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All questions of Biological Classification for ACT Exam
The five kingdom classification was proposed by
a)Hutchinson
b)Bentham and Hooker
c)Engler and Prantl
d)WhittakerCorrect answer is 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
a)Hutchinson
b)Bentham and Hooker
c)Engler and Prantl
d)Whittaker
|
Rohit Shah answered |
The first major break from the Linnean model came from Thomas Whittaker. In 1969 Whittaker proposed a "five kingdom" system in which three kingdoms were added to the animals and plants: Monera (bacteria), Protista, and Fungi.
Classification given by Bentham and Hooker is- a)artificial
- b)natural
- c)phylogenetic
- d)numerical.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Classification given by Bentham and Hooker is
a)
artificial
b)
natural
c)
phylogenetic
d)
numerical.
|
Geetika Shah answered |
Classification given by Bentham and Hooker is Natural System. Monocots were placed after dicots, closely related families were seperated, gymnosperms were placed between dicots and monocots.
Identify the virus in figure given below
- a)HIV
- b)Retrovirus
- c)Bacteriophage
- d)TMV
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Identify the virus in figure given below
a)
HIV
b)
Retrovirus
c)
Bacteriophage
d)
TMV
|
Sarthak Verma answered |
A bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects bacteria. In fact, the word "bacteriophage" literally means "bacteria eater," because bacteriophages destroy their host cells. All bacteriophages are composed of a nucleic acid molecule that is surrounded by a protein structure.
Identify from the following, the only taxonomic category that has a real existence.- a)Phylum
- b)Species
- c)Genus
- d)Kingdom
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Identify from the following, the only taxonomic category that has a real existence.
a)
Phylum
b)
Species
c)
Genus
d)
Kingdom
|
Mrinalini Basak answered |
Explanation:
Archaebacteria are microorganisms that belong to the domain Archaea. They are prokaryotic organisms, meaning they lack a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles that are common in eukaryotic cells. Archaebacteria are known to survive in extreme environmental conditions that would be lethal for most other organisms. This is due to several factors, but the most important one is their rigid cell wall.
Rigid Cell Wall:
Archaebacteria have a unique cell wall composition that is different from that found in other bacteria. Their cell walls are made up of a complex polysaccharide called pseudomurein, which is more resistant to heat, acids, and other harsh environmental conditions than the peptidoglycan found in other bacterial cell walls. This rigid cell wall provides the archaebacteria with a protective barrier that helps them to withstand extreme temperatures, pH levels, and pressures.
Other Factors:
Apart from the rigid cell wall, there are several other factors that contribute to the ability of archaebacteria to survive in extreme environments. These include:
1. Unique metabolic pathways: Archaebacteria have evolved unique metabolic pathways that allow them to extract energy and nutrients from the environment in which they live. These pathways allow them to survive in environments that would be toxic to other organisms.
2. Resistance to radiation: Some archaebacteria are known to be resistant to high levels of radiation, which allows them to survive in environments such as hot springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
3. Adaptability: Archaebacteria are highly adaptable and can adjust their metabolism and other cellular processes in response to changes in their environment. This allows them to survive and thrive in a wide range of conditions.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, archaebacteria can survive in extreme conditions because of their unique cell wall composition, as well as other factors such as their metabolic pathways, radiation resistance, and adaptability. Their ability to survive in extreme environments makes them important models for studying the origin and evolution of life on Earth.
Archaebacteria are microorganisms that belong to the domain Archaea. They are prokaryotic organisms, meaning they lack a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles that are common in eukaryotic cells. Archaebacteria are known to survive in extreme environmental conditions that would be lethal for most other organisms. This is due to several factors, but the most important one is their rigid cell wall.
Rigid Cell Wall:
Archaebacteria have a unique cell wall composition that is different from that found in other bacteria. Their cell walls are made up of a complex polysaccharide called pseudomurein, which is more resistant to heat, acids, and other harsh environmental conditions than the peptidoglycan found in other bacterial cell walls. This rigid cell wall provides the archaebacteria with a protective barrier that helps them to withstand extreme temperatures, pH levels, and pressures.
Other Factors:
Apart from the rigid cell wall, there are several other factors that contribute to the ability of archaebacteria to survive in extreme environments. These include:
1. Unique metabolic pathways: Archaebacteria have evolved unique metabolic pathways that allow them to extract energy and nutrients from the environment in which they live. These pathways allow them to survive in environments that would be toxic to other organisms.
2. Resistance to radiation: Some archaebacteria are known to be resistant to high levels of radiation, which allows them to survive in environments such as hot springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
3. Adaptability: Archaebacteria are highly adaptable and can adjust their metabolism and other cellular processes in response to changes in their environment. This allows them to survive and thrive in a wide range of conditions.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, archaebacteria can survive in extreme conditions because of their unique cell wall composition, as well as other factors such as their metabolic pathways, radiation resistance, and adaptability. Their ability to survive in extreme environments makes them important models for studying the origin and evolution of life on Earth.
Which is the possible region of respiration in bacteria- a)Mitochondria
- b)Cell wall
- c)Nucleoid
- d)Mesosome
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which is the possible region of respiration in bacteria
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Cell wall
c)
Nucleoid
d)
Mesosome
|
Anjana Sharma answered |
Mesosomes or chondrioids are folded invaginations in the plasma membrane of bacteria that are produced by the chemical fixation techniques used to prepare samples for electron microscopy.
Bacteria have a cell wall, a simple nuclear body without a nuclear membrane, ribosomes and mesosomes in the cytoplasm, and sometimes granules of reserve material, but no endoplasmic reticulum or organelles such as mitochondria or chloroplasts.
All eukaryotic unicellular organisms belong to- a)Monera
- b)Fungi
- c)Protista
- d)Bacteria
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
All eukaryotic unicellular organisms belong to
a)
Monera
b)
Fungi
c)
Protista
d)
Bacteria
|
|
Sharmistha Giri answered |
Monera are unicellular and prokaryotic , fungi are multicellular and eukaryotic then bacteria is taken under Monera . and protista are unicellular eukaryotic..
