All Exams  >   UPSC  >   Lucent for GK  >   All Questions

All questions of Harappan Civilization for UPSC CSE Exam

Match the following:
  • a)
    1-D, 2-B, 3-A, 4-C
  • b)
    1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A
  • c)
    1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D
  • d)
    1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-B
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Harappa was discovered in 1920-1921 by Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni Mohanjodaro was discovered in 1922 by R. D. Banerji,  Chanhudaro was discovered by N G Majumdar in 1931, Kot diji was discovered in 1935 by ghumey Above information is true hence option A is correct.

In which of the following site, A dog buried with human oval pit burials were discovered?
  • a)
    Harappa
  • b)
    Mohen-jo-daro
  • c)
    Ropar
  • d)
    Dholavira
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Bhaskar Kapoor answered
Discovery of Dog Buried with Human in Ropar Site

The correct answer to the question is option C, Ropar. Let's discuss in detail about the discovery of dog buried with human in Ropar Site.

Ropar or Rupnagar is a town located in Punjab, India. It is an archaeological site that has been in existence since the Harappan civilization. The site has been excavated by various archaeologists, and many discoveries have been made.

Discovery of Burial Site

In 2018, a team of archaeologists from the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) discovered the burial site in Ropar. The site is believed to be around 4,500 years old, dating back to the Harappan civilization.

Discovery of Dog Buried with Human

During the excavation, the archaeologists discovered a dog buried with a human in an oval pit burial. This discovery is significant as it is the first time that a dog has been found buried with a human in an oval pit burial.

The dog was found buried with its head pointing towards the human's feet. The archaeologists believe that the dog was buried with the human as a companion or as a ritualistic offering.

Importance of the Discovery

The discovery of the dog buried with the human in an oval pit burial is significant as it provides insights into the relationship between humans and animals during the Harappan civilization.

It also sheds light on the importance of dogs in the Harappan society and their role as companions and protectors of humans.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the discovery of the dog buried with the human in an oval pit burial in Ropar is a significant archaeological discovery. It provides insights into the relationship between humans and animals during the Harappan civilization and highlights the importance of dogs in their society.

Regarding the Indus Valley Civilization, consider the following statements :
1. It was predominantly a secular civilization and the religious element, though present, did not dominate the scene
2. During this period, cotton was used for manufacturing textiles in India
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only 
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2 
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Poonam Reddy answered
► Statement 1 is correct - the Indus civilization was highly developed & it was not bound by religious rule, it was a secular civilization. Sir John Marshall an archaeologist says that it was not a new civilization on Indian soil, it was quite old & developed
► Statement 2 is correct - Farmers in Indus valley civilization were the first to weave cotton textiles. Some of the cotton textiles were unearthed in 1929 in Mohenjo-Daro site which is now in Pakistan.

Concerning the religious practices of the Indus Valley civilization, consider the following statements:
1. One of the major features was the worship of the female goddess associated with fertility.
2. Several big temple constructions have been excavated from the ruins of Harappa and Mahenjo-daro.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sahana Singh answered
Explanation:

The correct answer is option 'A' which means only statement 1 is correct.

Statement 1: One of the major features of the religious practices of the Indus Valley civilization was the worship of the female goddess associated with fertility.

- The Indus Valley civilization, also known as the Harappan civilization, existed around 3300-1300 BCE in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent.
- The religious practices of the Indus Valley civilization are not well understood due to the lack of deciphered written records.
- However, archaeological evidence provides some insights into their religious beliefs and practices.
- The worship of the female goddess associated with fertility is one of the prominent features depicted in the art and artifacts of the Indus Valley civilization.
- Many terracotta figurines of a mother goddess with exaggerated features associated with fertility, such as large hips and breasts, have been found at various sites.
- These figurines suggest the importance of fertility and the worship of a female deity in the religious practices of the Indus Valley civilization.
- The worship of the mother goddess associated with fertility is a common feature in many ancient civilizations, and it is believed that the Indus Valley civilization also had similar religious beliefs and practices.

Statement 2: Several big temple constructions have been excavated from the ruins of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.

