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All questions of I/O Interface for Computer Science Engineering (CSE) Exam

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 ________ is an extension of the processor BUS.
  • a)
    SCSI BUS
  • b)
    USB
  • c)
    PCI BUS
  • d)
    None of the mentioned
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Athira Choudhary answered
Answer: c
Explanation: The PCI BUS is used as an extension of the processor BUS and devices connected to it, is like connected to the Processor itself.

The process where in the processor constantly checks the status flags is called as
  • a)
    Polling
  • b)
    Inspection
  • c)
    Reviewing
  • d)
    Echoing
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Tanishq Chakraborty answered
Polling in Processor

Definition: Polling is the process where the processor constantly checks the status flags.

Explanation: When a processor needs to access a device or resource, it needs to communicate with it. One way to do this is through polling. In polling, the processor constantly checks the status flags to determine if the device is ready to receive or send data. This process is often used in simple systems where there are few devices or where the devices are slow.

Advantages of Polling:

  • It is simple to implement and requires minimal hardware.

  • It can be used in systems with few devices or where the devices are slow.

  • It can be used to implement simple communication protocols.



Disadvantages of Polling:

  • It is not efficient in systems with many devices or where the devices are fast.

  • It can waste processor time if the device is not ready to communicate.

  • It can lead to high latency if the processor does not check the status flags frequently enough.



Conclusion: Polling is a simple and effective way for a processor to communicate with devices in a system. It is often used in simple systems or where the devices are slow. However, it can be inefficient in systems with many devices or where the devices are fast. Other communication methods, such as interrupts or DMA, may be more suitable in these cases.

The transmission over the USB is divided into ____
  • a)
    Frames
  • b)
    Pages
  • c)
    Packets
  • d)
    Tokens
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Preethi Iyer answered
Answer: a
Explanation: To support the isochronous mode of operation the usb transmission is divided into frames.

In intel’s IA-32 architecture there is a seperate 16 bit address space for the I/O devices? 
  • a)
    False
  • b)
    True
Correct answer is 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Avinash Mehta answered
This type of accessing is called as I/O mapped devices. Since the I/O mapped devices have a separate address space the address lines are limited by amount of the space allocated.

The return address from the interrupt-service routine is stored on the
  • a)
    System heap
  • b)
    Processor register
  • c)
    Processor stack
  • d)
    Memory
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Amrutha Sharma answered
Answer: c
Explanation: The Processor after servicing the interrupts as to load the address of the previous process and this address is stored in the stack.

In a data transfer operatioon involving SCSI BUS, the control is with ______
  • a)
    Initiator
  • b)
    Target
  • c)
    SCSI controller
  • d)
    Target Controller
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Saanvi Gupta answered
Answer: d
Explanation: The initiator involves in arbitration process and after winning the BUS it’ll handover the control to the target controller.

Distributed arbitration makes use of ______
  • a)
    BUS master
  • b)
    Processor
  • c)
    Arbitrator
  • d)
    4-bit ID
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohan Patel answered
4-bit ID
Distributed arbitration in a system involves multiple devices contending for access to a shared resource or communication channel. In this process, each device is assigned a unique identifier, often in the form of a 4-bit ID. This ID helps in distinguishing between different devices and determining the priority of access when conflicts arise.

Benefits of using a 4-bit ID in distributed arbitration:
- Uniqueness: Each device is assigned a distinct 4-bit ID, preventing any overlap or confusion in the arbitration process.
- Priority:
- Conflict resolution: In cases where multiple devices are vying for access simultaneously, the distributed arbitration system can useiv based on their assigned 4-bit IDs.
When devices in a system contend for access to a shared resource or communication channel, the 4-bit IDs play a crucial role in determining the priority of access. Each device is assigned a unique identifier, and conflicts are resolved based on the priority of access assigned to each device through these IDs. This helps in ensuring a fair and efficient allocation of resources in the system.

The data is stored on the disk in the form of blocks called _____
  • a)
    Pages
  • b)
    Frames
  • c)
    Sectors
  • d)
    Tables
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arnab Kapoor answered


Explanation:

Sectors:
- Data on a disk is stored in the form of blocks called sectors.
- A sector is the smallest storage unit on a disk and typically consists of 512 bytes.
- The disk is divided into concentric circles called tracks, and each track is further divided into sectors.

