Real Numbers and Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
Real numbers are numbers that can be found on the number line, including both rational numbers (those that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers) and irrational numbers (those that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers). The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic is a fundamental concept in number theory that states that every integer greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as a product of prime numbers.

Key Points:
- Real numbers include both rational and irrational numbers.
- The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic states that every integer greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as a product of prime numbers.
- This theorem is important in understanding the structure of the natural numbers and their prime factorization.
- It helps in simplifying calculations involving large numbers by breaking them down into their prime factors.
- The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic is a crucial concept in mathematics and is used in various mathematical proofs and applications.
Understanding real numbers and the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic is essential for students studying mathematics, as it forms the foundation for many advanced mathematical concepts and calculations. It is important to grasp these concepts thoroughly to build a strong mathematical foundation and excel in the subject.