- This statement is incorrect. No big temple constructions have been excavated from the ruins of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.
- The architecture of the Indus Valley civilization is characterized by well-planned cities with grid-like street patterns, elaborate drainage systems, and large public buildings.
- However, there is no clear evidence of large temple structures in the Indus Valley civilization.
- Unlike later ancient Indian civilizations like the Mauryan and Gupta empires, the Indus Valley civilization did not leave behind monumental temple structures.
- The absence of large temple constructions in the archaeological remains of the Indus Valley civilization has led to speculation about the nature of their religious practices.
- It is possible that religious activities were conducted in smaller structures or open-air spaces rather than in monumental temples.
- The absence of deciphered written records also makes it challenging to understand the precise nature of religious practices in the Indus Valley civilization.

In conclusion, statement 1 is correct as the worship of the female goddess associated with fertility was a major feature of the religious practices of the Indus Valley civilization. However, statement 2 is incorrect as no big temple constructions have been excavated from the ruins of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.

Post-Harappan culture has been found in
  • a)
    Amri and Kot Diji
  • b)
    Kalibangan and Banwali
  • c)
    Rangpur and Rojdi
  • d)
    Chanhudaro and Surkotada
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Mehta answered
  • Banawali, earlier known as Vanavali is a village and archaeological site situated around 15 km from Fatehabad district of Haryana, India. It belongs to the Indus Valley Civilization period which got settled on the left banks of dried river Saraswati.It was built on the upper middle valley compared to Kalibangan town which was on the lower part.
  • Kalibangan, ancient site of the Indus valley civilization, in northern Rajasthan state, northwestern India.

Match the following:
  • a)
    [A-II], [B-I], [C-IV], [D-III]
  • b)
    [A-I], [B-II], [C-III], [D-IV]  
  • c)
    [A-III], [B-II], [C-I], [D-IV]
  • d)
    [A-II], [B-I], [C-III], [D-IV]
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

1) The Mesolithic or middle stone age is an archaeological term used to describe specific cultures that fall between the paleolithic and neolithic periods. Mesolithic identified as a prehistoric period. Some Mesolithic people continued with intensive hunting, while others practiced the initial stages of domestication. Some Mesolithic settlements were villages of huts, others walled cities.
2) Advanced Neolithic is the final division of stone age. In these, sedentary villages had been established. As the Natufians had become dependent on wild cereals in their diet and a sedentary way of life had begun among them, the climatic changes associated with the Younger Dryas (about 10000 BC) are thought to have forced people to develop farming. In other words, farming communities had arisen in this period.
3) Early Neolithic is the initiation to age of chipped stone tools and preceded the bronze age or early period of metal tools. There was incipient means beginning.
So according to me,
1-B;. 2-A;. 3- D; 4- C.

Consider the following statements about the trade practices of the Harappan Civilization:
  1. The Harappan Civilization engaged in extensive trade with Mesopotamia, as evidenced by the discovery of Harappan seals in Mesopotamia.
  2. Trade within the Harappan Civilization was facilitated by the use of metal coins as currency.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
  • a)
    Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.
  • b)
    Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct but Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.
  • c)
    Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.
  • d)
    Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mehul Shah answered
Analysis of the Statements
The question presents two statements regarding the trade practices of the Harappan Civilization. Let's evaluate each statement:
Statement-I: Trade with Mesopotamia
- The Harappan Civilization indeed engaged in extensive trade with Mesopotamia.
- Evidence includes the discovery of Harappan seals in Mesopotamia, indicating commercial exchanges.
- Archaeological findings confirm that goods such as cotton, beads, and semi-precious stones were traded.
Statement-II: Use of Metal Coins
- This statement is incorrect. The Harappan Civilization did not use metal coins as currency.
- Instead, trade was facilitated through barter systems, and the use of weights and measures.
- Harappan seals may have been used as markers of trade rather than currency.
Conclusion
- Given that Statement-I is correct and Statement-II is incorrect, the answer aligns with option 'C':
- Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.
This distinction highlights the advanced trade practices of the Harappan Civilization while clarifying misconceptions about their currency system.

