All questions of World Geography for BPSC (Bihar) Exam

The smallest planet in regards to both mass and volume is Mercury — at 4,879 km across and 3.3010 x 1023 kg, this tiny world is nearly 20 times less massive than Earth, and its diameter is about 2 and a half times smaller. In fact, Mercury is closer in size to our Moon than to Earth.

Language of Majority in Union Territories of Daman and Diu

Introduction:
The Union Territories of Daman and Diu are located on the western coast of India. The two territories are separated by the Gulf of Khambhat. Daman and Diu have a rich history and culture, influenced by Portuguese colonization.

Language:
The majority of people in the Union Territories of Daman and Diu speak Gujarati. Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Gujarati people. It is the official language of the state of Gujarat and is also spoken in other parts of India and abroad.

Other Languages:
Apart from Gujarati, other languages spoken in Daman and Diu are Marathi, Konkani, and Portuguese. Marathi is another Indo-Aryan language spoken by people in Maharashtra and other neighboring states. Konkani is an Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in the Konkan region of India. Portuguese is a legacy of the Portuguese colonization of the region and is spoken by a small population of people in Daman and Diu.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the majority of people in the Union Territories of Daman and Diu speak Gujarati. However, other languages such as Marathi, Konkani, and Portuguese are also spoken in the region due to its diverse history and culture.

Dachigam Wildlife Sanctuary. Dachigam National Park is located 22 km from Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir. The name literally stands for 'ten villages', which could be in memory of the ten villages that were relocated in order to create the park.

**Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary: The Best-Known Bird Sanctuary in Haryana**

Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary, located in the Gurgaon district of Haryana, is the best-known bird sanctuary in the state. Spread over an area of approximately 1.43 square kilometers, the sanctuary is a popular destination for bird enthusiasts, nature lovers, and photographers. It is home to a diverse range of avian species, making it a haven for birdwatching.

**1. Location and Accessibility:**
Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is situated around 40 kilometers from Delhi, making it easily accessible for both local and international visitors. The sanctuary is well-connected by road and can be reached via private vehicles or public transport. The nearest airport is the Indira Gandhi International Airport, which is approximately 15 kilometers away.

**2. Flora and Fauna:**
The sanctuary is characterized by a mix of wetland, grassland, and woodland habitats, providing an ideal environment for various bird species. It is home to more than 250 bird species, including migratory birds from Central Asia, Siberia, and Europe. Some of the prominent bird species found here include the Siberian crane, white ibis, painted stork, black-necked stork, spot-billed pelican, and various species of ducks, geese, and waders.

**3. Migratory Birds:**
During the winter months, Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary becomes a temporary home for a large number of migratory birds. These birds travel thousands of kilometers to escape the harsh winters of their native regions. The sanctuary provides them with a favorable climate, abundant food, and suitable nesting grounds. This phenomenon attracts birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts from far and wide.

**4. Birdwatching and Activities:**
Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary offers excellent opportunities for birdwatching and photography. Visitors can explore the sanctuary through a network of well-maintained walking trails and observation points. Additionally, there are strategically placed watchtowers and hides that allow visitors to observe the birds without disturbing them. The sanctuary also organizes guided walks and educational programs to create awareness about bird conservation and the importance of wetland ecosystems.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is the best-known bird sanctuary in Haryana due to its diverse range of avian species, convenient location, and excellent birdwatching opportunities. The sanctuary's commitment to conservation and education further adds to its popularity among nature enthusiasts and tourists. Whether it is the resident birds or the spectacular migratory species, Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary never fails to captivate visitors with its natural beauty and avian wonders.

Enclave in Andhra Pradesh - Tumkur District
The portion of Karnataka that is almost an enclave in Andhra Pradesh is Tumkur district. This unique geographical situation has historical roots and interesting implications for governance and administration. Here's a detailed explanation:

Location and Context:
- Tumkur district is located in the southern state of Karnataka, bordering Andhra Pradesh to the east.
- The portion of Tumkur district that lies close to the Andhra Pradesh border is almost surrounded by Andhra Pradesh territory, creating an enclave-like situation.