AIDS is caused due to:
- a)Deficiency of T-4 lymphocytes
- b)High blood pressure
- c)Deficiency of Riboflavin
- d)Bacterial Infection
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
AIDS is caused due to:
a)
Deficiency of T-4 lymphocytes
b)
High blood pressure
c)
Deficiency of Riboflavin
d)
Bacterial Infection
|
Dilip Chaurasiya answered |
Aids is due to deficiency of T helper cells or T lymphocytes.
In five kingdom of classification, Whittaker assigned eukaryotes to- a)Only two of five kingdoms
- b)All five kingdoms
- c)Only three of five kingdoms
- d)Only four of five kingdoms
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
In five kingdom of classification, Whittaker assigned eukaryotes to
a)
Only two of five kingdoms
b)
All five kingdoms
c)
Only three of five kingdoms
d)
Only four of five kingdoms
|
Krishna Iyer answered |
- In Whittaker’s five kingdom of classification, kingdom protista, kingdom fungi, kingdom plantae and kingdom animalia are eukaryotic organisms.
- The kingdom monera includes prokaryotic organisms.
Can you explain the answer of this question below:All prokaryotic, unicellular organisms are included under kingdomA:FungiB:MoneraC:ProtistaD:AnimaliaThe answer is b.
|
|
Krishna Iyer answered |
- Monera is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic (is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane- bound nucleus, mitocondria, or any other membrane- bound organelle.) cell organization, like bacteria.
- They are single- celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane. The taxon Monera was first proposed as a phylum by Ernst Haeckel in 1866.
Which one is important in nutrient recycle and act as decomposer and mineralisers of the biosphere?
- a)Bacteria:- Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
Fungi:- ascomycetes, Phycomycetes
- b)Bacteria:- Photosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
Fungi:- Basidiomycetes, deuteromycetes
- c)Bacteria:- Heterotrophic bacteria
Fungi:- Phycomycetes, Basidiomycetes
- d)Bacteria:- Heterotrophic bacteria
Fungi:- ascomycetes, deuteromycetes
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one is important in nutrient recycle and act as decomposer and mineralisers of the biosphere?
a)
Bacteria:- Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
Fungi:- ascomycetes, Phycomycetes
b)
Bacteria:- Photosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
Fungi:- Basidiomycetes, deuteromycetes
c)
Bacteria:- Heterotrophic bacteria
Fungi:- Phycomycetes, Basidiomycetes
d)
Bacteria:- Heterotrophic bacteria
Fungi:- ascomycetes, deuteromycetes
|
|
Rajeev Saxena answered |
Heterotrophic bacteria are most abundant in nature. The majority are important decomposers.
Commonly known as sac-fungi, the ascomycetes are mostly multicellular, e.g., Penicillium, or rarelyunicellular, e.g., yeast (Saccharomyces). They are saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic or coprophilous (growing on dung).
Some members of deuteromycetes are saprophytes or parasites while a large number of them are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling. Some examples are Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma.
Which of the following are wall les procaryotes:-- a)Mycoplasma
- b)Bacteria
- c)Cyanobacteria
- d)Slime molds
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following are wall les procaryotes:-
a)
Mycoplasma
b)
Bacteria
c)
Cyanobacteria
d)
Slime molds
|
|
Suyash Jain answered |
**Introduction:**
Prokaryotes are a group of organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are unicellular organisms that include bacteria and archaea. Prokaryotes have a cell wall that provides structural support and protection. However, there is one group of prokaryotes that is wall-less, known as Mycoplasma.
**Mycoplasma:**
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that belong to the class Mollicutes. They are unique among prokaryotes because they lack a cell wall. Instead, they have a flexible cell membrane that gives them a pleomorphic (varying in shape) appearance. This absence of a cell wall makes Mycoplasma highly adaptable, allowing them to colonize a wide range of environments, including the human body.
**Bacteria:**
Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that have a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan. The cell wall provides shape, protection, and structural support to the bacteria. It helps them withstand changes in osmotic pressure and prevents them from bursting. The cell wall also plays a role in bacterial pathogenesis, as it can interact with the host immune system.
**Cyanobacteria:**
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes. They have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan and other complex polysaccharides. The cell wall provides them with structural support and protection. Cyanobacteria are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis and are responsible for the production of a significant amount of the Earth's oxygen.
**Slime molds:**
Slime molds are not prokaryotes but rather a type of eukaryotic organism. They belong to the kingdom Protista and are known for their unique life cycle. Slime molds can exist as free-living single-celled amoeboid organisms or as a multicellular mass called a plasmodium. They do not possess a cell wall like prokaryotes or most other eukaryotes.
**Conclusion:**
Among the options given, Mycoplasma is the only wall-less prokaryote. Bacteria and cyanobacteria have cell walls, while slime molds are not prokaryotes. Mycoplasma's lack of a cell wall gives it unique characteristics and allows it to thrive in various environments.
Prokaryotes are a group of organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are unicellular organisms that include bacteria and archaea. Prokaryotes have a cell wall that provides structural support and protection. However, there is one group of prokaryotes that is wall-less, known as Mycoplasma.
**Mycoplasma:**
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that belong to the class Mollicutes. They are unique among prokaryotes because they lack a cell wall. Instead, they have a flexible cell membrane that gives them a pleomorphic (varying in shape) appearance. This absence of a cell wall makes Mycoplasma highly adaptable, allowing them to colonize a wide range of environments, including the human body.
**Bacteria:**
Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that have a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan. The cell wall provides shape, protection, and structural support to the bacteria. It helps them withstand changes in osmotic pressure and prevents them from bursting. The cell wall also plays a role in bacterial pathogenesis, as it can interact with the host immune system.
**Cyanobacteria:**
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes. They have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan and other complex polysaccharides. The cell wall provides them with structural support and protection. Cyanobacteria are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis and are responsible for the production of a significant amount of the Earth's oxygen.
