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Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children. The intelligence of identical twins reared together correlates almost 0.90. Twins separated early in childhood also show considerable similarity in their intellectual, personality and behavioural characteristics. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments correlated 0.72, those of fraternal twins reared together correlated almost 0.60, and those of brothers and sisters reared together correlated about 0.50, while siblings reared apart correlated about 0.25. Another line of evidence comes from the studies of adopted children, which shows that children’s intelligence is more similar to their biological rather than adoptive parents. With respect to the role of the environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s development is actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.Choose the correct option:Q. Children’s intelligence is more closely related to their _____________ parents.- a)biological
- b)adoptive
- c)single
- d)divorced
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:
The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children. The intelligence of identical twins reared together correlates almost 0.90. Twins separated early in childhood also show considerable similarity in their intellectual, personality and behavioural characteristics. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments correlated 0.72, those of fraternal twins reared together correlated almost 0.60, and those of brothers and sisters reared together correlated about 0.50, while siblings reared apart correlated about 0.25. Another line of evidence comes from the studies of adopted children, which shows that children’s intelligence is more similar to their biological rather than adoptive parents. With respect to the role of the environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s development is actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.
Choose the correct option:
Q. Children’s intelligence is more closely related to their _____________ parents.
a)
biological
b)
adoptive
c)
single
d)
divorced
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Biological parents are the natural parents of a child. The father and mother whose DNA a child carries are usually called the child's biological parents. Legal parents have a family relationship to the child by law, but do not need to be related by blood, for example in the case of an adopted child.
IQ test scores represent __________ measures of intelligence. - a)Genotypic
- b)Environmental
- c)Modular
- d)Phenotypic
- e)General
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
IQ test scores represent __________ measures of intelligence.
a)
Genotypic
b)
Environmental
c)
Modular
d)
Phenotypic
e)
General
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
IQ test scores represent phenotypic measures of intelligence. Phenotypic refers to the expression of our genes in behavioural traits that we can measure. Genotypic refers to the DNA we inherited from our parents. Environmental, modular and general are not standard terms used to refer to the genetics of IQ.
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children. The intelligence of identical twins reared together correlates almost 0.90. Twins separated early in childhood also show considerable similarity in their intellectual, personality and behavioural characteristics. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments correlated 0.72, those of fraternal twins reared together correlated almost 0.60, and those of brothers and sisters reared together correlated about 0.50, while siblings reared apart correlated about 0.25. Another line of evidence comes from the studies of adopted children, which shows that children’s intelligence is more similar to their biological rather than adoptive parents. With respect to the role of the environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s development is actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.Choose the correct option:Q. Which of these indicates correlation between the siblings who are reared apart?- a)0.90
- b)0.72
- c)0.50
- d)0.25
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:
The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children. The intelligence of identical twins reared together correlates almost 0.90. Twins separated early in childhood also show considerable similarity in their intellectual, personality and behavioural characteristics. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments correlated 0.72, those of fraternal twins reared together correlated almost 0.60, and those of brothers and sisters reared together correlated about 0.50, while siblings reared apart correlated about 0.25. Another line of evidence comes from the studies of adopted children, which shows that children’s intelligence is more similar to their biological rather than adoptive parents. With respect to the role of the environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s development is actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.
Choose the correct option:
Q. Which of these indicates correlation between the siblings who are reared apart?
a)
0.90
b)
0.72
c)
0.50
d)
0.25
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
0.25 indicates correlation between the siblings who are reared apart
What does the correlation of intelligence between identical twins raised together and siblings raised apart suggest about the role of environment in intelligence development?- a)Environment has no impact on intelligence, as identical twins show a strong correlation in intelligence regardless of their upbringing.
- b)Environment plays a significant role in intelligence development, as the correlation in intelligence decreases from identical twins raised together to siblings raised apart.
- c)The correlation in intelligence is higher in siblings raised apart than in identical twins raised together, indicating that genetics has a stronger influence than environment.
- d)Identical twins and siblings show the same correlation in intelligence, suggesting that neither genetics nor environment plays a significant role.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What does the correlation of intelligence between identical twins raised together and siblings raised apart suggest about the role of environment in intelligence development?
a)
Environment has no impact on intelligence, as identical twins show a strong correlation in intelligence regardless of their upbringing.
b)
Environment plays a significant role in intelligence development, as the correlation in intelligence decreases from identical twins raised together to siblings raised apart.
c)
The correlation in intelligence is higher in siblings raised apart than in identical twins raised together, indicating that genetics has a stronger influence than environment.
d)
Identical twins and siblings show the same correlation in intelligence, suggesting that neither genetics nor environment plays a significant role.
|
Crafty Classes answered |
The text shows that the correlation of intelligence is highest in identical twins raised together and decreases in siblings raised apart. This suggests that while genetics plays a significant role in intelligence, the environment also has a considerable impact.
What explanations have been given to challenge the widely publicized, yet grossly inaccurate, claim that differences in IQ scores between black and white Americans are due to genetic differences in intelligence?- a)Disadvantaged social groups are treated differently
- b)Socio-economic status provides different opportunities
- c)IQ tests are biased against minority groups
- d)(a), (b) and (c)
- e)No one has challenged the race-IQ claims
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
What explanations have been given to challenge the widely publicized, yet grossly inaccurate, claim that differences in IQ scores between black and white Americans are due to genetic differences in intelligence?
a)
Disadvantaged social groups are treated differently
b)
Socio-economic status provides different opportunities
c)
IQ tests are biased against minority groups
d)
(a), (b) and (c)
e)
No one has challenged the race-IQ claims
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
Many researchers and other professionals have challenged the claims of a race-IQ link by emphasizing the environmental influences that can lead to observed differences, which include the disadvantaged status and treatment of minority groups, socio-economic differences and biased IQ tests.
Which model assumes that the savant syndrome represents selective brain damage by which some modules were spared whereas others were not? - a)Sternberg’s triarchic theory
- b)Fluid intelligence
- c)Minimal cognitive architecture
- d)Information-processing
- e)Cognitive components
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which model assumes that the savant syndrome represents selective brain damage by which some modules were spared whereas others were not?
a)
Sternberg’s triarchic theory
b)
Fluid intelligence
c)
Minimal cognitive architecture
d)
Information-processing
e)
Cognitive components
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
Anderson’s minimal cognitive architecture model assumes that the savant syndrome represents selective brain damage in which some modules were spared whereas others were not. The alternative answers all refer to theories or models of normal intelligence.
Assertion (A): Intelligence can be influenced more by situational factors than by individual personality traits.Reason (R): The situationist perspective emphasizes that behavior varies significantly across different contexts, leading to similar responses from individuals with distinct personality traits.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
- c)If Assertion is true but Reason is false
- d)If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A): Intelligence can be influenced more by situational factors than by individual personality traits.
Reason (R): The situationist perspective emphasizes that behavior varies significantly across different contexts, leading to similar responses from individuals with distinct personality traits.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
c)
If Assertion is true but Reason is false
d)
If both Assertion and Reason are false
|
Learning Educators answered |
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
Assertion (A): Intelligence can be influenced more by situational factors than by individual personality traits.
Assertion (A): Intelligence can be influenced more by situational factors than by individual personality traits.
- Intelligence is shaped by both innate factors (such as genetics and personality) and external factors (such as environment, education, and social conditions).
- While situational factors (e.g., access to resources, exposure to learning opportunities) can significantly impact intelligence, it is not universally accepted that they have a greater influence than personality traits.