Pages, Frames, and Tables:
- Pages, frames, and tables are terms commonly used in the context of virtual memory management and database systems, not for disk storage.
- Pages refer to the unit of data transfer between main memory and secondary storage in virtual memory systems.
- Frames are used to store physical memory addresses in the memory management unit of a computer.
- Tables are data structures used in databases to organize and manage data efficiently.

Therefore, in the context of disk storage, the correct term for blocks where data is stored is "sectors." Each sector contains a fixed amount of data and is the basic unit for reading and writing data on a disk.

In daisy chaining device 0 will pass the signal only if it has _______
  • a)
    Interrupt request
  • b)
    No interrupt request
  • c)
    Both No interrupt and Interrupt request
  • d)
    None of the mentioned
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Nandini Khanna answered
Explanation:

Daisy chaining is a technique used to connect multiple devices in a serial manner, where the output of one device is connected to the input of the next device and so on. In this setup, each device receives the signal from the previous device and passes it along to the next device in the chain.

Interrupt Requests:
Interrupt requests are signals generated by devices to request the attention of the CPU. When a device needs to communicate with the CPU, it sends an interrupt request. The CPU then stops its current task and services the interrupt request, giving priority to the requesting device.

Passing the Signal:
In a daisy chain setup, each device can either have an interrupt request or no interrupt request. When a device has an interrupt request, it means that it needs the attention of the CPU and therefore cannot pass the signal to the next device until its request is serviced. On the other hand, when a device has no interrupt request, it is not actively seeking the attention of the CPU and can freely pass the signal to the next device.

Device 0:
In the given question, it is mentioned that device 0 will pass the signal only if it has no interrupt request. This means that device 0 will only pass the signal to the next device in the chain if it does not require the attention of the CPU. If device 0 has an interrupt request, it will hold onto the signal and wait for its request to be serviced before passing the signal along.

Correct Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - No interrupt request. Device 0 will pass the signal only if it has no interrupt request.

The DMA transfer is initiated by _____
  • a)
    Processor
  • b)
    The process being executed
  • c)
    I/O devices
  • d)
    OS
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Janani Joshi answered
Explanation: The transfer can only be initiated by instruction of a program being executed.

Hence Option (C) is correct

For short Notes on DMA click on the link given below:

 When the process is returned after an interrupt service ______ should be loaded again.
i) Register contents
ii) Condition codes
iii) Stack contents
iv) Return addresses
  • a)
    i,iv
  • b)
    ii,iii and iv
  • c)
    iii,iv
  • d)
    i,ii
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayush Mukherjee answered
Explanation:
When an interrupt occurs, the processor saves the current context of the process and jumps to the interrupt service routine. After the ISR is completed, the processor returns to the interrupted process. At this point, the following actions should take place:

Register Contents:
The contents of the registers should be loaded again to restore the state of the process before the interrupt occurred. This is important because the registers may have been altered during the execution of the ISR.

Condition Codes:
The condition codes do not need to be loaded again because they are not changed during the execution of the ISR.

Stack Contents:
The stack contents should not be loaded again because the stack is not modified during the execution of the ISR.

Return Addresses:
The return addresses should be loaded again, as the processor should know where to return to after the ISR has completed.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' - i.e., register contents and condition codes should be loaded again after the interrupt service.

The DMA controller has _______ registers
  • a)
    4
  • b)
    2
  • c)
    3
  • d)
    1
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ipsita Dasgupta answered
Answer: c
Explanation: The Controller uses the registers to store the starting address,word count and the status of the operation.

The video devices are connected to ______ BUS.
  • a)
    PCI
  • b)
    USB
  • c)
    HDMI
  • d)
    SCSI
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Shalini Rane answered
Answer: d
Explanation: The SCSI BUS is used to connect the video devices to processor by providing a parallel BUS.

The device which interacts with the initiator is
  • a)
    Slave
  • b)
    Master
  • c)
    Responder
  • d)
    Friend
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Advait Shah answered
The device which interacts with the initiator is a Slave.

Explanation:
When it comes to communication between devices, there are typically two roles involved: the initiator and the responder. The initiator is the device that initiates or starts the communication, while the responder is the device that responds to the initiator's requests or commands.