Consider the following statements regarding theories of Indus Valley Civilization?
1. Sumerian Origin  theory was proposed by William Mortimer
2. According to proto-Dravidian theory, the IVC people were originally Dravidian who had come from the Arctic region
3. According to Aryan origin theory, the IVC people were essentially the ancestors of the Vedic Aryans.
Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    1 and 2 only
  • d)
    1 and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kavita Shah answered
► Statement 1 is correct - Sumerian Origin - According to William Mortimer, the IVC people were actually of Sumerian origin.
► Statement 2 is incorrect - Proto-Dravidian Origin - the IVC people were originally Dravidian people who had come there from the Mediterranean region
► Statement 3 is correct - Aryan Origin - According to this theory, the Harappans were essentially the ancestors of the Vedic Aryans. 

Consider the following statements regarding the later phase of the Indus valley Burial Practices:
1. A dog buried with human oval pit burials was discovered in Ropar.
2. The placing of the body in a foetal position is the hallmark of the later phase of IVC.
3. The separate burial pits for dogs were discovered in Kashmir
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anoushka Desai answered
► Statement 1 is correct - A dog buried with human oval pit burials was discovered in Ropar, Punjab.
► Statement 2 is incorrect - The placing of the body in a foetal position is the hallmark of the early phase of IVC.
► Statement 3 is correct - In Kashmir’s Burzahom site, separate burial pits for dogs were discovered.

Consider the following statements regarding Indus Valley Civilization Rakhigarhi Site:
1. It is located on the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakar river plains in Haryana.
2. Unlike other sites, here burials were also done in the prone position.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Neither 1 nor 2
  • d)
    Both 1 and 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Kaur answered
► Statement 1 is correct - It is located on the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakar river plains in Haryana, India. The architecture here was similar to other Harappan cities.
► Statement 2 is correct - A unique feature from this site is that unlike other Harappan sites, here burials were also done in the prone position.

Which of the following statements about the Indus Valley Civilization is incorrect?
    • a)
      The civilization had advanced drainage systems.
    • b)
      It primarily used metal for construction.
    • c)
      It was one of the earliest urban civilizations.
    • d)
      Evidence of trade with Mesopotamia has been found.
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    Mayank Joshi answered
    Overview of the Indus Valley Civilization
    The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), which flourished around 2500 BCE, is recognized for its remarkable urban planning and advanced technologies. Understanding the civilization's characteristics helps in identifying the incorrect statement regarding it.
    Key Features of the Indus Valley Civilization
    - Advanced Drainage Systems:
    The IVC is well-known for its sophisticated drainage systems, which included covered drains and intricate plumbing. This indicates a high level of urban planning and hygiene.
    - Evidence of Urbanization:
    It was among the earliest urban civilizations, featuring well-planned cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, with grid layouts and standardized brick sizes.
    - Trade Relations:
    Archaeological findings confirm trade with Mesopotamia, showcasing the civilization's economic sophistication and interaction with other cultures.
    Incorrect Statement: Metal Use in Construction
    - Primarily Used Metal for Construction:
    This statement is incorrect. The IVC predominantly used fired brick for construction rather than metal. While metals like copper, bronze, and some gold were used for tools, jewelry, and other artifacts, the structural aspects of their buildings relied on durable clay bricks. This choice was crucial for the longevity and stability of their impressive urban structures.
    Conclusion
    In summary, the Indus Valley Civilization is characterized by its advanced drainage systems, urbanization, and trade networks, but it did not primarily use metal for construction, making option 'B' the incorrect statement.

    Consider the following statements regarding seals of Harappan Civilization:
    1. Copper was the most common element used to make the seal.
    2. Seals were used for the identification of persons.
    3. Religious symbols were found in Harappan sites.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • a)
      2 and 3 only
    • b)
      1, 2 and 3
    • c)
      1 and 2 only
    • d)
      3 only 
    Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

    Arpita Khanna answered
    1. Copper was the most common element used to make the seal.
      • This statement is incorrect. The most common material used to make Harappan seals was steatite (a type of soft stone), not copper.
    2. Seals were used for the identification of persons.
      • This statement is correct. Seals were used for various purposes including trade and identification of ownership, which might include identifying persons.
    3. Religious symbols were found in Harappan sites.
      • This statement is correct. Many Harappan seals feature symbols that are believed to have religious significance, such as depictions of animals, trees, and deities.
    Thus, the correct statements are: 2 and 3 only

    Which of the following items were being imported by the Indus Valley traders?
    • a)
      Silver and Turquoise 
    • b)
      Combs and pearls 
    • c)
      Turquoise and Combs 
    • d)
      Silver  and pearl 
    Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

    Anand Kulkarni answered
    Import/export of other metals and stones – Silver – imported from Afghanistan and Turquoise from Iran. Besides ivory works, combs, pearls, cotton goods were exported to West Asia from the Indus cities.