**Slime molds:**
Slime molds are not prokaryotes but rather a type of eukaryotic organism. They belong to the kingdom Protista and are known for their unique life cycle. Slime molds can exist as free-living single-celled amoeboid organisms or as a multicellular mass called a plasmodium. They do not possess a cell wall like prokaryotes or most other eukaryotes.
**Conclusion:**
Among the options given, Mycoplasma is the only wall-less prokaryote. Bacteria and cyanobacteria have cell walls, while slime molds are not prokaryotes. Mycoplasma's lack of a cell wall gives it unique characteristics and allows it to thrive in various environments.
In which class of fungi the mushroom belongs to?
- a)Ascomycetes
- b)Basidiomycetes
- c)Deuteromycetes
- d)Phycomycetes
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
In which class of fungi the mushroom belongs to?
a)
Ascomycetes
b)
Basidiomycetes
c)
Deuteromycetes
d)
Phycomycetes
|
|
Rahul Bansal answered |
- Mushrooms are the commonly known form of Basidiomycetes, called bracket fungi or puffballs.
- They grow in soil, on logs and tree stumps and in living plant bodies as parasites, e.g., rusts and smuts.
Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Topic Basidiomycetes” of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.
Causes of water bloom is :-- a)Green algae
- b)Blue green algae
- c)Bacteria
- d)Hydrilla
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Causes of water bloom is :-
a)
Green algae
b)
Blue green algae
c)
Bacteria
d)
Hydrilla
|
Ambition Institute answered |
These are a result of blue-green algae, which are actually bacteria (cyanobacteria). Some algal blooms are the result of an excess of nutrients (particularly phosphorus and nitrogen) in waters and higher concentrations of these nutrients in water cause increased growth of algae and green plants.
Halophiles, methanogens and thermoacidophils are- a)Cyanobacteria
- b)Eubacteria
- c)Actinomycetes
- d)Archaebacteria
Correct answer is 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Halophiles, methanogens and thermoacidophils are
a)
Cyanobacteria
b)
Eubacteria
c)
Actinomycetes
d)
Archaebacteria
|
Lavanya Menon answered |
Methanogens , Halophiles , Thermoacidophils , all belong to ARCHAEBACTERIA. They are primitive organisms which means they were the first to inhabit earth . They are often called LIVING FOSSILS. Methanogens are found in Rumen of cattles , Halophiles are found in salt lakes , Thermoacidophils are found in hot sulphur springs and Archaebacteria are found in some of the harsh climatic conditions where no other life form could survive.
The cell wall of fungi consist of- a)Cellulose
- b)Chitin
- c)Glycopeptides
- d)Starch
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The cell wall of fungi consist of
a)
Cellulose
b)
Chitin
c)
Glycopeptides
d)
Starch
|
Om Desai answered |
- Chitin is a long-chain N-acetylglucosamine polymer and is a glucose derivative.
- This polysaccharide is a primary component of cell walls in the fungi, arthropod exoskeletons such as crustaceans and insects, mollusc's radula, cephalopod beaks, and fish.
- The cell wall of plants are made up of cellulose.
The asexual reproduction in fungi takes place by- a)endospore
- b)gametangia
- c)exospores
- d)conidiospore
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The asexual reproduction in fungi takes place by
a)
endospore
b)
gametangia
c)
exospores
d)
conidiospore
|
Prisha Bajaj answered |
Asexual Reproduction in Fungi by Conidiophores:
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only. Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually. Asexual reproduction in fungi takes place through conidiophores.
Conidiophores:
Conidiophores are specialized structures that produce conidia or conidiospores. These are asexually produced spores that develop on the surface of the conidiophore. Conidiophores are produced by many different types of fungi, including both molds and yeasts.
How Conidiophores work:
Conidiophores are produced by the mycelium of the fungus. They are typically found in clusters, and can grow to be several millimeters in length. The conidiophore is composed of several cells, including a basal cell, a stalk cell, and a terminal cell. The terminal cell is where the conidia are produced.
The conidia are formed by a process called conidiation. This process involves the development of a small bud on the surface of the terminal cell. As the bud grows, it becomes surrounded by a protective layer of cells, which eventually break apart to release the conidiospore.
Advantages of Asexual Reproduction:
Asexual reproduction has several advantages for fungi. First, it allows for rapid reproduction, since no mating is required. This is particularly important in environments where conditions are favorable for growth, but may not be stable over a long period of time.
Second, asexual reproduction allows for the production of large numbers of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. This can be advantageous in environments where the parent organism is well adapted to the local conditions, since the offspring will also be well adapted.
Third, asexual reproduction allows for the spread of fungi over long distances, since the conidia can be carried by wind or other means.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the asexual reproduction in fungi takes place by conidiophores. These specialized structures produce conidia or conidiospores, which are asexually produced spores that develop on the surface of the conidiophore. This type of reproduction has several advantages for fungi, including rapid reproduction, large numbers of offspring, and the ability to spread over long distances.
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only. Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually. Asexual reproduction in fungi takes place through conidiophores.
Conidiophores:
Conidiophores are specialized structures that produce conidia or conidiospores. These are asexually produced spores that develop on the surface of the conidiophore. Conidiophores are produced by many different types of fungi, including both molds and yeasts.
How Conidiophores work:
Conidiophores are produced by the mycelium of the fungus. They are typically found in clusters, and can grow to be several millimeters in length. The conidiophore is composed of several cells, including a basal cell, a stalk cell, and a terminal cell. The terminal cell is where the conidia are produced.
The conidia are formed by a process called conidiation. This process involves the development of a small bud on the surface of the terminal cell. As the bud grows, it becomes surrounded by a protective layer of cells, which eventually break apart to release the conidiospore.
Advantages of Asexual Reproduction:
Asexual reproduction has several advantages for fungi. First, it allows for rapid reproduction, since no mating is required. This is particularly important in environments where conditions are favorable for growth, but may not be stable over a long period of time.
Second, asexual reproduction allows for the production of large numbers of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. This can be advantageous in environments where the parent organism is well adapted to the local conditions, since the offspring will also be well adapted.