In this context, the device that interacts with the initiator is referred to as a "Slave". Let's delve into the details to understand why the correct answer is option 'A' - Slave.

1. Initiator and Responder:
- The initiator is the device that starts the communication process by sending a request or command.
- The responder is the device that receives the request or command and responds accordingly.

2. Slave Device:
- A slave device is a device that responds to the requests or commands initiated by the master device.
- The slave device is passive and waits for the master's commands or requests.
- It does not have the authority to initiate communication independently.

3. Master Device:
- On the other hand, the master device is the one that initiates and controls the communication process.
- The master device has the authority to initiate communication independently and can send commands or requests to the slave devices.
- It can interact with multiple slave devices simultaneously.

4. Master-Slave Relationship:
- In a master-slave relationship, the master device takes the lead and controls the communication.
- The slave devices respond to the master's commands or requests.
- The master device can send commands or requests to one or more slave devices.

Therefore, in the given question, the device that interacts with the initiator is a slave. The slave device receives commands or requests from the initiator (master device) and responds accordingly.

 ______ address space gives the PCI its plug and play capability.
  • a)
    Configuration
  • b)
    I/O
  • c)
    Memory
  • d)
    All of the mentioned
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Pranab Sharma answered
Configuration address space
- The Configuration address space is responsible for giving the PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) its plug and play capability.
- This address space allows the system to automatically detect and configure PCI devices without the need for manual intervention.
- When a new PCI device is added to the system, the Configuration address space enables the system to allocate resources such as memory addresses and interrupt lines to the device.
- This plug and play capability simplifies the process of adding and removing PCI devices, making it easier for users to expand and customize their systems.

Importance of Configuration address space
- Without the Configuration address space, users would need to manually configure each PCI device, which can be a time-consuming and error-prone process.
- By automating the configuration process, the Configuration address space streamlines the setup and installation of PCI devices, improving overall system efficiency and usability.
- The plug and play capability enabled by the Configuration address space is a key feature of modern computer systems, allowing for seamless integration of new hardware components.

The instructions which can be run only supervisor mode are
  • a)
    Non-privileged instructions
  • b)
    System instructions
  • c)
    Privileged instructions
  • d)
    Exception instructions
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Rane answered
Answer: c
Explanation: These instructions are those which can are crucial for the systems performance and hence cannot be adultered by user programs, so is run only in supervisor mode.

____ register is used for the purpose of controlling the status of each interrupt request in parallel priority interrupt.
  • a)
    Mass
  • b)
    Mark
  • c)
    Make
  • d)
    Mask
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Saanvi Mishra answered
Explanation:

In parallel priority interrupt, multiple devices can request an interrupt simultaneously. To handle this situation, a register called the mask register is used to control the status of each interrupt request. The mask register is a binary number in which each bit corresponds to an interrupt request from a device.

When an interrupt request is made by a device, the corresponding bit in the mask register is checked. If the bit is set to 1, the interrupt request is granted and the device is serviced. If the bit is set to 0, the interrupt request is ignored.

The mask register is used to prioritize the interrupts. The higher priority interrupts are assigned lower bit positions in the mask register, while the lower priority interrupts are assigned higher bit positions. This ensures that the higher priority interrupts are serviced first.

The mask register can be modified by the operating system to change the priority of interrupts. For example, if a critical task needs to be performed, the operating system can mask all interrupts except for the highest priority interrupt to ensure that the critical task is completed without interruption.

Conclusion:

In summary, the mask register is an important component of parallel priority interrupt systems. It allows multiple devices to request interrupts simultaneously, while ensuring that higher priority interrupts are serviced first. The operating system can modify the mask register to change the priority of interrupts as needed.

THe high speed mode of operation of the USB was introduced by _____
  • a)
    ISA
  • b)
    USB 3.0
  • c)
    USB 2.0
  • d)
    ANSI
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Baishali Reddy answered
Answer: c
Explanation: The high-speed mode of operation was introduced with USB 2.0,which enabled the USB to operatte at 480 Mb/s.