    Which of the following statement is correct regarding banwali site?
    • a)
      Bead Making Factory was found at this site, which included a furnace
    • b)
      A multi-roomed house having a kitchen and a toilet was found, indicating that it may have belonged to a rich person
    • c)
      Lothal is famous for its double burials
    • d)
      There is a large granary consisting of a podium of square blocks of burnt-bricks with a wooden superstructure
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    Maulik Ghoshal answered
    Banawali
    • It is situated on the left bank of the dried up Saraswati River in Haryana, India.
    • Similar to Kalibangan, Amri, KotDiji and Harappa, Banawali also shows two cultural phases: pre-Harappan and Harappan.
    • Large quantities of barley, sesame and mustard were discovered here.
    • A multi-roomed house having a kitchen and a toilet was found, indicating that it may have belonged to a rich person.
    • The settlement at Banawali was in an oval shape.
    • It is the only IVC city that had radial streets.

    Consider the following pairs: 

    Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? 
    • a)
      1 only 
    • b)
      2, 3 and 4 only 
    • c)
      1 and 3 only 
    • d)
      1, 2, 3 and 4
    Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

    Dholavira  is an archeological site at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, in the state of Gujarat, which has taken its name from a modern-day village 1 kilometre south of it.

    Consider the following statements regarding Indus script:
    1. The script follows a boustrophedon method of writing.
    2. The script characters are largely pictorial only.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • a)
      1 only
    • b)
      2 only
    • c)
      1 and 3 only
    • d)
      1, 2 and 3
    Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

    Mainak Mehra answered
    ► Statement 1 is correct - The script was usually written right to left and sometimes followed the boustrophedon method of writing.
    Boustrophedon
    • A type of bi-directional text, mostly seen in ancient manuscripts and other inscriptions.
    • It literally means “ox-turning” in ancient Greek.
    • In this system, alternate lines of writing are flipped.
    • If the 1st line is read from right to left, then the 2nd line would be read from left to right and so on.
    ► Statement 2 is incorrect - The characters are largely pictorial but include many abstract signs, thus it is possibly a logo-syllabic script.

    Consider the following pairs:

    How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
    • a)
      Only one pair
    • b)
      Only two pairs
    • c)
      All three pairs
    • d)
      None of the pairs
    Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

    • Rice remains have been discovered at Lothal, indicating its cultivation.
    • Cotton, known to the Greeks as "sindon," was indeed produced in the region, with evidence found in areas like Mohenjo-Daro.
    • Wheat was a staple crop of the Harappan Civilization, with evidence of its cultivation found in various sites, including Harappa. Thus, all pairs are correctly matched.
    Old NCERT

    Consider the following statements about the sites associated with the Indus Valley Civilization:
    1. Chanhudaro was an important centre of craft activity and hosted a bead factory.
    2. Lothal was famous for its dockyard which lies on the eastern edge of the site.
    3. The city of Dholavira had a unique water harvesting and management system.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • a)
      1 and 2 only
    • b)
      2 and 3 only
    • c)
      1 and 3 only
    • d)
      1, 2 and 3
    Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

    Priya Menon answered
    ► Statement 1 is correct - Chanhudaro was about 130 km south of Mohenjodaro. Chanhudaro was an important centre of a craft activity. Some of the houses yielded raw material such as carnelian, agate, amethyst, and crystal as well as finished and unfinished beads and drills. More striking was the discovery of a bead factory, with lots of finished and unfinished beads, mostly made of steatite.
    ► Statement 2 is correct - Lothal is located between the Sabarmati river and its tributary, the Bhogava , in Saurashtra in Gujarat. The most distinctive feature of Lothal is the dockyard, which lies on the eastern edge of the site.
    ► Statement 3 is correct - Dholavira is located on Kadir island in the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat. The city had an impressive and unique water harvesting and management system. It can be noted that this area receives less than 160 cm of rain every year and is very prone to droughts.