Third, asexual reproduction allows for the spread of fungi over long distances, since the conidia can be carried by wind or other means.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the asexual reproduction in fungi takes place by conidiophores. These specialized structures produce conidia or conidiospores, which are asexually produced spores that develop on the surface of the conidiophore. This type of reproduction has several advantages for fungi, including rapid reproduction, large numbers of offspring, and the ability to spread over long distances.
Photosynthetic prokaryotic organism is:-- a)Rhizobium
- b)Nostoc
- c)Pseudomonas
- d)Staphylococcus
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Photosynthetic prokaryotic organism is:-
a)
Rhizobium
b)
Nostoc
c)
Pseudomonas
d)
Staphylococcus
|
|
Raghav Bansal answered |
Nostoc, is genus of blue-green algae with cells arranged in beadlike chains that are grouped together in a gelatinous mass. Like most blue-green algae,Nostoc contains two pigments, blue phycocyanin and red phycoerythrin, as well as chlorophyll, and has the ability to fix nitrogen in specialized cells called heterocysts. This makes them photosynthetic.
Classification based on comparative cytological studies, number of chromosome and behaviour of chromosome is called- a)Numerical taxonomy
- b)Cytotaxonomy
- c)Chemotaxonomy
- d)Artificial taxonomy
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Classification based on comparative cytological studies, number of chromosome and behaviour of chromosome is called
a)
Numerical taxonomy
b)
Cytotaxonomy
c)
Chemotaxonomy
d)
Artificial taxonomy
|
Naina Sharma answered |
Cytotaxonomy is the classification on the basis of comparative cytological studies, number of chromosomes and behavior of chromosomes.
Most common method of reproduction in prokaryotes :-
- a) Budding
- b) Binary fission
- c) Transduction
- d) Conjugation
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Most common method of reproduction in prokaryotes :-
a)
Buddingb)
Binary fissionc)
Transductiond)
Conjugation
|
Sushil Kumar answered |
Binary fission ("division in half") is a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes such as bacteria. It occurs in some single-celled Eukaryotes like the Amoeba and the Paramoecium. In binary fission, DNA replication and segregation occur simultaneously.
The literal meaning of virus is a:
- a)Poison
- b)Venome
- c)Secretion
- d)Both A and B
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The literal meaning of virus is a:
a)
Poison
b)
Venome
c)
Secretion
d)
Both A and B
|
|
Sethulakshmi E.d Dinesan answered |
Virus means VENOM or POISONOUS FLUID.(11th ncert page no 26.3rd line)
Which system of classification was developed during Linnaeus time?- a)Five kingdom of classification
- b)Three kingdom of classification
- c)Four kingdom of classificaition
- d)Two kingdom of classification
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which system of classification was developed during Linnaeus time?
a)
Five kingdom of classification
b)
Three kingdom of classification
c)
Four kingdom of classificaition
d)
Two kingdom of classification
|
Dipika Das answered |
In Linnaeus' time a TwoKingdomsystem of classification with Plantaeand Animaliakingdoms was developed that included all plants and animals respectively. This system was used till very recently.
Asexual spores in Ascomycetes are called as _______- a)Ascospores
- b)Conidia
- c)Sporangiospores
- d)Aeciospores
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Asexual spores in Ascomycetes are called as _______
a)
Ascospores
b)
Conidia
c)
Sporangiospores
d)
Aeciospores
|
|
Jaspreet answered |
Conidia is a sexual spores in ascomycetes which are produced exogenously on conidiophores :)
HIV attack :-- a)Epithelial cell
- b)Sex cell germinal cells
- c)B - lymphocytes
- d)T4 - lymphocytes
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
HIV attack :-
a)
Epithelial cell
b)
Sex cell germinal cells
c)
B - lymphocytes
d)
T4 - lymphocytes
|
|
Hitakshi Tamta answered |
HIV attack and destroy T4 - lymphocytes also known as CD4 cells, are white blood cells that fight infection and play an important role in your immune system. If too many CD4 cells are lost, your immune system will have trouble fighting off infections. Even a minor infection such as cold can be much more severe because the body has difficulty responding to new infections.
The primitive prokaryotes responsible for the production of biogas from the dung of ruminant animals, include the - a)thermoacidophiles
- b)methanogens
- c)eubacteria
- d)halophiles
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The primitive prokaryotes responsible for the production of biogas from the dung of ruminant animals, include the
a)
thermoacidophiles
b)
methanogens
c)
eubacteria
d)
halophiles
|
|
Mulinti Omkr answered |
Thermoacidophiles are the bacteria that survives in hot springs because of branched chain lipids in the cell membranes
the primitive prokaryotes responsible for the production of biogas from the dung of ruminant animals include the methanogens
halophiles are the bacteria that can live in the saline habitats
the primitive prokaryotes responsible for the production of biogas from the dung of ruminant animals include the methanogens
halophiles are the bacteria that can live in the saline habitats
Mumps are caused by :-- a)Bacteria
- b)Virus
- c)Rhizopus
- d)Animals
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Mumps are caused by :-
a)
Bacteria
b)
Virus
c)
Rhizopus
d)
Animals
|
|
Rajeev Saxena answered |
Mumps
is a contagious disease
caused by a virus that passes from one person to another through saliva, nasal secretions, and close personal contact. The condition primarily affects the salivary glands, also called the parotid glands. These glands are responsible for producing saliva.
Arranging organism on the basis of their shared similar or derived characters that differ from ancestral character is calleda)Homogramb)Monogramc)Histogramd)CladogramCorrect answer is 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
|
|
Rajat Kapoor answered |
Arranging organisms on the basis of their shared similar or derived characters that differ from ancestral characters, will produce a phylogenetic tree called cladogram. Depending upon the type of system of classification, organisms are classified into two kingdoms or three kingdoms, four kingdoms, five kingdoms and now into six kingdoms.
