All questions of Drainage for Grade 9 Exam

The Guru Gobind Sagar Lake differs from the rest of the lakes in the group.

Reasons:

Location:
- The Guru Gobind Sagar Lake is located in the state of Himachal Pradesh, while the other lakes are located in Uttarakhand and Jammu and Kashmir.

Origin:
- The Guru Gobind Sagar Lake is a man-made reservoir, created by the Bhakra Dam on the Sutlej River. In contrast, the other lakes are natural or semi-natural.

Purpose:
- The Guru Gobind Sagar Lake was created primarily for hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, and drinking water supply. The other lakes do not have such a specific purpose.

Size:
- The Guru Gobind Sagar Lake is much larger than the other lakes, with a surface area of about 170 square kilometers. In comparison, Dal Lake has a surface area of about 18 square kilometers, Nainital Lake has a surface area of about 1.5 square kilometers, and Bhimtal Lake has a surface area of about 1.2 square kilometers.

Tourism:
- While the other lakes are popular tourist destinations, the Guru Gobind Sagar Lake is not as well-known as a tourist spot. It is mainly visited by people interested in water sports and fishing.

In conclusion, the Guru Gobind Sagar Lake differs from the rest of the lakes in the group due to its location, origin, purpose, size, and popularity as a tourist destination.

False

Explanation:
Perennial rivers are those rivers which flow throughout the year. Most of the Peninsular rivers are not perennial in nature. These rivers depend on rainfall for their flow and hence, they dry up during summers. Some of the major Peninsular rivers such as Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, etc. have a seasonal flow and are not perennial. However, some of the Peninsular rivers such as Narmada and Tapti have a perennial flow as they originate from the mountains and are not solely dependent on rainfall. Hence, the statement that most of the Peninsular rivers are perennial is false.

Length of River Ganga Drainage Basin

The total length of River Ganga drainage basin is 2500 km.

Explanation

The River Ganga is one of the largest rivers in India and has a significant impact on the country's culture, economy, and environment. The river flows through several states in northern India, including Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. The Ganga basin is also one of the most densely populated regions in the world.

The River Ganga drainage basin is the area of land drained by the river and its tributaries. The length of the drainage basin is measured from the source of the river in the Himalayas to the point where it meets the Bay of Bengal. The total length of the River Ganga drainage basin is approximately 2,500 km.

The River Ganga is considered holy by Hindus and is a significant pilgrimage site. It is also an essential source of water for agriculture, industry, and domestic use. However, the river is facing several challenges, including pollution, climate change, and overuse. The Indian government has launched several initiatives to clean up the river and prevent further degradation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the total length of the River Ganga drainage basin is 2,500 km. The river is an essential resource for India and its people, but it is also facing significant challenges. It is crucial to take steps to protect and preserve the river for future generations.

**The source of the river Narmada is Amarkantak.**

The river Narmada, one of the major rivers in India, originates from the Amarkantak plateau. It is located in the Maikal Mountains, which is part of the Vindhya Range. Amarkantak is a pilgrimage town situated at an altitude of around 1065 meters in the Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh.

**Amarkantak**:
- Amarkantak is considered a sacred place by Hindus as it is believed to be the meeting point of the Vindhya Range and the Satpura Range, which are two important mountain ranges in central India.
- It is believed that the Narmada River emerges as a result of the union of two small streams, namely, the Sonbhadra and the Johila, at the origin point in Amarkantak.
- The Sonbhadra stream originates from the east while the Johila stream originates from the west. They converge at the Amarkantak plateau to form the Narmada River.

**Vindhya Range**:
- The Vindhya Range is a range of hills and mountains that runs parallel to the Narmada River in central India.
- It extends from eastern Gujarat through Madhya Pradesh and into southeastern Uttar Pradesh.
- The Vindhya Range acts as a watershed between the rivers flowing into the Arabian Sea and those flowing into the Bay of Bengal.
- It is a prominent feature in the landscape of central India and is known for its rich biodiversity and scenic beauty.