Historical Significance:
- The historical boundaries of states and districts are often influenced by various factors such as administrative convenience, historical events, and cultural ties.
- The specific reason for this portion of Tumkur district being surrounded by Andhra Pradesh territory may have historical significance related to past territorial demarcations.

Administrative Implications:
- The unique geographical positioning of this portion of Tumkur district has implications for governance and administration.
- It may require coordination and cooperation between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh authorities for effective administration and service delivery to the residents in this area.

Challenges and Opportunities:
- The enclave-like situation of this portion of Tumkur district presents both challenges and opportunities for development and cooperation between the two states.
- Addressing issues related to infrastructure, connectivity, and resource management in this area may require joint efforts from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh governments.
In conclusion, the portion of Tumkur district that is almost an enclave in Andhra Pradesh showcases the intricate interplay of historical, geographical, and administrative factors. Understanding this unique situation can provide insights into the complexities of borders and governance in diverse regions.

The word “monsoon” comes from the Arabic word mausim, meaning season. The word “monsoon” comes from the Arabic word mausim, meaning season. Basically, it describes a seasonal wind shift over a region that is usually accompanied by a dramatic increase in precipitation.

(b) in andhra pradesh

Mercator projection, type of map projection introduced in 1569 by Gerardus Mercator. ... This projection is widely used for navigation charts, because any straight line on a Mercator projection map is a line of constant true bearing that enables a navigator to plot a straight-line course.

A) The Buckingham Canal

Pantnagar is an industrial town situated in the Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand state. The town is famous for two reasons. Firstly, the first agricultural university of India was established here in year 1960. Secondly, it houses the Pantnagar Airport of Kumaon region.

Aksai Chin is one of the two large disputed border areas between India and China. India claims Aksai Chin as the easternmost part of the Jammu and Kashmir state.

Dharamsala - the name of world's highest cricket ground is located in Chail, Himachal Pradesh. It is situated at a level of 2,144 m high above the sea level (somewhere 7000 feet above from the sea level).

Who is the father of history ?

Largest Cities North of the Cheviot Hills:

• Glasgow: Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and the fourth largest in the United Kingdom. It is a major port city on the River Clyde in the western Lowlands of Scotland. With a rich history, vibrant culture, and numerous attractions, Glasgow is a popular destination for tourists.


• Edinburgh: Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and the second largest city in the country. It is located in the southeastern part of Scotland, near the Firth of Forth. Edinburgh is known for its stunning architecture, historical sites, and lively festivals, such as the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and the Edinburgh International Festival. The city is also home to the Scottish Parliament and the official residence of the monarch in Scotland, the Palace of Holyroodhouse.

These cities are the largest north of the Cheviot Hills, a range of rolling hills that form a natural border between England and Scotland. Glasgow and Edinburgh are both important cultural, economic, and political centers in Scotland, and they offer a wide range of attractions and experiences for visitors. For more information and resources, visit EduRev.

Major ports on white sea are
1- Arkhangels
2- Belomorsk
3- Onega
4- Mezen
5- Kem
6- Kandalaksha
7- Umba

Importance of white sea
It is an important route connecting the economically active portions of northwestern Russia with Russia's far Eastern ports and with foreign countries.It is also linked to the water transportation system of European Russia by the white sea- Baltic Canal which empties into Lake Onega.

white sea
surface area - 34,700 sq mi
Average depth - 197 ft
Max. depth - 1115 ft

The fact behind the name of the sea is that the sea is covered with ice most of the year.

Explanation:

• The Kiel Canal is located in Germany.
• It is an important shipping route that connects the North Sea with the Baltic Sea, specifically between the cities of Brunsbüttel and Kiel.
• The canal is approximately 98 kilometers (61 miles) long and saves ships the longer and more dangerous route around the Jutland Peninsula.
• It was first opened in 1895 and has since been expanded and modernized to accommodate larger ships and increased traffic.
• Aside from its commercial importance, the Kiel Canal is also popular for recreational boating and tourism, offering scenic views of the surrounding countryside.

