, as it is coordinated to six ligands.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B) Complex ion, as [Fe(CN)6]4- represents the complex ion formed by the coordination of the iron ion to the cyanide ligands.
Coordination compounds are compounds that contain a central metal ion or atom coordinated to one or more ligands. Ligands are typically ions or molecules that have at least one pair of electrons to donate to the metal ion. The coordination number of the metal ion is determined by the number of ligands attached to it.
Complex ion
A complex ion is an ion formed from the central metal ion and the ligands. It represents the central metal ion and the ligands together as a single species. The charge of the complex ion is equal to the charge of the central metal ion plus the charges of the ligands.
Double salt
A double salt is a compound that contains two different cations or anions that are held together by ionic bonds. These salts have a definite ratio of the two ions and can be separated into their individual ions by dissolution in water.
Complex salt
A complex salt is a compound that contains a complex ion along with other ions. It is formed from the reaction between a metal salt and a ligand. The complex ion is responsible for the coordination of the ligands, while the other ions are present to balance the charges.
In the given compound [Fe(CN)6]4-, the coordination complex ion is [Fe(CN)6]4-. The central metal ion is Fe(iron), which is coordinated to six CN(cyanide) ligands. The coordination number of the iron ion is 6, as it is coordinated to six ligands.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B) Complex ion, as [Fe(CN)6]4- represents the complex ion formed by the coordination of the iron ion to the cyanide ligands.
What is the preferred electrode when it is not allowed to take part in the chemical reaction?- a)Gold
- b)Silver
- c)Copper
- d)Graphite
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the preferred electrode when it is not allowed to take part in the chemical reaction?
a)
Gold
b)
Silver
c)
Copper
d)
Graphite
|
|
Tanuja Kapoor answered |
Electrodes which do not take part in the chemical reaction during electrolysis are known as inert electrodes. Gold, silver and graphite do not take part in the process, but graphite is preferred because gold and silver electrodes are expensive.
Which of the following statements regarding Ideal solutions is false?- a)Ideal solutions obey Raoult’s law under all conditions of temperature and concentrations
- b)There will be some change in volume on mixing the components, i.e., ΔVmixing ≠ 0
- c)There will be no change in enthalpy when the two components are mixed, i.e., ΔHmixing = 0
- d)There will be no change in volume on mixing the components, i.e., ΔVmixing = 0
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements regarding Ideal solutions is false?
a)
Ideal solutions obey Raoult’s law under all conditions of temperature and concentrations
b)
There will be some change in volume on mixing the components, i.e., ΔVmixing ≠ 0
c)
There will be no change in enthalpy when the two components are mixed, i.e., ΔHmixing = 0
d)
There will be no change in volume on mixing the components, i.e., ΔVmixing = 0
|
|
Anshika Menon answered |
's law.
b)Ideal solutions have no energy interactions between their components.
c)Ideal solutions have a negative deviation from Raoult's law.
d)Ideal solutions have a zero enthalpy of mixing.
e)All of the above statements are true.
Correct answer: c) Ideal solutions have a negative deviation from Raoult's law. (This statement is false because ideal solutions have no deviation from Raoult's law.)
b)Ideal solutions have no energy interactions between their components.
c)Ideal solutions have a negative deviation from Raoult's law.
d)Ideal solutions have a zero enthalpy of mixing.
e)All of the above statements are true.
Correct answer: c) Ideal solutions have a negative deviation from Raoult's law. (This statement is false because ideal solutions have no deviation from Raoult's law.)
Which of the following element belongs to the first transition series of the periodic table?- a)V
- b)Zr
- c)Ta
- d)Y
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following element belongs to the first transition series of the periodic table?
a)
V
b)
Zr
c)
Ta
d)
Y
|
|
Tanuja Kapoor answered |
The first transition series or 3d series corresponding to the filling of 3d sublevel consists of the following 10 elements of the 4th period: Sc (Atomic No. = 21), Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn (Atomic No. = 30).