**Satpura Range**:
- The Satpura Range is another important mountain range in central India.
- It runs parallel to the Vindhya Range and forms the southern boundary of the Narmada River basin.
- The Satpura Range is known for its dense forests, wildlife sanctuaries, and hill stations.
- Several rivers, including the Tapti and the Narmada, originate from this range.

In conclusion, the river Narmada has its source at Amarkantak, which is located in the Maikal Mountains of the Vindhya Range. The belief that the Narmada River is formed by the union of the Sonbhadra and Johila streams at Amarkantak makes it a significant pilgrimage site for Hindus.

The correct answer is option 'B', Brahmaputra.

The Dibang and Lohit rivers are two major tributaries of the Brahmaputra River in India. They are both located in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, which is in the northeastern part of India. Let's explore more about these rivers and their significance.

1. The Brahmaputra River:
- The Brahmaputra is one of the major rivers in Asia and is known as the lifeline of northeastern India.
- It originates from the Angsi Glacier in the Himalayas and flows through Tibet, India, and Bangladesh.
- In India, it enters through the state of Arunachal Pradesh and flows through Assam before entering Bangladesh and eventually merging with the Ganges River.
- The Brahmaputra River is known for its massive volume of water and plays a crucial role in the region's economy and transportation.

2. The Dibang River:
- The Dibang River is the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra River.
- It originates from the northern slopes of the Great Himalayas in Arunachal Pradesh.
- The river flows through the Dibang Valley and eventually joins the Brahmaputra near the town of Sadiya in Assam.
- The Dibang River is known for its scenic beauty and is surrounded by dense forests and snow-clad mountains.

3. The Lohit River:
- The Lohit River is another important tributary of the Brahmaputra River.
- It originates in eastern Tibet and enters India through Arunachal Pradesh.
- The river flows through the Mishmi Hills and joins the Brahmaputra near the town of Tezu in Arunachal Pradesh.
- The Lohit River is known for its turbulent waters and is a popular destination for rafting and adventure sports.

4. Significance:
- The Dibang and Lohit rivers, along with other tributaries, contribute significantly to the water flow of the Brahmaputra River.
- These rivers play a vital role in the irrigation, agriculture, and fisheries of the region.
- The Brahmaputra River and its tributaries are also a source of transportation and are used for both commercial and leisure purposes.
- The rivers and their surrounding areas are ecologically diverse, supporting a wide range of flora and fauna.

In conclusion, the Dibang and Lohit rivers are important tributaries of the Brahmaputra River. They originate in Arunachal Pradesh and contribute to the overall water flow and ecological significance of the region.

Saltwater Lake of Rajasthan: Sambhar

Sambhar is the largest saltwater lake in India, located in the state of Rajasthan. It is a part of the Sambhar Lake Town, which is situated around 80 km southwest of Jaipur. The lake is spread over an area of 190 to 230 square kilometers, depending on the water level.

Formation of Sambhar Lake
Sambhar Lake was formed approximately 5,000 years ago when a river named 'Saraswati' changed its course due to tectonic activities. The lake is fed by several small streams and rivers, but it has no outlet. The water in the lake evaporates, leaving behind a high concentration of salt, which is harvested by locals.

Ecology and Wildlife
Sambhar Lake is a significant wetland ecosystem of Rajasthan and is a critical habitat for many migratory birds. It is listed as a Ramsar site, which is a wetland of international importance. The lake is home to a wide variety of birds such as flamingoes, pelicans, storks, and several species of ducks. The lake is also an essential feeding and breeding ground for many resident birds such as Indian cormorants, spoonbills, and painted storks.

Tourism
Sambhar Lake is a popular tourist destination in Rajasthan. The lake is surrounded by hills, and the view of the sunset from the lake is breathtaking. Several resorts and hotels are situated around the lake, which offers a comfortable stay to tourists. The lake is also an excellent spot for bird watching, and many tourists visit the lake to witness the migratory birds during winter.

Conclusion
Sambhar Lake is a unique ecosystem of Rajasthan and has significant ecological and economic importance. It is a must-visit destination for tourists who are interested in bird watching and wish to experience the beauty of nature.