- However, the statement is plausibly true in many cases.
Reason (R): The situationist perspective emphasizes that behavior varies significantly across different contexts, leading to similar responses from individuals with distinct personality traits.
- The situationist perspective in psychology suggests that behavior is largely shaped by external circumstances rather than stable personality traits.
- While this perspective is valid, it primarily addresses behavior rather than intelligence.
Since both statements are true but Reason does not directly explain the Assertion, option (b) is the best choice.
Assertion (A): Individuals with high emotional intelligence are better equipped to navigate social complexities than those with low emotional intelligence. Reason (R): Emotional intelligence encompasses the ability to understand and manage both one's own emotions and the emotions of others, which is essential for effective communication and relationship management.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
- c)If Assertion is true but Reason is false
- d)If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A): Individuals with high emotional intelligence are better equipped to navigate social complexities than those with low emotional intelligence.
Reason (R): Emotional intelligence encompasses the ability to understand and manage both one's own emotions and the emotions of others, which is essential for effective communication and relationship management.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
c)
If Assertion is true but Reason is false
d)
If both Assertion and Reason are false
|
Harsh Roy answered |
Assertion (A) Analysis
The assertion states that individuals with high emotional intelligence (EI) are more adept at navigating social complexities compared to those with low EI. This is widely supported by research indicating that EI enhances interpersonal skills, conflict resolution, and social awareness.
Reason (R) Analysis
The reason explains that emotional intelligence involves understanding and managing one's own emotions as well as those of others. This ability is crucial for effective communication and building strong relationships, which are essential in social situations.
Connection Between A and R
- Both the assertion and the reason are true.
- The reason directly supports and explains the assertion, as the skills encompassed by emotional intelligence enable individuals to handle social nuances effectively.
Conclusion
Thus, the correct option is "A" because both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason serves as the correct explanation for the assertion. Emotional intelligence fundamentally equips individuals with the tools necessary to thrive in complex social scenarios, reinforcing the relationship between the two statements.
The assertion states that individuals with high emotional intelligence (EI) are more adept at navigating social complexities compared to those with low EI. This is widely supported by research indicating that EI enhances interpersonal skills, conflict resolution, and social awareness.
Reason (R) Analysis
The reason explains that emotional intelligence involves understanding and managing one's own emotions as well as those of others. This ability is crucial for effective communication and building strong relationships, which are essential in social situations.
Connection Between A and R
- Both the assertion and the reason are true.
- The reason directly supports and explains the assertion, as the skills encompassed by emotional intelligence enable individuals to handle social nuances effectively.
Conclusion
Thus, the correct option is "A" because both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason serves as the correct explanation for the assertion. Emotional intelligence fundamentally equips individuals with the tools necessary to thrive in complex social scenarios, reinforcing the relationship between the two statements.
It is generally accepted that there is such a thing as general intelligence. So which of the following statements is true? - a)Some people have general intelligence, others have multiple intelligences.
- b)The only people who do not have general intelligence are those that have IQs less than 100.
- c)General intelligence develops by adulthood.
- d)General intelligence can be thought of as ‘mental energy’ that is applied to all tasks that we attempt.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
It is generally accepted that there is such a thing as general intelligence. So which of the following statements is true?
a)
Some people have general intelligence, others have multiple intelligences.
b)
The only people who do not have general intelligence are those that have IQs less than 100.
c)
General intelligence develops by adulthood.
d)
General intelligence can be thought of as ‘mental energy’ that is applied to all tasks that we attempt.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Spearman’s finding of a general feature that underlies performance in many areas was so radical that it became the hallmark of his work. Spearman likened g to mental energy – a limited resource available to all intellectual tasks. So the idea was that individuals differ in general intelligence because they have different amounts of this mental energy.
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:Triarchic Theory of IntelligenceIn 1985, Robert Sternberg proposed a three category theory of intelligence, integrating components that were lacking in Gardner’s theory. This theory is based on the definition of intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your personal standards and your sociocultural context.According to the triarchic theory, intelligence has three aspects: analytical, creative, and practical aspects (Sternberg, 1985).Analytical intelligence, also referred to as componential intelligence, refers to intelligence that is applied to analyze or evaluate problems and arrive at solutions.Creative intelligence: The ability to go beyond what is given to create novel and interesting ideas. This type of intelligence involves imagination, innovation and problem-solving.Practical intelligence: The ability that individuals use to solve problems faced in daily life and it is when a person finds the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment.Choose the correct option:Q. Which of the following is the theory proposed by Robert Sternberg?- a)He proposed that there is no single intelligence, but rather distinct, independent multiple intelligences that exist.
- b)His theory is based on the definition of intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your personal standards and your sociocultural context.
- c)He proposed that humans progress through four developmental stages
- d)He proposed the theory to study complex human behaviour by studying the voluntary responses shown by an organism when placed in a certain environment.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
In 1985, Robert Sternberg proposed a three category theory of intelligence, integrating components that were lacking in Gardner’s theory. This theory is based on the definition of intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your personal standards and your sociocultural context.
According to the triarchic theory, intelligence has three aspects: analytical, creative, and practical aspects (Sternberg, 1985).
Analytical intelligence, also referred to as componential intelligence, refers to intelligence that is applied to analyze or evaluate problems and arrive at solutions.
Creative intelligence: The ability to go beyond what is given to create novel and interesting ideas. This type of intelligence involves imagination, innovation and problem-solving.
Practical intelligence: The ability that individuals use to solve problems faced in daily life and it is when a person finds the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment.
Choose the correct option:
Q. Which of the following is the theory proposed by Robert Sternberg?
a)
He proposed that there is no single intelligence, but rather distinct, independent multiple intelligences that exist.
b)
His theory is based on the definition of intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your personal standards and your sociocultural context.
c)
He proposed that humans progress through four developmental stages
d)
He proposed the theory to study complex human behaviour by studying the voluntary responses shown by an organism when placed in a certain environment.
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
The name of this theory of Robert Sternberg is the Triarchic Theory.
According to Sternberg (1985a), the triarchic theory seeks to understand human intelligence in terms of three subtheories: a contextual subtheory that related intelligence to the external world of the individual; a componential subtheory that related intelligence to the internal world of the individual; and an experiential subtheory that applies to both the internal and external environments.
Galton introduced the idea of correlation (or co-relation) and showed which of the following to be true?- a)A correlation of −1 indicates that there is no relationship between the two variables being considered.
- b)Correlations should only be used with variables that are normally distributed.
- c)If variable A (e.g. height) shows a correlation with variable B (e.g. weight) of +1.0, then we know that A caused B.
- d)IQ was correlated with job performance.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Galton introduced the idea of correlation (or co-relation) and showed which of the following to be true?
a)
A correlation of −1 indicates that there is no relationship between the two variables being considered.
b)
Correlations should only be used with variables that are normally distributed.
c)
If variable A (e.g. height) shows a correlation with variable B (e.g. weight) of +1.0, then we know that A caused B.
d)
IQ was correlated with job performance.
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Together, the notions of normal distribution and correlation allow us to consider how our abilities vary in relation to each other and in relation to the abilities of others in the population, and hence how well we can use scores on one variable to predict scores on another.
Binet was the first psychologist to specify that intelligence tests must be:
- Administered and scored in a careful and standardized manner if comparisons between children’s performance are to be valid and reliable.
- Presented in the same order to all children and in order of increasing difficulty so that each child can pass as many tests as possible.