 IDE stands for _________
  • a)
    Intergrated Device Electronics
  • b)
    International Device Encoding
  • c)
    Industrial Decoder Electronics
  • d)
    International Decoder Encoder
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Madhurima Iyer answered

Integrated Device Electronics (IDE)

An Integrated Device Electronics (IDE) refers to a standard interface for connecting storage devices like hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and other peripherals to a computer. IDE was developed as a replacement for older interfaces like ST-506 and ESDI. Here's a detailed explanation of the acronym IDE:

Integrated:
- IDE stands for Integrated Device Electronics. The term "integrated" refers to the fact that IDE controllers are integrated directly into the device they control, eliminating the need for a separate controller card.

Device Electronics:
- The "device electronics" part of the acronym refers to the electronics involved in connecting and controlling storage devices. IDE controllers handle tasks like data transfer between the storage device and the computer's CPU.

Functionality:
- IDE interfaces use a 40-pin connector to connect storage devices to the motherboard. This connector carries both data and power, simplifying the installation process.

Evolution:
- IDE has evolved over the years, with enhancements like the introduction of Ultra DMA modes to increase data transfer speeds. IDE was eventually replaced by SATA (Serial ATA) interfaces, which offer faster data transfer rates.

In conclusion, IDE stands for Integrated Device Electronics and is a standard interface for connecting storage devices to computers. It played a crucial role in the evolution of storage technology before being replaced by newer interfaces like SATA.

The standard used in serial ports to facilitate communication is _____
  • a)
    RS-246
  • b)
    RS-LNK
  • c)
    RS-232-C
  • d)
    Both RS-246 and RS-LNK
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anisha Ahuja answered

RS-232-C Standard for Serial Ports

The correct standard used in serial ports to facilitate communication is RS-232-C. This standard, defined by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA), specifies the electrical and mechanical characteristics necessary for the interchange of serial data between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data communications equipment (DCE). Here is a breakdown of the key points regarding the RS-232-C standard:

Definition:
- RS-232-C is a widely used standard for serial communication that defines the voltage levels, signal timing, and data format for serial ports.
- It allows for communication over relatively short distances (up to 50 feet) using a variety of cable types.

Features:
- RS-232-C uses 25-pin connectors (DB-25) or 9-pin connectors (DB-9) for serial communication.
- It supports asynchronous communication, meaning data is transmitted without a shared clock signal between devices.

Compatibility:
- RS-232-C is compatible with a wide range of devices, including computers, modems, printers, and other peripherals.
- Many modern devices still support RS-232-C for legacy compatibility reasons.

Benefits:
- The RS-232-C standard provides a reliable and well-established method for serial communication.
- It is relatively simple to implement and troubleshoot, making it a popular choice for many applications.

In conclusion, RS-232-C is the standard used in serial ports to facilitate communication, providing a robust framework for data exchange between devices.

 The delays caused in the switching of the timing signals is due to
  • a)
    Memory access time
  • b)
    WMFC
  • c)
    Propogation delay
  • d)
    Processor delay
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anshul Malik answered
The correct answer is option 'C', which states that the delays caused in the switching of timing signals are due to propagation delay. Let's understand this in detail.

Propagation delay refers to the time taken for a signal to travel from the source to the destination. In the context of timing signals, it is the time taken for a signal to propagate through a wire or a circuit from one component to another. This delay is primarily caused by factors such as the distance the signal needs to travel, the properties of the medium through which it travels (e.g., wire, PCB trace), and the characteristics of the components that the signal passes through.

Now, let's break down the factors that contribute to the delays in switching timing signals:

1. Distance: The longer the distance the signal needs to travel, the greater the propagation delay. This is because the signal takes time to propagate through the medium. For example, in a large circuit board or a network of interconnected components, the signals may need to travel considerable distances, resulting in increased delays.

2. Medium: The properties of the medium through which the signal travels also affect the propagation delay. Different mediums have different propagation speeds. For instance, signals propagate slower through a wire compared to a PCB trace. The electrical properties of the medium, such as resistance, capacitance, and inductance, also influence the propagation delay.

3. Components: The components that the signal passes through, such as gates, transistors, or buffers, introduce some delay due to their internal characteristics. These delays can vary depending on the specific component and its design. For example, in digital circuits, logic gates have propagation delays associated with their switching times.

Overall, the delays caused in the switching of timing signals primarily occur due to the propagation delay, which is influenced by factors such as the distance the signal needs to travel, the properties of the medium it travels through, and the characteristics of the components it passes through. By understanding these factors, engineers can design circuits and systems to minimize propagation delays and improve overall signal timing.

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