Kolleru Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in India located in the state of Andhra Pradesh and forms the largest shallow freshwater[ lake in Asia, 15 kilometers away from the city of Eluru. Kolleru is located between Krishna and Godavari deltas. Kolleru spans into two districts - Krishna and West Godavari. The lake is fed directly by water from the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru streams and is connected to the Krishna and Godavari irrigation systems by over 67 major and minor irrigation canals. This lake is a major tourist attraction.

Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for about 58% of India's population. Gross Value Added by agriculture, forestry, and fishing was estimated at Rs. 19.48 lakh crore (US$ 276.37 billion) in FY20.

The Wular Lake is located in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India. It is the largest freshwater lake in India and is located in the northern part of the state, in the district of Bandipora. The correct answer to your question is a) Jammu and Kashmir.

Definition of Drainage
Drainage refers to the network of rivers, streams, and other water bodies that collect and carry water from a particular area.

Description of the Term Drainage
Option 'B' is the correct answer. It describes the river system of an area. Drainage refers to the collection and transportation of water from a particular area through a network of rivers, streams, and other water bodies. It includes the surface runoff, precipitation, and groundwater. The river system is an integral part of the drainage system as it collects and carries water from the upper areas to the lower areas. The river system comprises of the main river, its tributaries, and distributaries. It is responsible for the formation of river valleys, waterfalls, and gorges, and plays a significant role in shaping the landscape of an area.

Option 'A' is incorrect because it refers to the area drained by a single river system. Drainage is not limited to a single river system, but it includes all the water bodies that collect and carry water from a particular area.

Option 'C' is incorrect because it refers to an upland that separates two drainage basins. Although an upland can separate two drainage basins, it is not the definition of drainage.

Option 'D' is incorrect because one of the options is the correct description of the term drainage.

(i) Natural lakes: (a) Wular (b) Dal (c) Nainital (d) Bhimtal (f) Loktak (g) Barapani (h) Chilka (i) Sambhar (l) Pulicat.

The Ganga River System
The Ganga River System is one of the most significant river systems in India, known for its vast network of rivers, tributaries, and distributaries.
Formation of Bhagirathi-Hooghly Distributary
- The Ganga River flows through several states in India and ultimately drains into the Bay of Bengal.
- Near the town of Farakka in West Bengal, the Ganga divides into multiple branches, one of which is the Bhagirathi-Hooghly.
- The Bhagirathi-Hooghly is a crucial distributary that serves as the main channel of the Ganga in its lower reaches, providing water to a significant portion of West Bengal.
Importance of the Bhagirathi-Hooghly
- Cultural Significance: The river is revered in Hindu culture and is considered sacred. It plays an essential role in rituals and religious ceremonies.
- Economic Role: The Bhagirathi-Hooghly supports agriculture and fishing, contributing to the livelihoods of many communities along its banks.
- Navigation: This river serves as an important waterway for trade and transport, facilitating the movement of goods and people.
Conclusion
In summary, the Ganga River System is renowned for forming the Bhagirathi-Hooghly distributary, which is pivotal for both ecological balance and human activities in the region. Its significance extends beyond geography, impacting cultural, economic, and social aspects of life in West Bengal.

Origin place of River Indus
The correct answer is option C: Mansarovar.
Explanation:
The River Indus, one of the longest rivers in Asia, originates from Mansarovar Lake in the Tibetan plateau in China. It flows through Tibet, India, and Pakistan, covering a total length of approximately 3,180 kilometers.
Here are some key points to support this answer:
- Mansarovar Lake: Located at an altitude of 4,590 meters in the Tibetan plateau, Mansarovar Lake is considered sacred by Hindus, Buddhists, and Jains. It is believed to be the source of four major rivers, including the Indus.
- Tibetan Plateau: The Tibetan plateau is a vast elevated region in Central Asia. It is often referred to as the "Roof of the World" and is the source of many major rivers in Asia, including the Indus.
- Indus River: After originating from Mansarovar Lake, the Indus River flows through Tibet before entering India. It then passes through the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, continues through Pakistan, and finally empties into the Arabian Sea.
Therefore, the correct origin place of the River Indus is Mansarovar, as mentioned in option C.