- Difficult, to ensure that only intelligent people pass them.
- Administered in a one-to-one setting and only where the examiner has first established a friendly rapport with the child.
- a)1, 2, 3
- b)2, 3
- c)1, 2, 4
- d)3, 4
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Binet was the first psychologist to specify that intelligence tests must be:
- Administered and scored in a careful and standardized manner if comparisons between children’s performance are to be valid and reliable.
- Presented in the same order to all children and in order of increasing difficulty so that each child can pass as many tests as possible.
- Difficult, to ensure that only intelligent people pass them.
- Administered in a one-to-one setting and only where the examiner has first established a friendly rapport with the child.
a)
1, 2, 3
b)
2, 3
c)
1, 2, 4
d)
3, 4
|
|
Learning Educators answered |
Binet and his associate Théodore Simon used a range of tasks in their first intelligence tests. These included around 30 items of increasing difficulty, from simple items that even intellectually disabled children were able to complete. More complex tasks included pointing to body parts and defining words such as ‘house’ or ‘wheel’, and tasks that were harder still, such as repeating back strings of digits and constructing sentences involving several specified words.Interestingly, vocabulary and digit recall tasks are still used in our most advanced intelligence tests today.
Binet was also the first psychologist to specify that such tests must be:
Binet was also the first psychologist to specify that such tests must be:
- administered and scored in a careful and standardized manner if comparisons between children’s performance are to be valid and reliable;
- presented in the same order to all children and in order of increasing difficulty so that each child can pass as many tests as possible; and
- administered in a one-to-one setting and only where the examiner has first established a friendly rapport with the child.Psychologists still adhere to these very important principles of testing today.
Which are the most widely used individual tests of intelligence?
- a)Wechsler tests
- b)Stanford-Binet tests
- c)IQ tests
- d)Reaction time tests
- e)Spearman’s g
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which are the most widely used individual tests of intelligence?
a)
Wechsler tests
b)
Stanford-Binet tests
c)
IQ tests
d)
Reaction time tests
e)
Spearman’s g
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
Wechsler tests are the most widely used individual tests of intelligence
.Most Widely Used Individual Tests of Intelligence
- Wechsler Tests: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) are among the most widely used individual tests of intelligence. They assess various cognitive abilities such as verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed.
- Stanford-Binet Tests: The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales are another popular set of individual tests used to measure intelligence. They provide a general intelligence score as well as specific scores for different cognitive abilities.
- IQ Tests: IQ tests, such as the Raven's Progressive Matrices and the Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test, are commonly used to measure intelligence. They often involve tasks related to problem-solving, reasoning, and pattern recognition.
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:Following the work of Thurstone, American psychologist Howard Gardner built off the idea that there are multiple forms of intelligence.He proposed that there is no single intelligence, but rather distinct, independent multiple intelligences exist, each representing unique skills and talents relevant to a certain category.Gardner (1983) initially proposed seven multiple intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal, and he has since added naturalist intelligence.Gardner holds that most activities (such as dancing) will involve a combination of these multiple intelligences (such as spatial and bodily kinesthetic intelligences). He also suggests that these multiple intelligences can help us understand concepts beyond intelligence, such as creativity and leadership.Q. Whom did American psychologist Howard Gardner follow?- a)Sigmund Freud
- b)Jean Piaget
- c)Thurstone
- d)BF Skinner
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:
Following the work of Thurstone, American psychologist Howard Gardner built off the idea that there are multiple forms of intelligence.
He proposed that there is no single intelligence, but rather distinct, independent multiple intelligences exist, each representing unique skills and talents relevant to a certain category.
Gardner (1983) initially proposed seven multiple intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal, and he has since added naturalist intelligence.
Gardner holds that most activities (such as dancing) will involve a combination of these multiple intelligences (such as spatial and bodily kinesthetic intelligences). He also suggests that these multiple intelligences can help us understand concepts beyond intelligence, such as creativity and leadership.
Q. Whom did American psychologist Howard Gardner follow?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
Jean Piaget
c)
Thurstone
d)
BF Skinner
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Gardner was a staunch follower of the theories propounded by Thurstone.
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:Triarchic Theory of IntelligenceIn 1985, Robert Sternberg proposed a three category theory of intelligence, integrating components that were lacking in Gardner’s theory. This theory is based on the definition of intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your personal standards and your sociocultural context.According to the triarchic theory, intelligence has three aspects: analytical, creative, and practical aspects (Sternberg, 1985).Analytical intelligence, also referred to as componential intelligence, refers to intelligence that is applied to analyze or evaluate problems and arrive at solutions.Creative intelligence: The ability to go beyond what is given to create novel and interesting ideas. This type of intelligence involves imagination, innovation and problem-solving.Practical intelligence: The ability that individuals use to solve problems faced in daily life and it is when a person finds the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment.Choose the correct option:Q. Level II operating ability in the hierarchical model of intelligence proposed by Arthur Jensen is also called as- a)Associative Learning
- b)Cognitive Competence
- c)Rote Learning
- d)Rote Learning
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
In 1985, Robert Sternberg proposed a three category theory of intelligence, integrating components that were lacking in Gardner’s theory. This theory is based on the definition of intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your personal standards and your sociocultural context.
According to the triarchic theory, intelligence has three aspects: analytical, creative, and practical aspects (Sternberg, 1985).
Analytical intelligence, also referred to as componential intelligence, refers to intelligence that is applied to analyze or evaluate problems and arrive at solutions.
Creative intelligence: The ability to go beyond what is given to create novel and interesting ideas. This type of intelligence involves imagination, innovation and problem-solving.
Practical intelligence: The ability that individuals use to solve problems faced in daily life and it is when a person finds the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment.
Choose the correct option:
Q. Level II operating ability in the hierarchical model of intelligence proposed by Arthur Jensen is also called as
a)
Associative Learning
b)
Cognitive Competence
c)
Rote Learning
d)
Rote Learning
|
|
Nilesh Chakraborty answered |
Understanding Level II Operating Ability
Level II operating ability, as proposed by Arthur Jensen in his hierarchical model of intelligence, is characterized as cognitive competence. This level is a step above basic associative learning and serves as a foundation for more complex cognitive processes.
Key Aspects of Level II Operating Ability:
- Definition: Cognitive competence involves the ability to understand, analyze, and apply knowledge effectively. It reflects an individual's capacity to solve problems and make decisions based on reasoning and critical thinking.
- Contrast with Other Options:
- *Associative Learning:* This is more about forming connections between stimuli and responses, not necessarily involving higher-level cognitive processes.
- *Rote Learning:* This approach focuses on memorization without understanding, which does not align with the analytical nature of cognitive competence.
- Importance in Intelligence:
- Cognitive competence is crucial for academic success and practical applications in everyday life. It enables individuals to engage in complex reasoning, thereby enhancing problem-solving abilities.
Conclusion:
In summary, option 'B' (Cognitive Competence) accurately describes Level II operating ability in Jensen's hierarchical model of intelligence. This concept emphasizes the importance of analytical skills and higher-order thinking, which are essential for navigating both academic challenges and real-world situations effectively.
Level II operating ability, as proposed by Arthur Jensen in his hierarchical model of intelligence, is characterized as cognitive competence. This level is a step above basic associative learning and serves as a foundation for more complex cognitive processes.
Key Aspects of Level II Operating Ability:
- Definition: Cognitive competence involves the ability to understand, analyze, and apply knowledge effectively. It reflects an individual's capacity to solve problems and make decisions based on reasoning and critical thinking.
