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In ureotelic animals, urea is formed by the [1997, 2000]
  • a)
    Arginine cycle
  • b)
    Cori's cycle
  • c)
    Ornithine cycle
  • d)
    EM pathway
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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In ureotelic animals, urea is formed by the [1997, 2000]a)Arginine cyc...
In ureotelic animals urea is formed by Ornithine cycle. Urea is formed in the liver where two molecules of ammonia combine with one molecule of CO2 in presence of Ornithine, citrulline, arginine and enzyme arginase. This is called Ornithine cycle.
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In ureotelic animals, urea is formed by the [1997, 2000]a)Arginine cyc...
Understanding Ureotelic Animals and Urea Formation
Ureotelic animals, such as mammals, amphibians, and some reptiles, convert ammonia—a highly toxic byproduct of protein metabolism—into urea. This conversion is crucial for detoxifying ammonia and facilitating its excretion.
Urea Formation Pathway
The process of urea formation occurs primarily through the Ornithine Cycle (also known as the Urea Cycle). Here’s a breakdown of this cycle:
  • Location: The cycle takes place mainly in the liver.
  • Key Components: The cycle involves several key enzymes and intermediates, including ornithine, citrulline, and arginine.
  • Steps Involved:
    • Ammonia combines with bicarbonate to form carbamoyl phosphate.
    • Carbamoyl phosphate enters the cycle, leading to the production of citrulline.
    • Citrulline is then converted to arginine, which ultimately yields urea and regenerates ornithine.


Importance of the Ornithine Cycle
The Ornithine Cycle plays a pivotal role in:
  • Detoxification: By converting toxic ammonia into urea, it helps protect the body from potential damage.
  • Water Conservation: Urea is less toxic and requires less water for excretion compared to ammonia, aiding in water conservation in terrestrial environments.

In summary, the correct answer is option 'C' because the Ornithine Cycle is the primary biochemical pathway through which ureotelic animals synthesize urea from ammonia. This process is vital for maintaining nitrogen balance and ensuring metabolic efficiency.
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