The Brahmaputra originates in the Mansarovar lake, also the source of the Indus and the Satluj. It is slightly longer than the Indus, but most of its course lies outside India. It flows eastward, parallel to the Himalayas. Reaching Namcha Barwa (7757 m), it takes a U-turn around it and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh and known as dihang. The undercutting done by this river is of the order of 5500 metres. In India, it flows through Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, and is joined by several tributaries.

The Tapi River rises in Betul, Madhya Pradesh

The Tapi River is one of the major rivers in central India. It is also known as the Tapti River and flows through the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat. The river has its origin in the Satpura Range in central India and traverses a total length of approximately 724 kilometers before merging with the Arabian Sea.

Origin of the Tapi River
The Tapi River originates from the eastern slopes of the Satpura Range. It rises in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh, which is located in central India. The specific location where the river originates is a small village called Multai. Multai is situated in the Betul district, which is known for its dense forests, hills, and beautiful landscapes.

Flow and Course of the Tapi River
After its origin in Betul, the Tapi River flows in a westward direction. It then passes through the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat before finally draining into the Arabian Sea. The river traverses through various cities and towns, including Amravati, Akola, Buldhana, Jalgaon, and Surat. Along its course, the Tapi River is joined by several tributaries, including the Purna River and the Girna River.

Importance and Significance of the Tapi River
The Tapi River plays a crucial role in the agricultural, industrial, and ecological aspects of the regions it flows through. It serves as a source of water for irrigation, providing vital resources for agricultural activities. The river also supports the generation of hydroelectric power through the construction of dams and reservoirs.

The Tapi River and its surrounding areas are home to diverse flora and fauna, contributing to the ecological balance of the region. It also serves as a lifeline for several cities and towns, providing a means of transportation and livelihood for the local communities.

In conclusion, the Tapi River rises in Betul, Madhya Pradesh. It originates in the village of Multai and flows through Maharashtra and Gujarat before merging with the Arabian Sea. The river holds significant importance in terms of agriculture, industry, and ecology for the regions it passes through.

Dendritic drainage pattern resembles the branches of a tree. It is the most common and widely found pattern in nature. In this pattern, the river channels and tributaries resemble the branches of a tree, with the main river channel acting as the trunk and the smaller tributaries acting as the branches that merge into the main channel.

Explanation:
The dendritic drainage pattern develops in regions with a homogeneous rock structure and a relatively flat and uniform slope. It is formed when a river flows over a uniform and resistant bedrock or a layer of unconsolidated sediments. The river channels follow the paths of least resistance and erode the surrounding terrain in a dendritic pattern.

The formation of a dendritic pattern can be explained as follows:

1. Homogeneous rock structure: The underlying rock or soil in the area is uniform and does not have any major variations in its resistance to erosion. This allows the river to flow freely and not be diverted by any harder or softer rock formations.

2. Uniform slope: The area has a relatively flat and uniform slope, which means that the river does not encounter any significant changes in gradient. This smooth gradient allows the river to flow evenly and maintain a consistent direction.

3. Path of least resistance: The river follows the path of least resistance as it flows downhill. It erodes the surrounding terrain in a way that creates a network of branching channels. The erosion is concentrated along the weaker points in the landscape, such as joints or fractures in the rock.

4. Branching tributaries: As the river flows downstream, it is joined by smaller streams and tributaries. These tributaries form at right angles to the main channel and join it, creating a dendritic pattern resembling the branches of a tree.

The dendritic drainage pattern is efficient in draining water from an area because it allows for a large volume of water to be discharged into the main river channel. It is commonly found in regions with well-developed drainage systems, such as river valleys and floodplains.

Introduction:
The self-cleansing capacity of a river refers to its ability to purify itself naturally by removing pollutants and maintaining a healthy ecosystem. Various factors can affect this capacity, including aquatic organisms, water withdrawal for irrigation, hydroelectricity generation, and pollution. Among these factors, pollution has the most significant impact on the self-cleansing capacity of a river.