- Contrast with Other Options:
- *Associative Learning:* This is more about forming connections between stimuli and responses, not necessarily involving higher-level cognitive processes.
- *Rote Learning:* This approach focuses on memorization without understanding, which does not align with the analytical nature of cognitive competence.
- Importance in Intelligence:
- Cognitive competence is crucial for academic success and practical applications in everyday life. It enables individuals to engage in complex reasoning, thereby enhancing problem-solving abilities.
Conclusion:
In summary, option 'B' (Cognitive Competence) accurately describes Level II operating ability in Jensen's hierarchical model of intelligence. This concept emphasizes the importance of analytical skills and higher-order thinking, which are essential for navigating both academic challenges and real-world situations effectively.
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:Triarchic Theory of IntelligenceIn 1985, Robert Sternberg proposed a three category theory of intelligence, integrating components that were lacking in Gardner’s theory. This theory is based on the definition of intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your personal standards and your sociocultural context.According to the triarchic theory, intelligence has three aspects: analytical, creative, and practical aspects (Sternberg, 1985).Analytical intelligence, also referred to as componential intelligence, refers to intelligence that is applied to analyze or evaluate problems and arrive at solutions.Creative intelligence: The ability to go beyond what is given to create novel and interesting ideas. This type of intelligence involves imagination, innovation and problem-solving.Practical intelligence: The ability that individuals use to solve problems faced in daily life and it is when a person finds the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment.Choose the correct option:Q. According to Sternberg, intelligence involves:- a)the ability to adapt to the environment
- b)mechanical abilities
- c)musical abilities
- d)being obedient and respectful to others
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
In 1985, Robert Sternberg proposed a three category theory of intelligence, integrating components that were lacking in Gardner’s theory. This theory is based on the definition of intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your personal standards and your sociocultural context.
According to the triarchic theory, intelligence has three aspects: analytical, creative, and practical aspects (Sternberg, 1985).
Analytical intelligence, also referred to as componential intelligence, refers to intelligence that is applied to analyze or evaluate problems and arrive at solutions.
Creative intelligence: The ability to go beyond what is given to create novel and interesting ideas. This type of intelligence involves imagination, innovation and problem-solving.
Practical intelligence: The ability that individuals use to solve problems faced in daily life and it is when a person finds the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment.
Choose the correct option:
Q. According to Sternberg, intelligence involves:
a)
the ability to adapt to the environment
b)
mechanical abilities
c)
musical abilities
d)
being obedient and respectful to others
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Rajat Iyer answered |
Explanation:
According to Sternberg, intelligence involves:
- the ability to adapt to the environment: Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence emphasizes the importance of practical intelligence, which involves the ability to adapt to the environment and solve problems faced in daily life. This aspect of intelligence is crucial for individuals to navigate and succeed in various real-world situations by finding the best fit between themselves and the demands of their environment.
Therefore, when asked about what intelligence involves according to Sternberg, the correct answer is option 'A' - the ability to adapt to the environment. This aligns with Sternberg's emphasis on practical intelligence as one of the three aspects of intelligence in his triarchic theory.
According to Sternberg, intelligence involves:
- the ability to adapt to the environment: Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence emphasizes the importance of practical intelligence, which involves the ability to adapt to the environment and solve problems faced in daily life. This aspect of intelligence is crucial for individuals to navigate and succeed in various real-world situations by finding the best fit between themselves and the demands of their environment.
Therefore, when asked about what intelligence involves according to Sternberg, the correct answer is option 'A' - the ability to adapt to the environment. This aligns with Sternberg's emphasis on practical intelligence as one of the three aspects of intelligence in his triarchic theory.
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the implications of intellectual giftedness as described in the text?- a)Gifted individuals are primarily characterized by their superior memory and verbal abilities, which are the only indicators of their exceptional potential.
- b)Giftedness is solely determined by an individual's IQ score, and those with an IQ of over 130 are considered gifted regardless of their creativity or commitment.
- c)Intellectual giftedness is identified by a combination of high ability, creativity, and commitment, which can manifest in exceptional performance across diverse areas or specific talents.
- d)Individuals with intellectual giftedness are often less motivated and more conformist, preferring group activities over solitary academic pursuits.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the implications of intellectual giftedness as described in the text?
a)
Gifted individuals are primarily characterized by their superior memory and verbal abilities, which are the only indicators of their exceptional potential.
b)
Giftedness is solely determined by an individual's IQ score, and those with an IQ of over 130 are considered gifted regardless of their creativity or commitment.
c)
Intellectual giftedness is identified by a combination of high ability, creativity, and commitment, which can manifest in exceptional performance across diverse areas or specific talents.
d)
Individuals with intellectual giftedness are often less motivated and more conformist, preferring group activities over solitary academic pursuits.
|
|
Isha Kaur answered |
Understanding Intellectual Giftedness
Intellectual giftedness encompasses more than just high IQ scores or superior memory. It is a multifaceted concept that highlights the unique traits and potential of gifted individuals.
Key Components of Giftedness
- High Ability: Gifted individuals typically display advanced cognitive capabilities in various domains, such as mathematics, science, or the arts.
- Creativity: Creativity is a hallmark of giftedness, allowing individuals to think outside the box and generate innovative ideas and solutions.
- Commitment: Dedication to their interests and pursuits is essential. Gifted individuals often invest significant time and effort to develop their talents.
Manifestation of Giftedness
- Exceptional Performance: Giftedness can lead to outstanding achievements in specific areas or a range of disciplines, showcasing their varied talents.
- Diverse Areas of Talent: While some may excel in one field, others may demonstrate exceptional abilities across multiple disciplines, indicating a broad spectrum of potential.
Implications of Option C
- Option C accurately reflects the complexity of intellectual giftedness. It emphasizes that being gifted is not merely about an IQ score but involves a combination of abilities, creativity, and commitment.
- This holistic view acknowledges that gifted individuals can thrive in various ways, reinforcing the idea that their potential extends beyond conventional measures of intelligence.
In summary, recognizing the multidimensional nature of intellectual giftedness allows for a deeper understanding of the unique capabilities and potential of gifted individuals.
Intellectual giftedness encompasses more than just high IQ scores or superior memory. It is a multifaceted concept that highlights the unique traits and potential of gifted individuals.
Key Components of Giftedness
- High Ability: Gifted individuals typically display advanced cognitive capabilities in various domains, such as mathematics, science, or the arts.
- Creativity: Creativity is a hallmark of giftedness, allowing individuals to think outside the box and generate innovative ideas and solutions.
- Commitment: Dedication to their interests and pursuits is essential. Gifted individuals often invest significant time and effort to develop their talents.
Manifestation of Giftedness
- Exceptional Performance: Giftedness can lead to outstanding achievements in specific areas or a range of disciplines, showcasing their varied talents.
- Diverse Areas of Talent: While some may excel in one field, others may demonstrate exceptional abilities across multiple disciplines, indicating a broad spectrum of potential.
Implications of Option C
- Option C accurately reflects the complexity of intellectual giftedness. It emphasizes that being gifted is not merely about an IQ score but involves a combination of abilities, creativity, and commitment.
- This holistic view acknowledges that gifted individuals can thrive in various ways, reinforcing the idea that their potential extends beyond conventional measures of intelligence.
In summary, recognizing the multidimensional nature of intellectual giftedness allows for a deeper understanding of the unique capabilities and potential of gifted individuals.