For more information and study resources, you can explore EduRev.

Baghelkhand is a region located in the state of Madhya Pradesh in central India. It is known for its rich cultural heritage, historical significance, and natural beauty. Baghelkhand is situated in the northeastern part of Madhya Pradesh, making option A the correct answer.

Location and Geography
Baghelkhand encompasses parts of the Vindhya Range and the Satpura Range, making it a region of diverse topography. It is bounded by the state of Uttar Pradesh to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, and the districts of Narmadapuram, Hoshangabad, and Betul to the west and south. The region is spread across several districts, including Rewa, Sidhi, Satna, and parts of Shahdol and Singrauli.

Historical Significance
Baghelkhand has a rich historical past and has been ruled by various dynasties. The Baghela dynasty, from which the region derives its name, played a significant role in shaping its history. The most prominent ruler of Baghelkhand was Raja Martand Singh, who established his capital in Rewa. The region has witnessed the reign of various dynasties, including the Kalchuri, Chandela, and Bundela dynasties, contributing to its cultural and architectural heritage.

Cultural Heritage
Baghelkhand is known for its vibrant culture, which is a blend of various influences. The region is home to numerous ancient temples, historical sites, and architectural marvels. The Khajuraho Group of Monuments, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located in the Chhatarpur district of Baghelkhand. These temples are renowned for their intricate carvings and are a testament to the region's rich cultural heritage.

Natural Beauty
Baghelkhand is blessed with abundant natural beauty, including dense forests, hills, rivers, and waterfalls. The region is dotted with wildlife sanctuaries and national parks, such as Bandhavgarh National Park, Sanjay National Park, and Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. These areas are home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, making Baghelkhand a paradise for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts.

In conclusion, Baghelkhand is located in the northeastern part of Madhya Pradesh, making option A the correct answer. The region is known for its historical significance, cultural heritage, and natural beauty, attracting tourists from across the globe.

Introduction:
The biggest Canadian island is Baffin Island, which is option C. Baffin Island is located in the territory of Nunavut, Canada. It is the largest island in Canada and the fifth-largest island in the world.

Explanation:
Baffin Island is known for its vast size and stunning natural beauty. Here are some key points to understand why Baffin Island is considered the largest Canadian island:

1. Size:
Baffin Island has an area of approximately 507,451 square kilometers (195,928 square miles), making it the largest island in Canada. It stretches over 1,300 kilometers (800 miles) from southwest to northeast.

2. Location:
Baffin Island is located in the northeastern part of Canada, in the territory of Nunavut. It is surrounded by the Labrador Sea to the east, the Davis Strait to the south, and the Arctic Ocean to the north and west.

3. Geography:
The island is characterized by its rugged mountain ranges, deep fjords, and extensive glaciers. The highest peak on Baffin Island is Mount Odin, which stands at 2,147 meters (7,044 feet) above sea level.

4. Inhabitants:
Baffin Island is home to various indigenous communities, including the Inuit people who have inhabited the region for thousands of years. The largest community on the island is Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut.

5. Wildlife:
The island boasts a diverse range of wildlife, including polar bears, arctic foxes, caribou, and numerous bird species. It is also a habitat for marine mammals like seals, walruses, and whales.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Baffin Island is the largest Canadian island and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its vast size, majestic landscapes, and unique wildlife make it a significant part of Canada's natural heritage.

There's nothing for explaination... this question is quite clear... as its answer is given..

Location of Nubian Desert

The Nubian Desert is located in northern Sudan and southeastern Egypt. It covers an area of approximately 400,000 square kilometers and is one of the driest and hottest regions in the world.

Geography of Nubian Desert

The Nubian Desert is a rocky, sandy, and mountainous region that is largely uninhabited. It is bordered by the Nile River to the east, the Red Sea to the northeast, and the Libyan Desert to the west. The desert also includes several mountain ranges, including the Red Sea Hills and the Marrah Mountains.