    Consider the following seals:
    1. Rectangular seals
    2. Pentagon seals
    3. Circular seals
    4. Cylindrical seals
    5. Triangular seals
    6. Semi circular seals
    Which of the above type of seals is/are found in the Indus Valley Civilization base?
    • a)
      1, 3, 4 and 5
    • b)
      3, 4, 5 and 6
    • c)
      1, 2, 3 and 5
    • d)
      2, 3, 4, and 6
    Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

    The presence of different seals suggests the high standards of craftsmanship, knowledge of metrology and flourishing trade and commerce. Seals were predominantly square-shaped although triangular, rectangular, circular and cylindrical seals existed as well.

    Which one of the following is not a Harappan Site?
    • a)
      Chanhudaro 
    • b)
      Kot Diji
    • c)
      Sohagaura 
    • d)
      Desalpur
    Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

    Poonam Reddy answered
    • Chanhudaro and Desalpur are Harappan sites.
    • Kot Diji is contemporaneous to Harappan era.
    • Sohgura, on the other hand, is famous for the Ashokan era inscription.

    Consider the following statements:
    1. The Harappans were the earliest people to produce cotton, known to Greeks as sindon.
    2. The Harappan Civilization was horse-centered, with evidence of horses found in all major Harappan sites.
    3. Seals are considered the greatest artistic creations of the Harappan culture.
    How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • a)
      Only two
    • b)
      Only one
    • c)
      All three
    • d)
      None
    Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

    Explanation:

    Statement 1: The Harappans were the earliest people to produce cotton, known to Greeks as sindon.
    This statement is correct. The Harappans were indeed one of the earliest civilizations to produce cotton. They cultivated and spun cotton for textile production, which was traded with civilizations like the Greeks who referred to it as "sindon."

    Statement 2: The Harappan Civilization was horse-centered, with evidence of horses found in all major Harappan sites.
    This statement is incorrect. There is no concrete evidence to suggest that the Harappan Civilization was horse-centered. In fact, the presence of horses in Harappan sites is a topic of debate among archaeologists, with some arguing that horses were not prevalent in the Harappan culture.

    Statement 3: Seals are considered the greatest artistic creations of the Harappan culture.
    This statement is correct. The Harappan seals are indeed considered one of the greatest artistic creations of their culture. These seals were intricately carved with various motifs and inscriptions, depicting animals, humans, and other symbols. They were used for trade, administration, and possibly religious purposes.
    Therefore, only two of the statements given above are correct.

    Consider the following statements regarding Indus Valley Civilization town planning:
    1. In some sites, they lived in double stored houses.
    2. Chanduhara is the only city which doesn’t have citadel.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • a)
      1 only
    • b)
      2 only
    • c)
      Both 1and 2
    • d)
      Neither 1 nor 2
    Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

    - Statement 1: Correct. Excavations at Indus Valley sites like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa reveal evidence of double-storied houses, indicating advanced architectural skills.
    - Statement 2: Correct. Unlike most Indus Valley cities, which have a citadel or raised area, Chanhudaro (often spelled as Chanduhara) is unique as it lacks such a structure, focusing more on residential and industrial activities.

    Thus, both statements are correct. Therefore, the answer is C: Both 1 and 2.

    Consider the following statements:
    1. The Harappan Civilization is older than the chalcolithic cultures found in the region.
    2. The area covered by the Harappan Civilization was approximately 1,299,600 square kilometers.
    3. The Harappan Civilization used metal money for trade.
    How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • a)
      Only one
    • b)
      Only two
    • c)
      All three
    • d)
      None
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    Jaya Nambiar answered
    Correct Statements:
    - The Harappan Civilization is older than the chalcolithic cultures found in the region.
    - Only two

    Explanation:
    The first statement is correct as the Harappan Civilization is considered to be one of the oldest urban civilizations in the world, dating back to around 2600 BCE, while the chalcolithic cultures in the region emerged later.
    The second statement is incorrect. The area covered by the Harappan Civilization was estimated to be around 1,260,000 square kilometers, not 1,299,600 square kilometers as mentioned.
    The third statement is also incorrect. The Harappan Civilization did not use metal money for trade. Instead, they used a system of weights and measures to facilitate trade and commerce.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - Only two.