Coenocytic means _______- a)sharing of common cytoplasm
- b)removal of plasma membrane
- c)sharing of common nucleus
- d)sharing of common hyphael wall
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Coenocytic means _______
a)
sharing of common cytoplasm
b)
removal of plasma membrane
c)
sharing of common nucleus
d)
sharing of common hyphael wall
|
|
Srestha Bose answered |
Coenocytic means sharing of common cytoplasm. This term is commonly used to describe a type of cell or organism that does not have distinct cell boundaries or compartments. Instead, coenocytic cells contain multiple nuclei within a single, continuous cytoplasmic mass.
Explanation:
Coenocytic cells are typically found in fungi, algae, and some types of plants. In these organisms, individual cells may fuse together during development to form a single, multinucleate cell. This single cell may then develop into a larger structure or organism, such as a fungus or alga.
Some key characteristics of coenocytic cells include:
- Lack of cell walls: Coenocytic cells do not have distinct cell walls separating them from neighboring cells. Instead, they are connected by a network of cytoplasmic strands.
- Multiple nuclei: Because coenocytic cells contain multiple nuclei within a single cytoplasmic mass, they are often referred to as multinucleate.
- Large size: Without the constraints of cell walls, coenocytic cells can grow to very large sizes. Some fungi, for example, can form structures that are many meters in length.
Overall, the term "coenocytic" refers to a unique type of cell organization that is characterized by the sharing of cytoplasmic material between multiple nuclei.
Explanation:
Coenocytic cells are typically found in fungi, algae, and some types of plants. In these organisms, individual cells may fuse together during development to form a single, multinucleate cell. This single cell may then develop into a larger structure or organism, such as a fungus or alga.
Some key characteristics of coenocytic cells include:
- Lack of cell walls: Coenocytic cells do not have distinct cell walls separating them from neighboring cells. Instead, they are connected by a network of cytoplasmic strands.
- Multiple nuclei: Because coenocytic cells contain multiple nuclei within a single cytoplasmic mass, they are often referred to as multinucleate.
- Large size: Without the constraints of cell walls, coenocytic cells can grow to very large sizes. Some fungi, for example, can form structures that are many meters in length.
Overall, the term "coenocytic" refers to a unique type of cell organization that is characterized by the sharing of cytoplasmic material between multiple nuclei.
TMV contains :-a. Single stranded RNAb. ds-RNAc. ds-DNAd. ss-DNACorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
|
|
Rajeev Saxena answered |
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus, genus tobamovirus that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. The infection causes characteristic patterns, such as "mosaic"-like mottling and discoloration on the leaves (hence the name).
Rhizopus belongs to _________- a)Phycomycetes
- b)Ascomycetes
- c)Basidiomycetes
- d)Deuteromycetes
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Rhizopus belongs to _________
a)
Phycomycetes
b)
Ascomycetes
c)
Basidiomycetes
d)
Deuteromycetes
|
|
Jaspreet answered |
Rhizopus belongs to Phycomycetes :)
The protein coat of the virus is called :-- a)Capsule
- b)Pellicle
- c)Capsid
- d)Prion
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The protein coat of the virus is called :-
a)
Capsule
b)
Pellicle
c)
Capsid
d)
Prion
|
|
Anjali Iyer answered |
A capsid is the protein shell of a virus. It consists of several oligomeric structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or may not correspond to individual proteins, are called capsomeres. The capsid encloses the genetic material of the virus.
A distinction between unicellular and multicellular is not possible in case of- a)Algae
- b)Plantae
- c)Protozoa
- d)Animalia
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
A distinction between unicellular and multicellular is not possible in case of
a)
Algae
b)
Plantae
c)
Protozoa
d)
Animalia
|
Preeti Iyer answered |
Algae may be unicellular as well as multicellular, primitive algae are unicellular and red and green algae are multicellular having length of several meter.
The organism that completely lack a cell wall and are smallest living cell known that can survive without oxygen is- a)Virus
- b)Bacteriophages
- c)Yeast
- d)Mycoplasma
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The organism that completely lack a cell wall and are smallest living cell known that can survive without oxygen is
a)
Virus
b)
Bacteriophages
c)
Yeast
d)
Mycoplasma
|
Rajesh Datta answered |
Mycoplasma are the smallest living cells known and can survive without oxygen.
Non-motile spores in Phycomycetes are called as _____- a)Phycospores
- b)Zoospores
- c)Aplanospores
- d)Zygospores
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Non-motile spores in Phycomycetes are called as _____
a)
Phycospores
b)
Zoospores
c)
Aplanospores
d)
Zygospores
|
Prahlad Pai answered |
Non motile spore in phycomycetes is aplanospores
Which of the following is incorrect about Cyanobacteria?
- a)They are photoautotrophs
- b)They lack heterocysts
- c)They often form blooms in polluted water bodies
- d)They have chlorophyll similar to green plants
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is incorrect about Cyanobacteria?
a)
They are photoautotrophs
b)
They lack heterocysts
c)
They often form blooms in polluted water bodies
d)
They have chlorophyll similar to green plants
|
Lead Academy answered |
Cyanobacteria are indeed photoautotrophs, meaning they can perform photosynthesis to produce their own food using light energy.
While some Cyanobacteria lack heterocysts, others have specialized cells called heterocysts that are involved in nitrogen fixation.
Cyanobacteria often form blooms in polluted water bodies. These blooms can occur when excess nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen are present, leading to rapid Cyanobacteria growth.
Cyanobacteria have chlorophyll, like green plants, but it is not precisely the same as the chlorophyll found in green plants. They have chlorophyll a, which is similar to the chlorophyll found in higher plants, but they also have other pigments, such as phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, which can give them a bluish-green or red color.
So, the statement that Cyanobacteria have chlorophyll similar to green plants is incorrect because their chlorophyll is similar but not identical.
Bacteria reproduce by ___________- a)Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
- b)Asexual reproduction
- c)Spores
- d)Sexual reproduction
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Bacteria reproduce by ___________
a)
Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
b)
Asexual reproduction
c)
Spores
d)
Sexual reproduction
|
Nipuns Institute answered |
- Bacteria reproduce either by asexual reproduction or sometimes adopt sexual mode of reproduction.