Climate of Nubian Desert

The Nubian Desert is characterized by an arid climate with very little rainfall. Temperatures can reach up to 50°C during the summer months and drop to below freezing at night in the winter. The area is also prone to sandstorms and dust devils.

Flora and Fauna of Nubian Desert

The Nubian Desert is home to a variety of plant and animal species that have adapted to the harsh desert environment. These include acacia trees, desert holly, and date palms. Animal species include the Nubian ibex, sand fox, and desert hare.

Importance of Nubian Desert

The Nubian Desert has played an important role in the history of the region, serving as a trade route between Africa and the Middle East. It is also home to several archaeological sites, including the ancient city of Meroe, which was a center of the Kingdom of Kush. Today, the desert is a popular destination for tourists interested in exploring its natural beauty and cultural heritage.

It is capital ofUS Virgin islands,also famous for its beauty.
A port is also there for cruise ships...

Highest Peak in Africa: Mt. Kilimanjaro

• Mt. Kilimanjaro is the highest peak in Africa, standing at 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) above sea level.
• It is located in Tanzania, near the border with Kenya, and is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park.
• Kilimanjaro is a dormant volcano composed of three volcanic cones: Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira.
• The highest point on the mountain is called Uhuru Peak, which is situated on the Kibo cone.
• Mt. Kilimanjaro is one of the Seven Summits, which are the highest peaks on each of the seven continents.
• Thousands of climbers from around the world attempt to reach the summit of Kilimanjaro each year, making it one of the most popular high-altitude trekking destinations.
• The mountain is known for its diverse ecosystems, ranging from rainforests at the base to alpine meadows and glaciers near the summit.

For more information, visit EduRev.

Geographical Context
The Indian state that is almost completely sandwiched between Bhutan and Nepal is Sikkim. Understanding the geographic layout is crucial for this identification.
Location of Sikkim
- Sikkim is a northeastern state of India.
- It is bordered by Bhutan to the east and Nepal to the west.
- The southern border of Sikkim is adjacent to West Bengal.
Surrounding Borders
- To the East: Bhutan lies directly next to Sikkim, making it an important neighboring country.
- To the West: Nepal shares its border with Sikkim, creating a sandwich-like geographic arrangement.
- To the South: The state shares a border with the Indian state of West Bengal.
Strategic Importance
- Sikkim's location is not just significant geographically but also strategically.
- It serves as a critical link between India and its neighboring countries, Bhutan and Nepal.
- The state is important for trade and cultural exchange in the region.
Conclusion
In summary, Sikkim is indeed the Indian state that is almost completely sandwiched between Bhutan and Nepal. Its unique positioning highlights the interconnectedness of the region and its importance in the broader South Asian context.

Geographical phenomena aggravated by climate change:

1. Tropical Cyclones:
Tropical Cyclones are one of the most destructive weather events that cause significant damage to life, property and infrastructure. Climate change has impacted the frequency, intensity and duration of tropical cyclones. Warmer sea surface temperatures due to climate change have led to the formation of more intense and frequent cyclones. The rising sea levels have also increased the risk of storm surge and flooding, leading to more damage.

2. Erosional Activities:
Climate change has led to changes in precipitation patterns, resulting in more intense and frequent rainfall events. This has increased the risk of flooding and erosion. The melting of glaciers and ice caps due to climate change has also led to increased erosion and landslides.

3. Spread of Corals beyond Tropics:
Coral reefs are one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet. Climate change has led to an increase in sea surface temperatures, which has resulted in the spread of corals beyond the tropics. The increased temperatures have also led to coral bleaching, which is the loss of colour and vitality of the coral due to stress.

4. Increase in Sea Salinity:
Climate change has led to changes in precipitation patterns, resulting in changes in freshwater availability. This has led to an increase in sea salinity, which is harmful to marine life and ecosystems. The rising sea levels due to climate change have also led to an increase in saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers, resulting in a decrease in freshwater availability.

Therefore, all the given geographical phenomena have been aggravated by climate change.

