Zygote

A zygote is a single cell that is formed by the fusion of two gametes, one from each parent during sexual reproduction. The zygote is the first stage in the development of a new individual, and it contains all the genetic information necessary to form a complete organism.

Formation of Zygote

1. Gamete formation: Gametes are specialized cells that are produced by the gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males) through a process called gametogenesis. Gametes are haploid cells, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells.

2. Fertilization: During sexual reproduction, the male gamete (sperm) and female gamete (egg) unite to form a zygote. This process is called fertilization, and it occurs in the female reproductive tract.

3. Zygote formation: Once the sperm and egg have fused, the resulting cell is called a zygote. The zygote contains a full set of chromosomes, half from the mother and half from the father. The zygote then undergoes a series of cell divisions to form an embryo.

Significance of Zygote

1. Genetic information: The zygote contains all the genetic information necessary to form a complete organism.

2. Development of an individual: The zygote is the first stage in the development of a new individual.

3. Formation of organs: As the zygote divides and grows, it forms different cell types and organs, ultimately leading to the formation of a complete organism.

4. Basis of heredity: The zygote is the basis of heredity, and it is responsible for passing on genetic traits from one generation to the next.