- In sexual reproduction they mainly adopt conjugation in which DNA transfer takes place from one bacterium to other.
- In asexual reproduction they undergo binary fission.
Which of the following pairs include photosynthetic and saprophytic organisms respectively?- a)Monocot and dicot
- b)Algae and fungi
- c)Mosses and ferns
- d)Ferns and gymnosperms
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following pairs include photosynthetic and saprophytic organisms respectively?
a)
Monocot and dicot
b)
Algae and fungi
c)
Mosses and ferns
d)
Ferns and gymnosperms
|
Ciel Knowledge answered |
Correct option is B.
- Photosynthetic organisms, also known as photoautotrophs, are organisms that are capable of photosynthesis. Some of these organisms include higher plants, some protists (algae and euglena), and cyanobacteria.
- A saprophytic organism is also referred to as a saprotroph, is any organism that feeds and grows on dead organisms. Such as fungi.
Which one is not a member of kingdom Protista?- a)Slime molds
- b)Euglenoids
- c)Phycomycetes
- d)Protozoa
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one is not a member of kingdom Protista?
a)
Slime molds
b)
Euglenoids
c)
Phycomycetes
d)
Protozoa
|
Rajat Roy answered |
Kingdom Protista includes unicellular, eukaryotic organisms only. Phycomycetes is a subdivision of fungus which are multicellular. Protozoa, slime molds and euglenoids are part of kingdom Protista.
Interferons are synthesized in response to[CBSE-2001]- a)Mycoplasma
- b)Bacteria
- c)Viruses
- d)Fungi
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Interferons are synthesized in response to
[CBSE-2001]
a)
Mycoplasma
b)
Bacteria
c)
Viruses
d)
Fungi
|
|
Pragati Pillai answered |
**Interferons and their synthesis in response to viruses**
**Introduction:**
Interferons are a group of small proteins that play a crucial role in the immune response against viral infections. They are synthesized and released by host cells in response to viral invasion. Interferons act as signaling molecules, allowing cells to communicate with each other and coordinate their antiviral defenses.
**Synthesis of Interferons:**
Interferons are synthesized in response to viral infections by infected host cells. The synthesis of interferons is triggered by the detection of viral components or the activation of specific cellular pathways involved in antiviral defense.
**Viral Infections and Interferon Synthesis:**
When a virus infects a host cell, it releases its genetic material (either DNA or RNA) into the host cell. The viral genetic material is recognized by specific cellular sensors called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are present in the host cell cytoplasm or on the cell surface.
**Activation of Cellular Pathways:**
The recognition of viral genetic material by PRRs activates specific cellular pathways, such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway or the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) pathway. These pathways lead to the activation of transcription factors, such as interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).
**Transcription and Translation of Interferons:**
The activated transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences in the promoter regions of interferon genes, leading to their transcription. The transcribed interferon mRNA is then translated into interferon protein in the cytoplasm.
**Release and Action of Interferons:**
Once synthesized, interferons are released by the infected host cell and bind to specific receptors on neighboring cells. This binding activates a signaling cascade within the recipient cells, leading to the induction of antiviral defense mechanisms. These mechanisms include the upregulation of genes involved in the inhibition of viral replication and the activation of immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, to eliminate virus-infected cells.
**Conclusion:**
In summary, interferons are synthesized in response to viral infections. The detection of viral genetic material by cellular sensors triggers specific cellular pathways, leading to the synthesis and release of interferons. These interferons then act as signaling molecules, coordinating the immune response against viral infections.
**Introduction:**
Interferons are a group of small proteins that play a crucial role in the immune response against viral infections. They are synthesized and released by host cells in response to viral invasion. Interferons act as signaling molecules, allowing cells to communicate with each other and coordinate their antiviral defenses.
**Synthesis of Interferons:**
Interferons are synthesized in response to viral infections by infected host cells. The synthesis of interferons is triggered by the detection of viral components or the activation of specific cellular pathways involved in antiviral defense.
**Viral Infections and Interferon Synthesis:**
When a virus infects a host cell, it releases its genetic material (either DNA or RNA) into the host cell. The viral genetic material is recognized by specific cellular sensors called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are present in the host cell cytoplasm or on the cell surface.
**Activation of Cellular Pathways:**
The recognition of viral genetic material by PRRs activates specific cellular pathways, such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway or the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) pathway. These pathways lead to the activation of transcription factors, such as interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).
**Transcription and Translation of Interferons:**
The activated transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences in the promoter regions of interferon genes, leading to their transcription. The transcribed interferon mRNA is then translated into interferon protein in the cytoplasm.
**Release and Action of Interferons:**
Once synthesized, interferons are released by the infected host cell and bind to specific receptors on neighboring cells. This binding activates a signaling cascade within the recipient cells, leading to the induction of antiviral defense mechanisms. These mechanisms include the upregulation of genes involved in the inhibition of viral replication and the activation of immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, to eliminate virus-infected cells.
**Conclusion:**
In summary, interferons are synthesized in response to viral infections. The detection of viral genetic material by cellular sensors triggers specific cellular pathways, leading to the synthesis and release of interferons. These interferons then act as signaling molecules, coordinating the immune response against viral infections.
Which scientist demonstrated that viruses could be crystallized and that these crystals consisted largely of proteins?- a) Dmitri Ivanowsky
- b) M.W. Beijerinek
- c) W.M. Stanley
- d) Louis Pasteur
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which scientist demonstrated that viruses could be crystallized and that these crystals consisted largely of proteins?
a)
Dmitri Ivanowsky
b)
M.W. Beijerinek
c)
W.M. Stanley
d)
Louis Pasteur
|
|
Ciel Knowledge answered |
W.M. Stanley demonstrated that viruses could be crystallized, with these crystals primarily consisting of proteins. This groundbreaking discovery provided insights into the structural composition of viruses and their behavior outside their specific host cells. Stanley's work significantly contributed to the understanding of viruses as obligate parasites and highlighted the importance of their proteinaceous nature in their biological activities.
Which of the following is incorrect about Cyanobacteria?- a)They are photoautotrophs.