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:Following the work of Thurstone, American psychologist Howard Gardner built off the idea that there are multiple forms of intelligence.He proposed that there is no single intelligence, but rather distinct, independent multiple intelligences exist, each representing unique skills and talents relevant to a certain category.Gardner (1983) initially proposed seven multiple intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal, and he has since added naturalist intelligence.Gardner holds that most activities (such as dancing) will involve a combination of these multiple intelligences (such as spatial and bodily kinesthetic intelligences). He also suggests that these multiple intelligences can help us understand concepts beyond intelligence, such as creativity and leadership.Q. Sheetal would be much happier in a job where they could move around, such as a recreational leader, a forest ranger, or physical therapist. What is her type of intelligence?- a)Linguistic
- b)Spatial
- c)Bodily Kinesthetic
- d)Logical- Mathematical
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:
Following the work of Thurstone, American psychologist Howard Gardner built off the idea that there are multiple forms of intelligence.
He proposed that there is no single intelligence, but rather distinct, independent multiple intelligences exist, each representing unique skills and talents relevant to a certain category.
Gardner (1983) initially proposed seven multiple intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal, and he has since added naturalist intelligence.
Gardner holds that most activities (such as dancing) will involve a combination of these multiple intelligences (such as spatial and bodily kinesthetic intelligences). He also suggests that these multiple intelligences can help us understand concepts beyond intelligence, such as creativity and leadership.
Q. Sheetal would be much happier in a job where they could move around, such as a recreational leader, a forest ranger, or physical therapist. What is her type of intelligence?
a)
Linguistic
b)
Spatial
c)
Bodily Kinesthetic
d)
Logical- Mathematical
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
The movement loving intelligence is bodily kinesthetic. Bodily kinesthetic intelligence is the capacity to manipulate objects and use a variety of physical skills. This intelligence also involves a sense of timing and the perfection of skills through mind–body union. Athletes, dancers, surgeons, and crafts people exhibit well-developed bodily kinesthetic intelligence.
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence suggests that intelligence is a singular entity that applies universally to all problem-solving situations.
Statement II: Gardner identified eight distinct types of intelligences, such as Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, and Spatial intelligence, among others.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:- a)Both Statement I and Statement II are true
- b)Both Statement I and Statement II are false
- c)Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
- d)Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence suggests that intelligence is a singular entity that applies universally to all problem-solving situations.
Statement II: Gardner identified eight distinct types of intelligences, such as Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, and Spatial intelligence, among others.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Statement I: Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence suggests that intelligence is a singular entity that applies universally to all problem-solving situations.
Statement II: Gardner identified eight distinct types of intelligences, such as Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, and Spatial intelligence, among others.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a)
Both Statement I and Statement II are true
b)
Both Statement I and Statement II are false
c)
Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
d)
Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
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EduRev Humanities answered |
Statement I is false because Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence suggests that intelligence is not a singular entity, but rather that there are distinct types of intelligences that are independent of one another. Statement II is true because Gardner identified eight distinct types of intelligences, including Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, and Spatial intelligence, among others.
Mental retardation is represented by which of the following characteristics?
- a)Low general intelligence
- b)Slow on-line processing
- c)A known organic etiology
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Mental retardation is represented by which of the following characteristics?
a)
Low general intelligence
b)
Slow on-line processing
c)
A known organic etiology
d)
All of the above
|
|
Kiran Mehta answered |
All of the answers given above refer to characteristics associated with mental retardation.
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Aptitude refers to an individual's potential to perform in a specific area and is distinct from interest, which refers to the preference for performing a specific activity.
Statement II: Interest and aptitude are the same, and both terms can be used interchangeably when discussing a person's abilities.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:- a)Both Statement I and Statement II are true
- b)Both Statement I and Statement II are false
- c)Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
- d)Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Aptitude refers to an individual's potential to perform in a specific area and is distinct from interest, which refers to the preference for performing a specific activity.
Statement II: Interest and aptitude are the same, and both terms can be used interchangeably when discussing a person's abilities.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Statement I: Aptitude refers to an individual's potential to perform in a specific area and is distinct from interest, which refers to the preference for performing a specific activity.
Statement II: Interest and aptitude are the same, and both terms can be used interchangeably when discussing a person's abilities.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a)
Both Statement I and Statement II are true
b)
Both Statement I and Statement II are false
c)
Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
d)
Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
|
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EduRev Humanities answered |
Statement I is true because aptitude refers to the potential to perform in a specific area, while interest refers to the preference for performing a specific activity. They are distinct concepts. Statement II is false because it incorrectly suggests that interest and aptitude are the same.
Which of the following statements regarding creativity and intelligence is/are correct? i. High intelligence is a prerequisite for high creativity. ii. Creativity can manifest in various forms such as writing, art, and science. iii. Intelligence is primarily associated with the ability to reproduce learned information accurately. iv. Creativity assessments often include divergent thinking tasks that evaluate idea generation.- a) i and ii
- b) ii, iii, and iv
- c) iii and iv
- d) i, iii, and iv
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements regarding creativity and intelligence is/are correct?
i. High intelligence is a prerequisite for high creativity.
ii. Creativity can manifest in various forms such as writing, art, and science.
iii. Intelligence is primarily associated with the ability to reproduce learned information accurately.
iv. Creativity assessments often include divergent thinking tasks that evaluate idea generation.
a)
i and ii
b)
ii, iii, and iv
c)
iii and iv
d)
i, iii, and iv
|
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Crafty Classes answered |
- Statement i is incorrect because high intelligence does not guarantee high creativity; they are distinct attributes.
- Statement ii is correct as creativity does manifest in forms like writing, art, and science.
- Statement iii is correct because intelligence is linked to the ability to reproduce information accurately.
- Statement iv is also correct because creativity assessments often evaluate divergent thinking, which involves generating a variety of ideas. Thus, the correct statements are ii, iii, and iv, making the answer B.
According to Arthur Jensen’s hierarchical model of intelligence, what is the main difference between Level I and Level II abilities?- a)Level I abilities involve understanding complex concepts, while Level II abilities focus on simple memorization.
- b)Level I abilities focus on associative learning and rote memory, while Level II abilities involve higher-order cognitive skills.
- c)Level I abilities are related to problem-solving, whereas Level II abilities are concerned with physical coordination.
- d)Level I abilities require creativity, while Level II abilities rely on repetition and practice.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
According to Arthur Jensen’s hierarchical model of intelligence, what is the main difference between Level I and Level II abilities?
a)
Level I abilities involve understanding complex concepts, while Level II abilities focus on simple memorization.
b)
Level I abilities focus on associative learning and rote memory, while Level II abilities involve higher-order cognitive skills.
c)
Level I abilities are related to problem-solving, whereas Level II abilities are concerned with physical coordination.
d)
Level I abilities require creativity, while Level II abilities rely on repetition and practice.
|
|
Crafty Classes answered |
Answer: B. Level I abilities focus on associative learning and rote memory, while Level II abilities involve higher-order cognitive skills.
- Option A is incorrect because Level I refers to associative learning, not understanding complex concepts, which is a Level II function.
- Option B is correct because Jensen’s model defines Level I as associative learning (rote memory), while Level II refers to cognitive competence involving higher-order skills.
- Option C is incorrect because neither Level I nor Level II involves physical coordination.
- Option D is incorrect because Level I involves rote learning, not creativity, and Level II focuses on transforming input through cognitive skills, not repetition.