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Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia that shares borders with India on three sides, namely, the east, west, and south. The boundary between Nepal and India is about 1,868 km long and passes through various states of India. The Indian states that share a boundary with Nepal are:

1. Uttar Pradesh: It shares a 767 km long border with Nepal, extending from the Mahakali River in the west to the Mechi River in the east.

2. Bihar: It shares a 726 km long border with Nepal, extending from the Mechi River in the west to the Kosi River in the east.

3. West Bengal: It shares a 99 km long border with Nepal, extending from the Mechi River in the west to the Torsa River in the east.

4. Sikkim: It shares a 99 km long border with Nepal, extending from the Torsa River in the west to the Jelep La Pass in the east.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D, which includes all the Indian states that share a boundary with Nepal.

Location of Gallipoli:

• Gallipoli is located in European Turkey, overlooking the Dardanelles.
• It is a peninsula that forms the northern bank of the Dardanelles Strait, which connects the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara.
• The Gallipoli Peninsula has significant historical importance, especially in relation to the Gallipoli Campaign during World War I.
• Today, the region is a popular tourist destination with historical sites, monuments, and natural beauty to explore.

For more information and resources about Gallipoli, you can visit EduRev.

Explanation:
The Ganga River is known as the Padma River in Bangladesh. Here is a detailed explanation of why it is called the Padma River in Bangladesh:
Geographical Context:
- The Ganga River is one of the major rivers in South Asia, flowing through India and Bangladesh.
- In Bangladesh, the river is known as the Padma River, which is a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River.
- The Padma River is formed by the confluence of the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers in Bangladesh.
Historical Significance:
- The name "Padma" has historical significance in the region. It is derived from the ancient Sanskrit name for the river, which means "lotus" in English.
- The lotus flower holds cultural and religious significance in the Indian subcontinent, and the name Padma reflects this symbolism.
Political and Cultural Importance:
- Bangladesh, formerly known as East Pakistan, gained independence from Pakistan in 1971.
- The renaming of the Ganga River as the Padma River in Bangladesh was part of a broader effort to assert a distinct national and cultural identity separate from India and Pakistan.
Conclusion:
- In summary, the Ganga River is called the Padma River in Bangladesh due to its geographical, historical, political, and cultural significance in the region.
- The name change reflects the unique identity and heritage of Bangladesh.

In which Pakistan city is the sports goods industry a major one?
The sports goods industry is a major one in Sialkot, Pakistan.
Explanation:
Sialkot, a city in Pakistan, is known for its thriving sports goods industry. Here are some key points to consider:
- Sialkot is located in the northeastern part of Pakistan, near the border with India.
- The city has a long history of producing high-quality sports goods, including footballs, cricket equipment, hockey sticks, and more.
- The sports goods industry in Sialkot has been a major contributor to the local economy, providing employment opportunities to thousands of people.
- The city is home to numerous sports goods manufacturing units, which range from small-scale workshops to large factories.
- Sialkot's sports goods are highly regarded globally for their quality and durability, leading to a significant demand in international markets.
- The industry has benefited from the city's skilled workforce, favorable geographic location, and infrastructure support.
- Sialkot has also attracted investments from international sports brands, further boosting its position as a major hub for sports goods production.
- The local government and industry associations have played a crucial role in promoting and supporting the growth of the sports goods industry in Sialkot.
Overall, Sialkot, Pakistan, is recognized as a major center for the sports goods industry, contributing significantly to both the local economy and the global market.

Belgian Port Connected to the UK by Ferry Service

• The Belgian port connected to the UK by a ferry service is Ostend (Option B).
• Ostend is a coastal city and major port in Belgium, situated along the North Sea.
• It serves as a crucial connection point between the UK and Belgium, allowing passengers and cargo to travel conveniently across the English Channel.
• Several ferry operators offer services between Ostend and different ports in the UK, providing a variety of options for travelers and businesses.
• The ferry service makes it easier for both countries to maintain strong economic ties and cultural exchange.

For more information, visit EduRev.

The correct answer is option 'A', which states that the Amur River separates China and Russia.