- b)They lack heterocysts.
- c)They often form blooms in polluted water bodies.
- d)They have chlorophyll A similar to green plants.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is incorrect about Cyanobacteria?
a)
They are photoautotrophs.
b)
They lack heterocysts.
c)
They often form blooms in polluted water bodies.
d)
They have chlorophyll A similar to green plants.
|
|
Jaideep Choudhury answered |
Cyanobacteria and Heterocysts
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a group of prokaryotic organisms that are found in various aquatic and terrestrial environments. They are photosynthetic and use sunlight to produce energy and organic compounds.
Heterocysts are specialized cells that some cyanobacteria have. They are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by the cell. Heterocysts are important for cyanobacteria because, unlike other organisms, they cannot take up nitrogen from the soil. Therefore, they need to be able to produce their own nitrogen.
The incorrect statement about cyanobacteria is option B, which states that they lack heterocysts. In fact, some cyanobacteria do have heterocysts, which are specialized cells that are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. However, not all cyanobacteria have heterocysts.
Therefore, the correct statement about cyanobacteria is:
- They are photoautotrophs, meaning they use sunlight to produce energy and organic compounds.
- They often form blooms in polluted water bodies, which can be harmful to other organisms in the ecosystem.
- They have chlorophyll A similar to green plants, which allows them to capture sunlight for photosynthesis.
- Some cyanobacteria have heterocysts, specialized cells that are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a group of prokaryotic organisms that are found in various aquatic and terrestrial environments. They are photosynthetic and use sunlight to produce energy and organic compounds.
Heterocysts are specialized cells that some cyanobacteria have. They are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by the cell. Heterocysts are important for cyanobacteria because, unlike other organisms, they cannot take up nitrogen from the soil. Therefore, they need to be able to produce their own nitrogen.
The incorrect statement about cyanobacteria is option B, which states that they lack heterocysts. In fact, some cyanobacteria do have heterocysts, which are specialized cells that are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. However, not all cyanobacteria have heterocysts.
Therefore, the correct statement about cyanobacteria is:
- They are photoautotrophs, meaning they use sunlight to produce energy and organic compounds.
- They often form blooms in polluted water bodies, which can be harmful to other organisms in the ecosystem.
- They have chlorophyll A similar to green plants, which allows them to capture sunlight for photosynthesis.
- Some cyanobacteria have heterocysts, specialized cells that are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Which of the following is the only group of organisms capable of using inorganic compounds as source of energy :–- a)Eucaryotes
- b)Procaryotes
- c)Both the above
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is the only group of organisms capable of using inorganic compounds as source of energy :–
a)
Eucaryotes
b)
Procaryotes
c)
Both the above
d)
None of the above
|
|
Nandini Patel answered |
On the basis of their energy source, organisms are classified as organotrophic and lithotrophs. Most prokaryotes and all non-phototrophic eukaryotes use organic compounds as their energy source and thus, are referred to as organotrophs. They oxidise organic compounds during cellular respiration and the produced oxygen as a byproduct. But some Cyanobacteria and Archaea use inorganic compounds as an electron donor in electron transport chain and are referred to as lithotrophs, none of the eukaryotes falls in this category. Virus act as non-living outside the cell. It becomes active when it enters the host cell and derives the cellular protein from the host.
Bacteriophage is similar to a fungus & bacterium in having :-- a)RNA as the genetic material
- b)DNA as the genetic material
- c)Cell wall
- d)Similar in reproduction
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Bacteriophage is similar to a fungus & bacterium in having :-
a)
RNA as the genetic material
b)
DNA as the genetic material
c)
Cell wall
d)
Similar in reproduction
|
|
Hyteller answered |
DNA as genetic material, that's the only common thing we can spot among bacteriophage, fungi as well as bacteria
Which among the following are incorrect about Phycomycetes?- a)Phycomycetes are aseptate fungi and are coenocytic
- b)Phycomycetes are also called as algal fungi
- c)Zygospores are formed due to isogamous fertilization and zoospores are formed due to anisogamous fertilization
- d)Phycomycetes are also called as conjugation fungi
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which among the following are incorrect about Phycomycetes?
a)
Phycomycetes are aseptate fungi and are coenocytic
b)
Phycomycetes are also called as algal fungi
c)
Zygospores are formed due to isogamous fertilization and zoospores are formed due to anisogamous fertilization
d)
Phycomycetes are also called as conjugation fungi
|
|
Geetika Shah answered |
Zygospores are formed either due to isogamous or anisogamous fertilization. Zoospores and aplanospores are motile and non-motile spores produced due to asexual mode respectively. Phycomycetes are aseptate fungi and are coenocytic. Phycomycetes are also called as algal fungi or conjugation fungi.
Who divided animals into two group based on the presence and absence of red blood cells?- a)Aristotle
- b)Whittaker
- c)Linnaeus
- d)Pasteur
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Who divided animals into two group based on the presence and absence of red blood cells?
a)
Aristotle
b)
Whittaker
c)
Linnaeus
d)
Pasteur
|
Priyanka Iyer answered |
Aristotle used simple morphological characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs. He also divided animals into two groups, those which had red blood and those that did not.
Which of the following organisms can be found in extreme saline conditions?- a)Eubacteria
- b)Archaebacteria
- c)Cyanobacteria
- d)Mycobacteria
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following organisms can be found in extreme saline conditions?
a)
Eubacteria
b)
Archaebacteria
c)
Cyanobacteria
d)
Mycobacteria
|
|
Megha Kulkarni answered |
Extreme Saline Conditions and Organisms
Extreme saline conditions refer to environments that have high levels of salt concentration, such as salt pans, salt lakes, and salt marshes. These environments pose significant challenges for most organisms due to the osmotic stress caused by the high salt concentration. However, some organisms have adapted to these extreme conditions and can thrive in saline habitats. One group of organisms that is well-suited to extreme saline conditions is the Archaebacteria.