Pollution:
Pollution from various sources such as industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and domestic sewage can severely degrade the water quality of a river. When pollutants enter the river, they can disrupt the natural balance of the ecosystem and harm aquatic organisms. Pollutants can include harmful chemicals, heavy metals, excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, and organic matter.

Impact on Aquatic Organisms:
Pollution adversely affects aquatic organisms, which are an essential component of the river ecosystem. Excess nutrients in the water can lead to excessive algae growth, causing oxygen depletion through the process of eutrophication. This oxygen depletion can result in the death of fish and other organisms that rely on oxygen for survival. Additionally, toxic chemicals and heavy metals can accumulate in the tissues of aquatic organisms, leading to health problems and reduced population sizes.

Water Withdrawal for Irrigation:
While water withdrawal for irrigation can impact the overall water availability in a river, it does not directly affect the self-cleansing capacity of the river. However, excessive water withdrawal can lead to reduced flow rates, which can in turn affect the dilution and dispersion of pollutants. This can exacerbate the pollution levels in the river, further hindering its self-cleansing capacity.

Hydroelectricity Generation:
Similar to water withdrawal for irrigation, hydroelectricity generation does not directly affect the self-cleansing capacity of the river. However, the construction of dams for hydroelectricity generation can alter the natural flow patterns of the river and disrupt the habitat of aquatic organisms. This can indirectly impact the self-cleansing capacity by reducing biodiversity and altering ecological processes.

Conclusion:
While factors such as aquatic organisms, water withdrawal for irrigation, and hydroelectricity generation can have indirect impacts on the self-cleansing capacity of a river, pollution is the primary factor that directly affects the river's ability to purify itself. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D' - Pollution. Efforts should be made to reduce pollution and improve water quality to maintain the self-cleansing capacity of rivers and ensure the health of their ecosystems.

Introduction to Mahanadi
The Mahanadi River is one of the major rivers in India, primarily flowing through the states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha. Its length is an important geographical fact that contributes to various aspects such as ecology, economy, and culture in the region.
Length of Mahanadi
- The Mahanadi River stretches approximately 860 kilometers in length.
- This makes it one of the longest rivers in India.
Geographical Significance
- Origin: The river originates from the Amarkantak Plateau in Madhya Pradesh.
- Course: It flows through Chhattisgarh and enters Odisha before draining into the Bay of Bengal.
- Basin Area: The Mahanadi River Basin covers an area of about 141,600 square kilometers, impacting agriculture and water supply in the region.
Economic Importance
- Irrigation: The Mahanadi is vital for irrigation, supporting agriculture in the fertile plains of Odisha.
- Hydroelectric Power: Several dams on the river, such as the Hirakud Dam, generate hydroelectric power, contributing to the energy supply for nearby regions.
Cultural Relevance
- The river holds significant cultural importance, featuring in various myths and local traditions.
- Festivals and rituals are often centered around the river, showcasing its role in the lives of local communities.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the statement that "the length of Mahanadi is 860 km" is indeed True. This river plays a crucial role in the geography, economy, and culture of the regions it traverses, making it an important natural resource in India.

The Narmada, Periyar and Tapti are the only long rivers, which flow west and make estuaries. An Estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Only West following rivers of India forms Estuary.

Brahmaputra River has a Braided Channel

The Brahmaputra River is a trans-boundary river that flows through China, India, and Bangladesh. It is one of the largest and most important river systems in Asia, and it has a braided channel.

What is a Braided Channel?

A braided channel is a type of river channel that is characterized by multiple channels separated by islands or bars of sediment. These channels often shift and change over time, creating a complex network of waterways that can be difficult to navigate.

Why does the Brahmaputra River have a Braided Channel?

The Brahmaputra River has a braided channel because of its high sediment load and varying flow conditions. During the monsoon season, the river receives a large amount of water and sediment, which causes the river to shift and change its course. This creates multiple channels that weave in and out of each other, creating a braided appearance.

