Valency Change in Short Period
Understanding the concept of valency changing in the short period according to the position of elements on the periodic table is crucial in chemistry. As we move across a period from left to right, the valency of elements changes due to the number of valence electrons present in their outermost shell.

Valency Increase
- Elements on the left side of the periodic table typically have fewer valence electrons, leading to lower valency.
- For example, Group 1 elements like sodium (Na) have 1 valence electron and a valency of 1.
- However, as we move towards the right side of the period, the number of valence electrons increases, causing an increase in valency.
- Group 17 elements like chlorine (Cl) have 7 valence electrons and a valency of 1 when combined with elements like sodium.

Valency Decrease
- Transition elements in the middle of the periodic table have varying valencies due to the presence of multiple oxidation states.
- For example, iron (Fe) can have a valency of 2 or 3 depending on the compound it forms.
- As we move towards the right side of the period, the valency tends to decrease due to the increasing number of valence electrons.
- Group 18 elements like helium (He) have a full outer shell with 8 valence electrons, resulting in a valency of 0.
Understanding the trend of valency change in the short period can help predict the chemical behavior and reactivity of elements. This pattern is essential for predicting how elements will combine with each other to form compounds.

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