Archaebacteria and Extreme Saline Conditions
Archaebacteria, also known as Archaea, are a group of single-celled microorganisms that are distinct from both eubacteria and eukaryotes. They are known for their ability to inhabit extreme environments, including high-temperature areas, acidic environments, and saline habitats. Archaebacteria that can be found in extreme saline conditions belong to the halophile category.
Adaptations of Halophilic Archaebacteria
Halophilic Archaebacteria have several adaptations that allow them to survive in extreme saline conditions:
1. Compatible Solutes: Halophiles produce or accumulate compatible solutes, such as potassium ions, amino acids, and polyols, to balance the osmotic pressure and prevent water loss. These compatible solutes help maintain the cell's internal water content and protect essential cellular structures.
2. Pigments: Some halophiles produce pigments, such as bacteriorhodopsin, which are involved in energy generation through photosynthesis or light-driven ion pumps. These pigments enable halophiles to utilize light as an additional energy source in saline environments.
3. Cell Membrane Adaptations: The cell membranes of halophiles have unique lipid compositions that help maintain membrane integrity and function in high salt concentrations. These adaptations include increased levels of branched-chain fatty acids and ether-linked lipids.
4. Enzyme Adaptations: Halophilic enzymes have adapted to function in high salt concentrations by having a higher number of acidic amino acids on their surfaces. This allows the enzymes to maintain their structural stability and activity in saline environments.
Conclusion
In conclusion, among the organisms listed, only the Archaebacteria (option B) can be found in extreme saline conditions. Archaebacteria, specifically the halophilic group, have evolved various adaptations to survive in high salt environments, including the production of compatible solutes, unique cell membrane compositions, and specialized enzymes. These adaptations allow halophiles to maintain cellular homeostasis, protect essential cellular structures, and utilize light as an additional energy source.
Extreme saline conditions refer to environments that have high levels of salt concentration, such as salt pans, salt lakes, and salt marshes. These environments pose significant challenges for most organisms due to the osmotic stress caused by the high salt concentration. However, some organisms have adapted to these extreme conditions and can thrive in saline habitats. One group of organisms that is well-suited to extreme saline conditions is the Archaebacteria.
Archaebacteria and Extreme Saline Conditions
Archaebacteria, also known as Archaea, are a group of single-celled microorganisms that are distinct from both eubacteria and eukaryotes. They are known for their ability to inhabit extreme environments, including high-temperature areas, acidic environments, and saline habitats. Archaebacteria that can be found in extreme saline conditions belong to the halophile category.
Adaptations of Halophilic Archaebacteria
Halophilic Archaebacteria have several adaptations that allow them to survive in extreme saline conditions:
1. Compatible Solutes: Halophiles produce or accumulate compatible solutes, such as potassium ions, amino acids, and polyols, to balance the osmotic pressure and prevent water loss. These compatible solutes help maintain the cell's internal water content and protect essential cellular structures.
2. Pigments: Some halophiles produce pigments, such as bacteriorhodopsin, which are involved in energy generation through photosynthesis or light-driven ion pumps. These pigments enable halophiles to utilize light as an additional energy source in saline environments.
3. Cell Membrane Adaptations: The cell membranes of halophiles have unique lipid compositions that help maintain membrane integrity and function in high salt concentrations. These adaptations include increased levels of branched-chain fatty acids and ether-linked lipids.
4. Enzyme Adaptations: Halophilic enzymes have adapted to function in high salt concentrations by having a higher number of acidic amino acids on their surfaces. This allows the enzymes to maintain their structural stability and activity in saline environments.
Conclusion
In conclusion, among the organisms listed, only the Archaebacteria (option B) can be found in extreme saline conditions. Archaebacteria, specifically the halophilic group, have evolved various adaptations to survive in high salt environments, including the production of compatible solutes, unique cell membrane compositions, and specialized enzymes. These adaptations allow halophiles to maintain cellular homeostasis, protect essential cellular structures, and utilize light as an additional energy source.
What is formed by slime molds under suitable conditions?- a)Mycelium
- b)Plasmodium
- c)Fruiting bodies
- d)Spores
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is formed by slime molds under suitable conditions?
a)
Mycelium
b)
Plasmodium
c)
Fruiting bodies
d)
Spores
|
Bs Academy answered |
. Under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation called plasmodium which may grow and spread over several feet. During unfavourable conditions, the plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips. The spores possess true walls. They are extremely resistant and survive for many years, even under adverse conditions. The spores are dispersed by air currents.
All given statements stand true with respect to Lichens, except
- a)Absence of lichens in any area indicates that the area is highly polluted with SO2.
- b)The algal component of lichen is known as mycobiont and the fungal component as phycobiont
- c)Body of lichens is made up of phycobionts only.
- d)Mycobiont partner of lichens is always heterotrophic.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
All given statements stand true with respect to Lichens, except
a)
Absence of lichens in any area indicates that the area is highly polluted with SO2.
b)
The algal component of lichen is known as mycobiont and the fungal component as phycobiont
c)
Body of lichens is made up of phycobionts only.
d)
Mycobiont partner of lichens is always heterotrophic.
|
Top Rankers answered |
(B) The correct answer is B: Mycobiont partner of lichens is always heterotrophic.
Here's the detailed explanation:
- Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of a fungus (mycobiont) and an alga or cyanobacterium (phycobiont).
- The mycobiont is the fungal partner in lichens and is typically heterotrophic, meaning it obtains organic carbon from the environment.
- The phycobiont, which can be an alga or a cyanobacterium, is autotrophic and provides the mycobiont with organic carbon through photosynthesis.
- This mutualistic relationship allows lichens to thrive in diverse environments by combining the strengths of both partners.
Here's the detailed explanation:
- Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of a fungus (mycobiont) and an alga or cyanobacterium (phycobiont).
- The mycobiont is the fungal partner in lichens and is typically heterotrophic, meaning it obtains organic carbon from the environment.
- The phycobiont, which can be an alga or a cyanobacterium, is autotrophic and provides the mycobiont with organic carbon through photosynthesis.
- This mutualistic relationship allows lichens to thrive in diverse environments by combining the strengths of both partners.
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