Aromatic diazonium salts are stable at _____ temperatures.- a)cold
- b)room
- c)warm
- d)high
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Aromatic diazonium salts are stable at _____ temperatures.
a)
cold
b)
room
c)
warm
d)
high
|
|
Nisha Patel answered |
Stability of Aromatic Diazonium Salts
Aromatic diazonium salts are known for their unique properties and applications in organic chemistry. Their stability is significantly influenced by temperature.
Factors Affecting Stability
- Cold Temperatures: Aromatic diazonium salts are stable at low temperatures (typically below 5°C). At these temperatures, the kinetic energy of the molecules is reduced, which decreases the rate of decomposition. This stability is essential for their use in various reactions, such as azo coupling.
- Decomposition at Higher Temperatures: When exposed to warmer or high temperatures, diazonium salts can decompose readily. The increased thermal energy leads to the breakdown of the diazonium group, resulting in the formation of nitrogen gas and the corresponding aryl compounds.
- Reactivity in Reactions: Although stable at low temperatures, aromatic diazonium salts are highly reactive intermediates. They can participate in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, forming azo compounds when reacted with activated aromatic systems.
Applications
- Synthetic Chemistry: Their stability at cold temperatures allows for the safe storage and handling of diazonium salts before they are used in synthesis.
- Dye Manufacturing: Aromatic diazonium salts are crucial in the manufacture of azo dyes, which are widely used in textiles and other materials.
In summary, aromatic diazonium salts exhibit stability at cold temperatures, making them valuable in synthetic applications. Understanding their temperature-dependent stability is essential for chemists working with these compounds.
Aromatic diazonium salts are known for their unique properties and applications in organic chemistry. Their stability is significantly influenced by temperature.
Factors Affecting Stability
- Cold Temperatures: Aromatic diazonium salts are stable at low temperatures (typically below 5°C). At these temperatures, the kinetic energy of the molecules is reduced, which decreases the rate of decomposition. This stability is essential for their use in various reactions, such as azo coupling.
- Decomposition at Higher Temperatures: When exposed to warmer or high temperatures, diazonium salts can decompose readily. The increased thermal energy leads to the breakdown of the diazonium group, resulting in the formation of nitrogen gas and the corresponding aryl compounds.
- Reactivity in Reactions: Although stable at low temperatures, aromatic diazonium salts are highly reactive intermediates. They can participate in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, forming azo compounds when reacted with activated aromatic systems.
Applications
- Synthetic Chemistry: Their stability at cold temperatures allows for the safe storage and handling of diazonium salts before they are used in synthesis.
- Dye Manufacturing: Aromatic diazonium salts are crucial in the manufacture of azo dyes, which are widely used in textiles and other materials.
In summary, aromatic diazonium salts exhibit stability at cold temperatures, making them valuable in synthetic applications. Understanding their temperature-dependent stability is essential for chemists working with these compounds.
Roasting results in the formation of oxides. But why are oxide ores are subjected to roasting?- a)To avoid gangue particles
- b)To get crude metal with using oxidizing agent
- c)To remove volatile impurities in the form of their oxides
- d)To make the ore porous
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Roasting results in the formation of oxides. But why are oxide ores are subjected to roasting?
a)
To avoid gangue particles
b)
To get crude metal with using oxidizing agent
c)
To remove volatile impurities in the form of their oxides
d)
To make the ore porous
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Oxide ores are subjected to roasting to remove the volatile impurities in the form of their oxides. It is easier to obtain metals from their oxides (by reduction) than from carbonates or sulphides. So before reduction can be done, the ore is converted into metal oxide.