Impact of Braided Channel on the Environment

Braided channels can have a significant impact on the environment. They create a variety of habitats that support a diverse range of plant and animal species. However, they can also be susceptible to erosion and flooding, which can cause damage to nearby communities and infrastructure.

Conclusion

In summary, the Brahmaputra River has a braided channel due to its high sediment load and varying flow conditions. While this creates a unique environment that supports a range of species, it can also be a challenge for nearby communities and infrastructure.

Dendritic or tree-shaped drainage pattern is the most common and widespread pattern to be found on the earth’s surface. The pattern is called dendritic on the ground that the network of tributaries of various orders and magnitudes of the trunk or master stream resembles the branches and roots and rootlets of a tree.

Indus River originates near Manasarovar Lake from Mount Kailash of China. It flows through Leh in India and later through Pakistan before emptying into the Arabian Sea. Its major tributaries are divided into 2 groups. Panjnad includes the famous Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum, Beas and Sutlej.

Answer:



River Action Plans:
- River action plans are comprehensive strategies developed to tackle pollution and degradation of rivers. These plans involve a range of measures to prevent pollution, conserve water resources, and restore the health of rivers.
- The primary objective of river action plans is to improve the water quality of rivers and ensure their sustainable use for various purposes like drinking, irrigation, and industrial needs.
- These plans are implemented by government bodies at central, state, and local levels, in collaboration with various stakeholders including environmentalists, scientists, and local communities.
- River action plans often include components such as setting up sewage treatment plants, regulating industrial effluents, promoting organic farming practices, and creating awareness about the importance of river conservation.
- These plans also emphasize the need to involve local communities in river conservation efforts, as they play a crucial role in protecting and preserving rivers.
- River action plans are based on scientific research and data analysis, which helps in identifying the sources of pollution and designing appropriate measures to address them.
- These plans are dynamic and subject to periodic review and updates, considering the changing environmental conditions and emerging pollution challenges.

Importance of River Action Plans:
- River action plans are crucial for the sustainable management of rivers in the face of increasing pollution and degradation.
- They help in ensuring the availability of clean and safe water for various purposes, thereby protecting the health and well-being of communities dependent on rivers.
- River action plans also contribute to the conservation of aquatic ecosystems and the preservation of biodiversity.
- They play a significant role in achieving the goals of sustainable development, as clean and healthy rivers are essential for economic growth, social well-being, and environmental sustainability.

Conclusion:
- Rising pollution in rivers has raised concerns about the deteriorating water quality and ecological health of these vital natural resources.
- Various river action plans have been implemented to address these concerns and improve the condition of rivers.
- These plans involve a range of measures aimed at preventing pollution, conserving water resources, and restoring the health of rivers.
- River action plans are crucial for the sustainable management of rivers and ensuring the availability of clean and safe water for various purposes.

The Narmada, the largest west flowing river of the Peninsula, rises near the Amarkantak range of mountains in Madhya Pradesh.

Option a is correct because in the earth most of the water is present in oceans and in water in oceans is salty .

Overview of River Basins in India
India is home to several major river systems, each with its own basin. Among these, the Ganges River basin stands out as the largest.
Ganges River Basin
- The Ganges, also known as the Ganga, flows through northern India and is approximately 2,525 kilometers long.
- The basin covers an area of about 1,086,000 square kilometers, stretching across several states, including Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
Importance of the Ganges Basin
- The Ganges basin is crucial for agriculture, supporting millions of farmers with its fertile alluvial soil.
- It is an essential water source for drinking and irrigation, significantly impacting the livelihood of the population.
- The Ganges holds religious significance for Hindus, making it a vital cultural and spiritual symbol.
Comparison with Other Rivers
- Indus River Basin: Covers about 1,165,000 square kilometers, primarily in Pakistan, with only a portion in India.
- Brahmaputra River Basin: Encompasses around 590,000 square kilometers, flowing through India, Bangladesh, and Tibet.
- Yamuna River Basin: Smaller than the Ganges, it covers about 366,223 square kilometers, mainly in northern India.
Conclusion
In summary, the Ganges River basin is the largest in India, both in area and in terms of its socio-economic and cultural significance, making it a vital lifeline for the country.