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:Triarchic Theory of IntelligenceIn 1985, Robert Sternberg proposed a three category theory of intelligence, integrating components that were lacking in Gardner’s theory. This theory is based on the definition of intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your personal standards and your sociocultural context.According to the triarchic theory, intelligence has three aspects: analytical, creative, and practical aspects (Sternberg, 1985).Analytical intelligence, also referred to as componential intelligence, refers to intelligence that is applied to analyze or evaluate problems and arrive at solutions.Creative intelligence: The ability to go beyond what is given to create novel and interesting ideas. This type of intelligence involves imagination, innovation and problem-solving.Practical intelligence: The ability that individuals use to solve problems faced in daily life and it is when a person finds the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment.Choose the correct option:Q. Which of the following is not considered an aspect of intelligence according to the triarchic theory?- a)Creative
- b)Analytical
- c)Practical
- d)Spatial
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
In 1985, Robert Sternberg proposed a three category theory of intelligence, integrating components that were lacking in Gardner’s theory. This theory is based on the definition of intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your personal standards and your sociocultural context.
According to the triarchic theory, intelligence has three aspects: analytical, creative, and practical aspects (Sternberg, 1985).
Analytical intelligence, also referred to as componential intelligence, refers to intelligence that is applied to analyze or evaluate problems and arrive at solutions.
Creative intelligence: The ability to go beyond what is given to create novel and interesting ideas. This type of intelligence involves imagination, innovation and problem-solving.
Practical intelligence: The ability that individuals use to solve problems faced in daily life and it is when a person finds the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment.
Choose the correct option:
Q. Which of the following is not considered an aspect of intelligence according to the triarchic theory?
a)
Creative
b)
Analytical
c)
Practical
d)
Spatial
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Spatial intelligence is considered as an aspect of intelligence according to Gardner’s Theory and not Stenberg’s Theory.
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children. The intelligence of identical twins reared together correlates almost 0.90. Twins separated early in childhood also show considerable similarity in their intellectual, personality and behavioural characteristics. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments correlated 0.72, those of fraternal twins reared together correlated almost 0.60, and those of brothers and sisters reared together correlated about 0.50, while siblings reared apart correlated about 0.25. Another line of evidence comes from the studies of adopted children, which shows that children’s intelligence is more similar to their biological rather than adoptive parents. With respect to the role of the environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s development is actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.Choose the correct option:Q. What type of children are studied for this analysis?- a)Siblings
- b)Twins
- c)Adopted
- d)Both (B) and (C)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:
The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children. The intelligence of identical twins reared together correlates almost 0.90. Twins separated early in childhood also show considerable similarity in their intellectual, personality and behavioural characteristics. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments correlated 0.72, those of fraternal twins reared together correlated almost 0.60, and those of brothers and sisters reared together correlated about 0.50, while siblings reared apart correlated about 0.25. Another line of evidence comes from the studies of adopted children, which shows that children’s intelligence is more similar to their biological rather than adoptive parents. With respect to the role of the environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s development is actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.
Choose the correct option:
Q. What type of children are studied for this analysis?
a)
Siblings
b)
Twins
c)
Adopted
d)
Both (B) and (C)
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children.
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between formal and informal assessments?- a)Informal assessments are objective and standardized, while formal assessments are subjective and based on perception.
- b)Formal assessments are organized and involve specific techniques, while informal assessments rely on subjective interpretation and lack defined measurement techniques.
- c)Formal assessments vary significantly between assessors due to subjective interpretation, while informal assessments are consistent and objective.
- d)Informal assessments involve measuring an attribute in relation to its practical application, while formal assessments are solely based on perception.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between formal and informal assessments?
a)
Informal assessments are objective and standardized, while formal assessments are subjective and based on perception.
b)
Formal assessments are organized and involve specific techniques, while informal assessments rely on subjective interpretation and lack defined measurement techniques.
c)
Formal assessments vary significantly between assessors due to subjective interpretation, while informal assessments are consistent and objective.
d)
Informal assessments involve measuring an attribute in relation to its practical application, while formal assessments are solely based on perception.
|
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Pj Commerce Academy answered |
Formal assessments are organized, objective, and involve specific techniques or measuring standards to evaluate an attribute. In contrast, informal assessments rely on subjective interpretation and do not use defined measurement techniques, leading to potential variation between assessors.
Which of the following statements regarding psychological assessment methods is/are correct?i. Psychological tests are subjective and vary based on the individual administering them.ii. Interviews allow for a one-on-one conversation to gather information directly from the client.iii. Case studies involve systematic observation of behavior over time to draw conclusions about psychological attributes.iv. Self-reports rely on individuals providing their own perceptions and beliefs, which may not always be factual.- a) ii and iv
- b) i, ii, and iii
- c) ii and iii
- d) i, iii, and iv
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements regarding psychological assessment methods is/are correct?
i. Psychological tests are subjective and vary based on the individual administering them.
ii. Interviews allow for a one-on-one conversation to gather information directly from the client.
iii. Case studies involve systematic observation of behavior over time to draw conclusions about psychological attributes.
iv. Self-reports rely on individuals providing their own perceptions and beliefs, which may not always be factual.
a)
ii and iv
b)
i, ii, and iii
c)
ii and iii
d)
i, iii, and iv
|
|
Pj Commerce Academy answered |
- Statement i is incorrect because psychological tests are designed to be objective and standardized, minimizing subjectivity.
- Statement ii is correct as interviews are indeed one-on-one conversations aimed at gathering detailed information from clients.
- Statement iii is partially correct; however, case studies primarily involve gathering detailed data through interviews, observation, and questionnaires rather than solely relying on systematic observation over time.
- Statement iv is correct as self-reports are based on individuals' perceptions, which can be influenced by biases and may not reflect objective reality.
Thus, the correct answer is Option A: ii and iv.
How does the concept of "cultural bias" in intelligence testing affect the validity of test results, according to the text?- a)Cultural bias in intelligence testing enhances the accuracy of results by focusing on the unique abilities of specific cultural groups.
- b)Cultural bias in intelligence testing can lead to inaccurate assessments, especially for individuals from different cultural backgrounds, as the tests may favor certain groups over others.
- c)Cultural bias is irrelevant in intelligence testing, as all tests are designed to be universally applicable and valid across different cultures.
- d)Cultural bias ensures that intelligence tests are better suited for low-literacy populations, enhancing their validity in these groups.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
How does the concept of "cultural bias" in intelligence testing affect the validity of test results, according to the text?
a)
Cultural bias in intelligence testing enhances the accuracy of results by focusing on the unique abilities of specific cultural groups.
b)
Cultural bias in intelligence testing can lead to inaccurate assessments, especially for individuals from different cultural backgrounds, as the tests may favor certain groups over others.
c)
Cultural bias is irrelevant in intelligence testing, as all tests are designed to be universally applicable and valid across different cultures.
d)
Cultural bias ensures that intelligence tests are better suited for low-literacy populations, enhancing their validity in these groups.
|
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Learning Educators answered |
The text discusses how cultural bias in intelligence testing can lead to inaccuracies, particularly for individuals from different cultural backgrounds, because these tests may favor specific cultural groups. This reduces the validity of the test results for those who are not part of the favored group.
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Aptitude refers to an individual’s preference for performing a specific activity in a particular field.
Statement II: Multiple aptitude tests, such as the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), assess general aptitudes in various fields through a series of specialized subtests.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:- a)Both Statement I and Statement II are true
- b)Both Statement I and Statement II are false
- c)Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
- d)Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Aptitude refers to an individual’s preference for performing a specific activity in a particular field.