Which of the following statements regarding corrosion is true?- a)Corrosion does not depend on the reactivity of the metal
- b)Presence of impurities does not affect the rate of corrosion
- c)Strains in metals affect the rate of corrosion
- d)Presence of electrolytes does not affect the rate of corrosion
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements regarding corrosion is true?
a)
Corrosion does not depend on the reactivity of the metal
b)
Presence of impurities does not affect the rate of corrosion
c)
Strains in metals affect the rate of corrosion
d)
Presence of electrolytes does not affect the rate of corrosion
|
Pranavi Iyer answered |
Corrosion is a natural process that occurs when metals react with the environment, leading to their deterioration. It is a common problem in industries, infrastructure, and everyday objects made of metal. Understanding the factors that affect the rate of corrosion is crucial in preventing and mitigating its effects.
Strains in metals affect the rate of corrosion:
- Metals are often subjected to mechanical stresses and strains in various applications. These strains can arise from processes such as bending, stretching, or vibrations. Strains can cause localized changes in the metal's structure, leading to the formation of dislocations and defects.
- These defects provide sites for corrosion initiation, as they create regions of increased reactivity. The strain-induced defects can act as preferential sites for the adsorption of corrosive species, such as oxygen or moisture, leading to accelerated corrosion rates.
- Additionally, strains can also affect the diffusion of corrosive species within the metal. Strain gradients can alter the transport properties, making it easier for corrosive species to penetrate into the metal and reach susceptible regions.
- The combination of strain-induced defects and altered transport properties can significantly increase the rate of corrosion. It is particularly evident in situations where the metal is exposed to cyclic loading or alternating stresses, which can lead to fatigue corrosion.
Other factors affecting the rate of corrosion:
- The reactivity of the metal: Corrosion depends on the reactivity of the metal. More reactive metals, such as iron, are more prone to corrosion compared to less reactive metals like gold or platinum.
- Presence of impurities: Impurities in metals can affect the rate of corrosion. For example, the presence of certain alloying elements can enhance the corrosion resistance of a metal, while other impurities can promote corrosion.
- Presence of electrolytes: Electrolytes, such as salts or acids, can significantly increase the rate of corrosion. They facilitate the flow of ions, allowing for faster electrochemical reactions to occur at the metal surface.
In conclusion, the statement that strains in metals affect the rate of corrosion is true. Strains can induce defects and alter transport properties, leading to accelerated corrosion rates. However, the other statements in the options given are incorrect. The reactivity of the metal, presence of impurities, and electrolytes all have significant effects on the rate of corrosion.
Strains in metals affect the rate of corrosion:
- Metals are often subjected to mechanical stresses and strains in various applications. These strains can arise from processes such as bending, stretching, or vibrations. Strains can cause localized changes in the metal's structure, leading to the formation of dislocations and defects.
- These defects provide sites for corrosion initiation, as they create regions of increased reactivity. The strain-induced defects can act as preferential sites for the adsorption of corrosive species, such as oxygen or moisture, leading to accelerated corrosion rates.
- Additionally, strains can also affect the diffusion of corrosive species within the metal. Strain gradients can alter the transport properties, making it easier for corrosive species to penetrate into the metal and reach susceptible regions.
- The combination of strain-induced defects and altered transport properties can significantly increase the rate of corrosion. It is particularly evident in situations where the metal is exposed to cyclic loading or alternating stresses, which can lead to fatigue corrosion.
Other factors affecting the rate of corrosion:
- The reactivity of the metal: Corrosion depends on the reactivity of the metal. More reactive metals, such as iron, are more prone to corrosion compared to less reactive metals like gold or platinum.
- Presence of impurities: Impurities in metals can affect the rate of corrosion. For example, the presence of certain alloying elements can enhance the corrosion resistance of a metal, while other impurities can promote corrosion.
- Presence of electrolytes: Electrolytes, such as salts or acids, can significantly increase the rate of corrosion. They facilitate the flow of ions, allowing for faster electrochemical reactions to occur at the metal surface.
In conclusion, the statement that strains in metals affect the rate of corrosion is true. Strains can induce defects and alter transport properties, leading to accelerated corrosion rates. However, the other statements in the options given are incorrect. The reactivity of the metal, presence of impurities, and electrolytes all have significant effects on the rate of corrosion.