The Ganga is joined by many tributaries from the Himalayas, a few of them being major rivers such as the Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi. The river Yamuna rises from the Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas. It flows parallel to the Ganga and as a right bank tributary, meets the Ganga at Allahabad. The Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi rise in the Nepal Himalaya. They are the rivers, which flood parts of the northern plains every year, causing widespread damage to life and property but enriching the soil for the extensive agricultural lands.

Most of the freshwater lakes are in the Himalayan region. They are of glacial origin. They are formed when glaciers dug out a basin, which was later filled with snowmelt. Examples of such lakes are Bhimtal, Nainital, Dal lake. etc. India's largest freshwater lake is the Wular lake.

The Godavari flows from North to South in Dharmapuri, hence the river is locally called 'Dakshina Vahini' Kaleshwaram – Sri Kaleswara Mukhteswara Swamy Temple is situated here on the banks of Triveni sangamam of rivers Godavari and pranahita. 

Definition of Water Divide

A water divide is an upland or a highland that separates two drainage basins. It is also known as a water parting or a watershed. It is an imaginary line that runs along the high point or ridge of a landscape, separating the direction of flow of the surface water from one drainage basin to another.

Explanation

A water divide is a geographical feature that can be found in mountainous regions. It is created by the forces of erosion and weathering that shape the landscape over time. The high point or ridge that forms the water divide separates the flow of water into two different directions, ultimately leading the water to two different drainage basins.

Water divides are important because they determine the direction in which the water flows and the basin that it eventually ends up in. This has implications for water management, as the water from one basin may be used for different purposes than the water from another basin.

For example, the water divide between the Mississippi River and the Colorado River separates two major drainage basins in the United States. The Mississippi River flows eastward towards the Gulf of Mexico, while the Colorado River flows westward towards the Pacific Ocean. The water divide between these two rivers is the Rocky Mountains.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a water divide is an important geographical feature that separates two drainage basins. It is created by the forces of erosion and weathering and is typically found in mountainous regions. Understanding water divides is important for water management and conservation, as they determine the direction in which water flows and the basin that it eventually ends up in.

The perennial rivers are the rivers in which water flows throughout the year, they never go dry. Perennial rivers are also known as permanent rivers as they flow throughout the year. They originate from the mountain and during the dry season the water is fed by the melting of glaciers in these rivers. These rivers are mostly found in North India due to the presence of the great mountain range Himalaya that is fully covered with snow provides water to some rivers throughout the year, whereas in south india there is no mountain with snow and even snow is only in winter time so the south indian rivers are non- perennial rivers. In the Northern plains of India perennial rivers are very much useful for agriculture because they provide water throughout the year. E.g- Ganga is the best example of a perennial river.

Lakes are of a great value to human beings. Lakes help to regulate the flow of rivers. Lakes help to prevent flooding during the rainy season. During the dry season, lakes help to maintain an even flow of water. Lakes can also be used for developing hydel power.

Godavari River
The Godavari River is known as the Dakshin Ganga due to its length and area coverage. Here is why:

Length:
The Godavari River is the second longest river in India after the Ganges, with a length of about 1,465 kilometers. Its extensive stretch makes it comparable to the Ganges, hence earning the title "Dakshin Ganga," which translates to the Ganges of the South.

Area Coverage:
The Godavari River basin covers a vast area of around 312,812 square kilometers, making it one of the largest river basins in India. It flows through the states of Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha, providing water for irrigation and supporting agriculture in these regions.

Significance:
The Godavari River holds great cultural and economic significance in India. It is considered sacred by many Hindus and is associated with various myths and legends. The river also plays a crucial role in the irrigation of agricultural lands along its banks, contributing to the economy of the regions it flows through.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Godavari River is rightfully called the Dakshin Ganga due to its impressive length, extensive area coverage, and cultural and economic importance. Its significance in the Indian subcontinent cannot be understated, making it a prominent feature in the geography and history of the region.