Factors that could lead to the rise of a new species:

1. Isolation:
Isolation plays a significant role in the formation of new species. When a population becomes separated into different geographical areas or habitats, it can lead to reproductive isolation. This can occur due to physical barriers like mountains, rivers, or even changes in climate. Isolation restricts gene flow between populations, allowing them to evolve independently.

2. Genetic Variation:
Genetic variation within a population is crucial for the emergence of new species. It provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon. Mutations, genetic recombination, and gene flow from other populations contribute to genetic diversity. This diversity can lead to the development of new traits or adaptations that may eventually result in the formation of a distinct species.

3. Natural Selection:
Natural selection is a fundamental mechanism driving evolution. It favors traits that enhance an organism's survival and reproductive success. In the case of isolation, different environments exert different selective pressures on populations. Over time, individuals with advantageous traits for their specific environment will have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. This process can lead to the accumulation of genetic changes that eventually result in the formation of a new species.

4. Genetic Drift:
Genetic drift refers to the random changes in gene frequencies within a population due to chance events. It is more pronounced in small populations. In isolated populations, genetic drift can have a significant impact on the gene pool. Over time, random genetic changes can become fixed in a population, leading to genetic divergence and potentially the emergence of a new species.

5. Time:
The process of speciation usually takes a long time, often spanning thousands or millions of years. The accumulation of genetic changes, reproductive isolation, and the establishment of distinct populations require sufficient time for new species to emerge. Gradual changes in the genetic makeup and reproductive barriers between populations are necessary for the evolutionary divergence that leads to speciation.

Conclusion:
The rise of a new species is a complex process influenced by various factors. Isolation, genetic variation, natural selection, genetic drift, and time all contribute to the formation of distinct populations that can eventually become separate species. Understanding these factors helps us comprehend the mechanisms driving biodiversity and the diversity of life on Earth.