The Amur River, also known as the Heilongjiang in China, is one of the longest rivers in Asia, stretching over 4,444 kilometers. It originates in the hills of northeastern China, near the border with Mongolia, and flows eastward, forming the natural boundary between China and Russia.

Here is a detailed explanation of why the Amur River separates China and Russia:

1. Location:
- The Amur River marks a significant portion of the border between China and Russia. It runs from the confluence of the Shilka and Argun rivers, near the Russian city of Blagoveshchensk, and continues southeastward into China until it eventually reaches the Sea of Japan.

2. Border between China and Russia:
- The Amur River serves as a natural geographic boundary between China and Russia. It separates the two countries along its course, with China located to the south and Russia to the north.

3. Historical Significance:
- The Amur River has played a crucial role in the historical interactions between China and Russia. It has been a vital trade route, facilitating the movement of goods and people between the two countries for centuries.
- In the 19th century, the river became a focal point of territorial disputes between the Russian Empire and the Qing Dynasty of China. The Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and the Treaty of Peking in 1860 established the Amur River as the official border between the two powers.

4. Economic Importance:
- The Amur River basin is rich in natural resources, including timber, minerals, and fish. It supports a diverse array of flora and fauna, making it ecologically significant.
- The river also serves as a major transportation route for both China and Russia. It allows for the movement of goods, particularly timber and minerals, between the inland regions and coastal areas.

In conclusion, the Amur River serves as the natural boundary between China and Russia. It has historical, cultural, and economic significance for both countries and has played a crucial role in shaping their relationship over the years.

**Explanation:**
Port Harcourt is located in Nigeria, specifically in the Niger Delta. The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River, which is the principal river in West Africa and the third-longest river in Africa, after the Nile and the Congo Rivers. It is located in the southern part of Nigeria, where the Niger River empties into the Gulf of Guinea.

**Details:**
- The Niger River is a major river in West Africa. It flows through multiple countries, including Guinea, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria.
- The Niger River has a vast delta area where it meets the Atlantic Ocean, known as the Niger Delta. The delta covers an area of about 20,000 square kilometers (7,700 square miles).
- Port Harcourt is the capital and largest city of Rivers State in Nigeria. It is an important industrial and commercial center in the Niger Delta region.
- The city of Port Harcourt is located along the Bonny River, which is one of the distributaries of the Niger River. The Bonny River flows into the Gulf of Guinea, and Port Harcourt is situated on the eastern bank of this river.
- The Niger Delta region is known for its rich oil and gas reserves, and Port Harcourt plays a significant role in Nigeria's oil industry. It is home to several oil refineries and serves as a major hub for oil and gas activities in the country.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, Port Harcourt is located in the Niger Delta, which is the delta of the Niger River. The Niger Delta is an important region in Nigeria, known for its oil and gas resources, and Port Harcourt serves as a major city and industrial center in this region.

The Ganga River, also known as the Ganges, is one of the most important rivers in India and Bangladesh. It originates in the western Himalayas in India and flows through several states before entering Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, the Ganges River joins the river Meghna and together they flow out to the sea.

Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:

The Ganges River is formed by the confluence of two rivers, the Bhagirathi and the Alaknanda, at Devprayag in Uttarakhand, India. It then flows through the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal before entering Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh, the Ganges River splits into two main distributaries, the Padma and the Jamuna. The Padma River is the main distributary of the Ganges in Bangladesh. It is formed by the confluence of the Bhagirathi-Hooghly River, which is the main distributary of the Ganges in West Bengal, India, and the Jamuna River.

The Jamuna River is the other distributary of the Ganges in Bangladesh. It is formed by the confluence of the Brahmaputra River, which originates in Tibet and flows through India and Bangladesh. The Brahmaputra River, along with the Ganges and Meghna rivers, forms the largest delta in the world, known as the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) delta.

The Padma River and the Jamuna River meet near the capital city of Dhaka in Bangladesh and form the Meghna River. The Meghna River then flows southwards and eventually merges with the Bay of Bengal, which is part of the Indian Ocean.

In summary, the Ganges River joins the river Meghna in Bangladesh, and together they flow out to the sea as the Meghna River.