    Consider the following statements about Harappan Civilization:
    1. The Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro served a ritual purpose, likely related to religious ceremonies.
    2. The Harappan Civilization's urban centers like Mohenjo-Daro did not have a drainage system.
    3. Terracotta figurines in the Harappan culture served dual purposes: as toys and objects of worship.
    How many of the statements given above are correct?
    • a)
      Only one
    • b)
      Only two
    • c)
      All three
    • d)
      None
    Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

    Sagnik Shah answered
    Analysis of Statements on Harappan Civilization
    The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, is noted for its advanced urban planning and culture. Let’s evaluate the statements provided:
    Statement 1: The Great Bath served a ritual purpose
    - This statement is considered correct. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro likely had a ritualistic function, possibly related to purification or religious ceremonies. Its grand structure and the presence of water indicate its importance in the cultural practices of the Harappans.
    Statement 2: Urban centers lacked a drainage system
    - This statement is incorrect. The Harappan urban centers, particularly Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, are renowned for their sophisticated drainage systems. The cities featured covered drains and a well-planned layout that efficiently managed wastewater, highlighting their advanced engineering skills.
    Statement 3: Terracotta figurines served dual purposes
    - This statement is correct. Terracotta figurines from the Harappan culture indeed served multiple purposes. They were likely used as toys for children and also had a role in religious practices, possibly representing deities or figures in worship.
    Conclusion
    - Based on the evaluation:
    - Statement 1: Correct
    - Statement 2: Incorrect
    - Statement 3: Correct
    Thus, only two out of the three statements are accurate. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B': Only two statements are correct.

    Consider the following pairs:

    Which of the pairs given above is are correct?    
    • a)
      1 only
    • b)
      1 and 2
    • c)
      3 only
    • d)
      1, 2 and 3
    Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

    Eshaan Kapoor answered
    ► Statement 1 is correct - Lothal - The discovery of weights and measures proves that they knew arithmetic as well which is shown by a scale found at Lothal.
    ► Statement 2 is correct - Kotdiji - Wheel made of painted pottery, traces of a defensive wall and well -aligned streets, knowledge of metallurgy, artistic toys etc.
    ► Statement 3 is correct - The discovery of a dog buried below a human oval pit burial is interesting.

    Consider the following statements about the end of the Harappan Civilization:
    1. The decline of the Harappan Civilization can be attributed solely to the invasion by the Aryans.
    2. Environmental factors, such as changes in climate and river courses, played a significant role in the decline of the Harappan Civilization.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
    • a)
      Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.
    • b)
      Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct but Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.
    • c)
      Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.
    • d)
      Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.
    Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

    Explanation:

    Statement Analysis:

    Statement-I: The decline of the Harappan Civilization can be attributed solely to the invasion by the Aryans.
    This statement is incorrect. While the invasion by the Aryans may have contributed to the decline of the Harappan Civilization, it is not the sole reason for its downfall. There were other factors at play as well.

    Statement-II: Environmental factors, such as changes in climate and river courses, played a significant role in the decline of the Harappan Civilization.
    This statement is correct. Environmental factors did indeed play a significant role in the decline of the Harappan Civilization. Changes in climate, including droughts and floods, as well as shifts in river courses, could have disrupted the agricultural practices and trade networks of the civilization.

    Correct Answer Justification:
    The correct answer is option 'D' - Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.
    This is because while the invasion by the Aryans may have had some impact on the decline of the Harappan Civilization, it was not the sole reason for its downfall. Environmental factors, such as changes in climate and river courses, also played a significant role in the decline of the civilization.

    Chapter doubts & questions for Harappan Civilization - Lucent for GK 2025 is part of UPSC CSE exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the UPSC CSE exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for UPSC CSE 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.

    Chapter doubts & questions of Harappan Civilization - Lucent for GK in English & Hindi are available as part of UPSC CSE exam. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for UPSC CSE Exam by signing up for free.

    Lucent for GK

    643 videos|791 docs|420 tests

    Top Courses UPSC CSE

    Related UPSC CSE Content

    Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days!

    Study with 1000+ FREE Docs, Videos & Tests
    10M+ students study on EduRev