How many times will the rate of the elementary reaction 3X + Y → X2Y change if the concentration of the substance X is doubled and that of Y is halved?- a)r2 = 4.5r1
- b)r2 = 5r1
- c)r2 = 2r1
- d)r2 = 4r1
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
How many times will the rate of the elementary reaction 3X + Y → X2Y change if the concentration of the substance X is doubled and that of Y is halved?
a)
r2 = 4.5r1
b)
r2 = 5r1
c)
r2 = 2r1
d)
r2 = 4r1
|
|
Rutuja Mehta answered |
Please provide more information to answer your question accurately.
What is the substance, present in a larger quantity that tends to establish homogenous bonds with a foreign substance, introduced in smaller quantity?- a)Solute
- b)Element
- c)Solvent
- d)Compound
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the substance, present in a larger quantity that tends to establish homogenous bonds with a foreign substance, introduced in smaller quantity?
a)
Solute
b)
Element
c)
Solvent
d)
Compound
|
Rajesh Chatterjee answered |
The correct answer is option 'c) Solvent', not option 'b) Element'. Let's understand why.
Introduction:
In a solution, which is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, there are two main components: the solute and the solvent. The solute is the substance that is present in a smaller quantity and gets dissolved, while the solvent is the substance that is present in a larger quantity and does the dissolving.
Explanation:
1. Solute:
- The solute is the component that is introduced in a smaller quantity into a solution.
- It is the substance that gets dissolved in the solvent.
- The solute can be a solid, liquid, or gas, depending on the type of solution.
- It may or may not be present in all solutions, as some solutions can be pure solvents without any solute.
2. Solvent:
- The solvent is the component that is present in a larger quantity in a solution.
- It is the substance that does the dissolving of the solute.
- The solvent is responsible for establishing homogeneous bonds with the solute particles.
- It can be a liquid, gas, or even a solid in some cases.
- The choice of solvent depends on the nature of the solute and the desired properties of the solution.
Example:
Let's consider an example of a saltwater solution. In this case, salt (solute) is dissolved in water (solvent).
- Salt is the solute, which is introduced in a smaller quantity.
- Water is the solvent, which is present in a larger quantity and dissolves the salt.
- The water molecules surround the individual salt ions and establish bonds with them, resulting in a homogeneous solution.
Conclusion:
In summary, when a foreign substance is introduced into a larger quantity of another substance, the larger substance is known as the solvent. The solvent is responsible for establishing homogenous bonds with the solute, which is present in a smaller quantity. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'c) Solvent', not option 'b) Element'.
Introduction:
In a solution, which is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, there are two main components: the solute and the solvent. The solute is the substance that is present in a smaller quantity and gets dissolved, while the solvent is the substance that is present in a larger quantity and does the dissolving.
Explanation:
1. Solute:
- The solute is the component that is introduced in a smaller quantity into a solution.
- It is the substance that gets dissolved in the solvent.
- The solute can be a solid, liquid, or gas, depending on the type of solution.
- It may or may not be present in all solutions, as some solutions can be pure solvents without any solute.
2. Solvent:
- The solvent is the component that is present in a larger quantity in a solution.
- It is the substance that does the dissolving of the solute.
- The solvent is responsible for establishing homogeneous bonds with the solute particles.
- It can be a liquid, gas, or even a solid in some cases.
- The choice of solvent depends on the nature of the solute and the desired properties of the solution.
Example:
Let's consider an example of a saltwater solution. In this case, salt (solute) is dissolved in water (solvent).
- Salt is the solute, which is introduced in a smaller quantity.
- Water is the solvent, which is present in a larger quantity and dissolves the salt.
- The water molecules surround the individual salt ions and establish bonds with them, resulting in a homogeneous solution.
Conclusion:
In summary, when a foreign substance is introduced into a larger quantity of another substance, the larger substance is known as the solvent. The solvent is responsible for establishing homogenous bonds with the solute, which is present in a smaller quantity. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'c) Solvent', not option 'b) Element'.