Statement II: Multiple aptitude tests, such as the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), assess general aptitudes in various fields through a series of specialized subtests.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Statement I: Aptitude refers to an individual’s preference for performing a specific activity in a particular field.
Statement II: Multiple aptitude tests, such as the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), assess general aptitudes in various fields through a series of specialized subtests.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a)
Both Statement I and Statement II are true
b)
Both Statement I and Statement II are false
c)
Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
d)
Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
|
|
Pj Commerce Academy answered |
Statement I is false because aptitude refers to the potential to perform an activity, not a preference (which is related to interest). Statement II is true because the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) measures general aptitudes through subtests in various fields.
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:Following the work of Thurstone, American psychologist Howard Gardner built off the idea that there are multiple forms of intelligence.He proposed that there is no single intelligence, but rather distinct, independent multiple intelligences exist, each representing unique skills and talents relevant to a certain category.Gardner (1983) initially proposed seven multiple intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal, and he has since added naturalist intelligence.Gardner holds that most activities (such as dancing) will involve a combination of these multiple intelligences (such as spatial and bodily kinesthetic intelligences). He also suggests that these multiple intelligences can help us understand concepts beyond intelligence, such as creativity and leadership.Q. Which of the following is not considered as the seven types of multiple intelligence?- a)Street smartness
- b)Spatial
- c)Bodily-Kinesthetic
- d)Linguistic
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:
Following the work of Thurstone, American psychologist Howard Gardner built off the idea that there are multiple forms of intelligence.
He proposed that there is no single intelligence, but rather distinct, independent multiple intelligences exist, each representing unique skills and talents relevant to a certain category.
Gardner (1983) initially proposed seven multiple intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal, and he has since added naturalist intelligence.
Gardner holds that most activities (such as dancing) will involve a combination of these multiple intelligences (such as spatial and bodily kinesthetic intelligences). He also suggests that these multiple intelligences can help us understand concepts beyond intelligence, such as creativity and leadership.
Q. Which of the following is not considered as the seven types of multiple intelligence?
a)
Street smartness
b)
Spatial
c)
Bodily-Kinesthetic
d)
Linguistic
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The seven types of multiple intelligences are : linguistic, logical mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal.
What type of approach is the information-processing approach?
- a)Self-Report
- b)Self-Assessment
- c)Questionnaire
- d)Psychometric
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
What type of approach is the information-processing approach?
a)
Self-Report
b)
Self-Assessment
c)
Questionnaire
d)
Psychometric
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Theories can be broadly classified as either representing a psychometric/structural approach or an information-processing approach. The psychometric approach considers intelligence as an aggregate of abilities.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? i. Intelligence is the ability to reason logically and effectively utilize resources in challenging situations. ii. Aptitude refers solely to a person's success in academic settings without consideration of environmental factors. iii. A person's interests can significantly influence their career satisfaction and engagement in activities. iv. Personality traits are fixed and do not change over time or with experience.- a) i and iii
- b) ii and iv
- c) i, iii and iv
- d) i and ii
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
i. Intelligence is the ability to reason logically and effectively utilize resources in challenging situations.
ii. Aptitude refers solely to a person's success in academic settings without consideration of environmental factors.
iii. A person's interests can significantly influence their career satisfaction and engagement in activities.
iv. Personality traits are fixed and do not change over time or with experience.
a)
i and iii
b)
ii and iv
c)
i, iii and iv
d)
i and ii
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EduRev Humanities answered |
- Statement i is correct because intelligence involves reasoning, comprehension, and resource utilization in problem-solving.
- Statement ii is incorrect as it overlooks the role of environmental factors in a person's aptitude.
- Statement iii is correct, as interests can guide individuals towards fulfilling careers and activities.
- Statement iv is incorrect since personality can evolve with experiences and changes in life circumstances.
Thus, the correct statements are i and iii, making Option A the right choice.
Assertion (A): Intelligence is often perceived as a single attribute that distinguishes individuals based on their quickness of learning and understanding relationships.Reason (R): The Oxford definition of intelligence emphasizes the ability to perceive, learn, understand, and acquire knowledge, which is broader than common perceptions.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
- c)If Assertion is true but Reason is false
- d)If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A): Intelligence is often perceived as a single attribute that distinguishes individuals based on their quickness of learning and understanding relationships.
Reason (R): The Oxford definition of intelligence emphasizes the ability to perceive, learn, understand, and acquire knowledge, which is broader than common perceptions.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
c)
If Assertion is true but Reason is false
d)
If both Assertion and Reason are false
|
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Learning Educators answered |
- The Assertion is true; it reflects the common understanding of intelligence as a distinguishable attribute related to learning and understanding.
- The Reason is also true; it provides a broader definition of intelligence as outlined by the Oxford definition.
- However, the Reason does not serve as the correct explanation for the Assertion, as the Assertion speaks to a common perception rather than the broader definition presented.
Creativity assessments often focus on ________, which involves generating multiple ideas and exploring various possibilities.- a)Convergent thinking
- b)Analytical thinking
- c)Divergent thinking
- d)Emotional reasoning
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Creativity assessments often focus on ________, which involves generating multiple ideas and exploring various possibilities.
a)
Convergent thinking
b)
Analytical thinking
c)
Divergent thinking
d)
Emotional reasoning
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Learning Educators answered |
Creativity assessments often focus on divergent thinking, which involves generating a range of ideas that deviate from the norm and exploring various possibilities, fostering the use of imagination and originality.
Assertion (A): Cultural contexts significantly influence the development of higher mental functions, such as problem-solving and critical thinking.Reason (R): In technologically advanced societies, social and emotional competencies are prioritized over reasoning and judgment.- a)If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- b)If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
- c)If Assertion is true but Reason is false
- d)If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion (A): Cultural contexts significantly influence the development of higher mental functions, such as problem-solving and critical thinking.
Reason (R): In technologically advanced societies, social and emotional competencies are prioritized over reasoning and judgment.
a)
If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
b)
If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
c)
If Assertion is true but Reason is false
d)
If both Assertion and Reason are false
|
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Learning Educators answered |
- The Assertion is true because it aligns with the idea that higher mental functions are shaped by cultural experiences and practices.
- The Reason is false because, in technologically advanced societies, reasoning and judgment are often highly valued, contrary to what the reason states.
- Since the Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion, the correct answer is Option A, as both statements are not true but the Assertion is valid in a broader context.
Match the following dimensions of intelligence recognized in the Indian tradition with their corresponding descriptions.
- a)A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
- b)A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
- c)A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
- d)A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Match the following dimensions of intelligence recognized in the Indian tradition with their corresponding descriptions.
a)
A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
b)
A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
c)
A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
d)
A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
|
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EduRev Humanities answered |
A-3: Cognitive capacity involves sensitivity to context, problem-solving skills, and effective communication.
B-4: Social competence refers to respect for the social order, commitment to elders, and consideration for others' perspectives.
C-1: Emotional competence includes self-regulation, honesty, politeness, and good conduct.
D-2: Entrepreneurial competence involves commitment, persistence, patience, and a goal-directed approach.
B-4: Social competence refers to respect for the social order, commitment to elders, and consideration for others' perspectives.
C-1: Emotional competence includes self-regulation, honesty, politeness, and good conduct.
D-2: Entrepreneurial competence involves commitment, persistence, patience, and a goal-directed approach.