What is the correct order of magnetic strength among the following elements?- a)Fe > Co > Ni > Cu
- b)Fe > Ni > Co > Cu
- c)Cu > Ni > Co > Fe
- d)Cu > Fe > Ni > Co
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the correct order of magnetic strength among the following elements?
a)
Fe > Co > Ni > Cu
b)
Fe > Ni > Co > Cu
c)
Cu > Ni > Co > Fe
d)
Cu > Fe > Ni > Co
|
Nandini Choudhury answered |
Understanding Magnetic Strength in Elements
The magnetic strength of elements is rooted in their atomic structure, particularly the arrangement of electrons and their spins. Let's explore the magnetic properties of the elements mentioned: Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), and Copper (Cu).
1. Fundamental Magnetic Properties
- Ferromagnetism: This property arises due to unpaired electrons in the d-orbitals of transition metals. Ferromagnetic materials have strong magnetic moments that can align in the same direction.
- Diamagnetism: Elements like Copper (Cu) exhibit a weak repulsion in a magnetic field due to all paired electrons.
2. Ranking the Elements
- Iron (Fe): Known for its strong ferromagnetic properties, Fe has a high number of unpaired electrons, making it the strongest magnet among the four.
- Cobalt (Co): Cobalt is also ferromagnetic and has significant magnetic strength, but it is weaker than iron.
- Nickel (Ni): Nickel is ferromagnetic as well, but it ranks lower than both Fe and Co in magnetic strength, primarily due to fewer unpaired electrons.
- Copper (Cu): As a diamagnetic material, copper does not have unpaired electrons and is not considered magnetic. It ranks the lowest in terms of magnetic strength.
3. Conclusion
The correct order of magnetic strength is:
- Fe > Co > Ni > Cu
This ranking reflects the elements' ability to generate and maintain magnetic fields, with iron being the strongest due to its unpaired electrons, followed by cobalt and nickel, and copper being non-magnetic.
The magnetic strength of elements is rooted in their atomic structure, particularly the arrangement of electrons and their spins. Let's explore the magnetic properties of the elements mentioned: Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), and Copper (Cu).
1. Fundamental Magnetic Properties
- Ferromagnetism: This property arises due to unpaired electrons in the d-orbitals of transition metals. Ferromagnetic materials have strong magnetic moments that can align in the same direction.
- Diamagnetism: Elements like Copper (Cu) exhibit a weak repulsion in a magnetic field due to all paired electrons.
2. Ranking the Elements
- Iron (Fe): Known for its strong ferromagnetic properties, Fe has a high number of unpaired electrons, making it the strongest magnet among the four.
- Cobalt (Co): Cobalt is also ferromagnetic and has significant magnetic strength, but it is weaker than iron.
- Nickel (Ni): Nickel is ferromagnetic as well, but it ranks lower than both Fe and Co in magnetic strength, primarily due to fewer unpaired electrons.
- Copper (Cu): As a diamagnetic material, copper does not have unpaired electrons and is not considered magnetic. It ranks the lowest in terms of magnetic strength.
3. Conclusion
The correct order of magnetic strength is:
- Fe > Co > Ni > Cu
This ranking reflects the elements' ability to generate and maintain magnetic fields, with iron being the strongest due to its unpaired electrons, followed by cobalt and nickel, and copper being non-magnetic.
Chapter doubts & questions for Chemistry CUET UG Mock Tests 2026 - Chemistry CUET UG Mock Test Series 2026 2025 is part of NEET exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for NEET 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.
Chapter doubts & questions of Chemistry CUET UG Mock Tests 2026 - Chemistry CUET UG Mock Test Series 2026 in English & Hindi are available as part of NEET exam.
Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for NEET Exam by signing up for free.
Chemistry CUET UG Mock Test Series 2026
3 docs|163 tests
|
|
© EduRev
|
Education Revolution
|
|
Signup to see your scores
go up
within 7 days!
within 7 days!
Takes less than 10 seconds to signup