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children. The intelligence of identical twins reared together correlates almost 0.90. Twins separated early in childhood also show considerable similarity in their intellectual, personality and behavioural characteristics. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments correlated 0.72, those of fraternal twins reared together correlated almost 0.60, and those of brothers and sisters reared together correlated about 0.50, while siblings reared apart correlated about 0.25. Another line of evidence comes from the studies of adopted children, which shows that children’s intelligence is more similar to their biological rather than adoptive parents. With respect to the role of the environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s development is actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.Choose the correct option:Q. Quality schooling ____________ intelligence- a)decreases
- b)increases
- c)does not affect
- d)may or may not
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow:
The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children. The intelligence of identical twins reared together correlates almost 0.90. Twins separated early in childhood also show considerable similarity in their intellectual, personality and behavioural characteristics. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments correlated 0.72, those of fraternal twins reared together correlated almost 0.60, and those of brothers and sisters reared together correlated about 0.50, while siblings reared apart correlated about 0.25. Another line of evidence comes from the studies of adopted children, which shows that children’s intelligence is more similar to their biological rather than adoptive parents. With respect to the role of the environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s development is actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.
Choose the correct option:
Q. Quality schooling ____________ intelligence
a)
decreases
b)
increases
c)
does not affect
d)
may or may not
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Arun Yadav answered |
The quality of schooling is directly proportional to the intelligence it develops in the young minds.
Which one of the following is most likely to be true? A person with an IQ of 100 is: - a)Unlikely to be able to finish high school.
- b)Unable to get a driving licence.
- c)Likely to have trouble completing a university degree.
- d)More intelligent than a person with an IQ of 120.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is most likely to be true? A person with an IQ of 100 is:
a)
Unlikely to be able to finish high school.
b)
Unable to get a driving licence.
c)
Likely to have trouble completing a university degree.
d)
More intelligent than a person with an IQ of 120.
|
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Arun Yadav answered |
The higher the IQ score, the more intelligent the person. The average IQ is 90–110, with university students usually having an IQ of at least 115.
Which of the following statements about the relationship between creativity and cognitive abilities is/are correct? i. Creativity requires a baseline level of cognitive abilities such as knowledge acquisition and comprehension. ii. Individuals with high IQs are guaranteed to be highly creative. iii. Modifying existing concepts is a form of creativity. iv. Creativity is solely dependent on verbal skills and does not involve physical activities.- a) i and iii
- b) ii and iv
- c) i, ii, and iii
- d) i and iv
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements about the relationship between creativity and cognitive abilities is/are correct?
i. Creativity requires a baseline level of cognitive abilities such as knowledge acquisition and comprehension.
ii. Individuals with high IQs are guaranteed to be highly creative.
iii. Modifying existing concepts is a form of creativity.
iv. Creativity is solely dependent on verbal skills and does not involve physical activities.
a)
i and iii
b)
ii and iv
c)
i, ii, and iii
d)
i and iv
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Crafty Classes answered |
- Statement i is correct as creativity does require foundational cognitive abilities like knowledge acquisition and comprehension.
- Statement ii is incorrect since high IQ does not ensure high creativity; they can exist independently.
- Statement iii is correct because modifying existing concepts is indeed a recognized form of creativity.
- Statement iv is incorrect as creativity can also manifest through physical activities, especially in early childhood. Therefore, the correct statements are i and iii, making the answer A.
Match the following theories of intelligence with their corresponding proponents and key concepts.
- a)A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
- b)A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
- c)A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
- d)A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Match the following theories of intelligence with their corresponding proponents and key concepts.
a)
A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
b)
A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
c)
A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
d)
A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
|
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Pj Commerce Academy answered |
A-3: The Uni or One Factor Theory was proposed by Alfred Binet, who viewed intelligence as a single set of abilities.
B-4: The Two Factor Theory was developed by Charles Spearman, who proposed the general factor (g-factor) and specific factors (s-factors).
C-1: The Hierarchical Model of Intelligence was proposed by Arthur Jensen, which operates at two levels: associative learning and cognitive competence.
D-2: The Structure of Intellect Model was proposed by J.P. Guilford, classifying intellectual traits into three dimensions: operations, contents, and products.
B-4: The Two Factor Theory was developed by Charles Spearman, who proposed the general factor (g-factor) and specific factors (s-factors).
C-1: The Hierarchical Model of Intelligence was proposed by Arthur Jensen, which operates at two levels: associative learning and cognitive competence.
D-2: The Structure of Intellect Model was proposed by J.P. Guilford, classifying intellectual traits into three dimensions: operations, contents, and products.
Which statement correctly identifies the relationship between the PASS model's components and intelligence?- a)The PASS model focuses exclusively on verbal intelligence, with no emphasis on non-verbal or performance-based abilities.
- b)The PASS model's components—Planning, Attention, Arousal, and Simultaneous-Successive processing—work interdependently to contribute to intellectual functioning, with each component responsible for different aspects of cognitive processes.
- c)The PASS model disregards the role of attention in cognitive functioning, focusing only on planning and arousal.
- d)The PASS model proposes that intelligence is solely dependent on simultaneous processing, with successive processing playing no significant role.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which statement correctly identifies the relationship between the PASS model's components and intelligence?
a)
The PASS model focuses exclusively on verbal intelligence, with no emphasis on non-verbal or performance-based abilities.
b)
The PASS model's components—Planning, Attention, Arousal, and Simultaneous-Successive processing—work interdependently to contribute to intellectual functioning, with each component responsible for different aspects of cognitive processes.
c)
The PASS model disregards the role of attention in cognitive functioning, focusing only on planning and arousal.
d)
The PASS model proposes that intelligence is solely dependent on simultaneous processing, with successive processing playing no significant role.
|
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Crafty Classes answered |
The PASS model outlines that intellectual activity involves the interdependent functioning of Planning, Attention, Arousal, and Simultaneous-Successive processing. Each of these components contributes to different aspects of cognitive processes, such as focus, problem-solving, and planning.
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Robert Sternberg's theory of intelligence includes Componential, Experiential, and Contextual types, focusing on adapting, shaping, and selecting the environment to achieve personal and societal goals.
Statement II: The PASS Model of Intelligence, proposed by J.P. Das, Jack Naglieri, and Kirby, emphasizes the role of emotional intelligence in planning and decision-making.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:- a)Both Statement I and Statement II are true
- b)Both Statement I and Statement II are false
- c)Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
- d)Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Robert Sternberg's theory of intelligence includes Componential, Experiential, and Contextual types, focusing on adapting, shaping, and selecting the environment to achieve personal and societal goals.
Statement II: The PASS Model of Intelligence, proposed by J.P. Das, Jack Naglieri, and Kirby, emphasizes the role of emotional intelligence in planning and decision-making.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Statement I: Robert Sternberg's theory of intelligence includes Componential, Experiential, and Contextual types, focusing on adapting, shaping, and selecting the environment to achieve personal and societal goals.
Statement II: The PASS Model of Intelligence, proposed by J.P. Das, Jack Naglieri, and Kirby, emphasizes the role of emotional intelligence in planning and decision-making.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a)
Both Statement I and Statement II are true
b)
Both Statement I and Statement II are false
c)
Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
d)
Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
|
|
Pj Commerce Academy answered |
Statement I is true because Robert Sternberg's theory classifies intelligence into Componential, Experiential, and Contextual types, each focusing on different aspects of interaction with the environment. Statement II is false because the PASS Model of Intelligence does not focus on emotional intelligence; rather, it emphasizes the interdependent functioning of neurological systems involved in Arousal and Attention, Simultaneous and Successive Processing, and Planning.
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