NEPHRON KA STRUCTURE KOI BTA DO PLZZ?

Question

Answer

Answer

☆ STRUCTURE OF NEPHRON:-

♤ Each nephron is a long - coiled tubule whose one end is cup - shaped called Bowman's capsule while other ends are connected to urine collecting duct of the kidney.

♤ The Bowman's capsule contains a bundle of blood capillaries which is called glomerulus.

☆ FUNCTION OF NEPHRON:-

♤ It is the functional unit of kidney.It filters the uncleaned blood so that waste substances can be removed from the blood.

Answer

Each kidney is composed of approximately 1 million of Uriniferous tubules or nephron. Nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.

Each nephron has two major portions:

A Renal corpuscle (Malpighian body)

A Renal tubule

1. Renal corpuscles (Malpighian body):

A renal corpuscle consists of a glomerulus surrounded by a glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule).

The glomerulus is a capillary network that arises from an afferent arteriole and empties into an efferent arteriole. The diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than that of the afferent arteriole, which helps maintain a fairly high blood pressure in the glomerulus.

Bowman’s capsule is double walled cup like structure and it encloses the glomerulus. The wall of glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule consists of a single layer of flattened epithelial cells.

Glomerular capsule consists of three layers

i) Outer parietal layer consists of squamous epithelium cells with minute pore of 12nm diameter called fenestrations

ii) Middle basement membranewhich is selectively permiable

iii) The inner visceral layer of large nucleated cell called podocytes. Podocytes bears finger like projections known as podocels. The areas between the two podocels is filtration slit underlying basement membrane.

The renal tubule continues from Bowman’s capsule and consists of the following parts: proximal convolutedtubule (in the renal cortex), loop of Henle (in the renal medulla), and distal convoluted tubule (in the renal cortex).

i) Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT): it is proximal part of renal tubules next to Bowman’s capsule. It is lined with microvilli. Maximum reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids and electrolytes takes place here.

ii) Loop of Henle: It is U shaped middle portion of renal tubules. It is composed of ascending and descending loop. Ascending loop is thick walled and impermeable to water while descending loop is thin walled and permeable to water. Counter current mechanism is crucial role of loop of Henle.

iii) Distal convoluted tubules (DCT): It is the distal part of renal tubules that leads to collecting ducts. It is similar in structure and function with PCT.

iv) Collecting tubules: It is not a part of nephron rather it is a part of kidney. The distal convoluted tubules from several nephrons empty into a collecting tubule. Several collecting tubules then vunite to form a papillary duct that empties urine into a minor calyx and then into major calyx and finally into renal pelvis....

Answer

Answer

Simple Structure of nephron class 10 cbse

https://edurev.in/studytube/Simple-Structure-of-nephron-class-10-cbse/b9156a4b-92b5-41b2-8985-542700127405_v

Answer

Structure of Nephron:

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering and regulating the composition of blood and producing urine. It consists of several distinct regions, each with specific functions and structures.

Renal Corpuscle:
The nephron begins with the renal corpuscle, which consists of two main structures: the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
- Glomerulus: It is a cluster of small blood vessels called capillaries that are surrounded by specialized epithelial cells called podocytes. The glomerulus is responsible for filtering blood and forming the glomerular filtrate.
- Bowman's capsule: It is a cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus. It collects the glomerular filtrate and connects it to the proximal convoluted tubule.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The glomerular filtrate moves from the Bowman's capsule to the proximal convoluted tubule. The PCT is responsible for reabsorbing most of the filtered water, ions, and nutrients back into the bloodstream.
- Microvilli: The PCT is lined with microvilli, which increase the surface area for absorption.
- Active Transport: The PCT uses active transport mechanisms to reabsorb glucose, amino acids, and other important nutrients. It also reabsorbs sodium, chloride, and water.

Loop of Henle:
The loop of Henle is a U-shaped structure located between the proximal and distal tubules. It plays a crucial role in establishing the concentration gradient in the kidney.
- Descending Limb: The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water but impermeable to ions. As the filtrate descends, water is reabsorbed, concentrating the solutes.
- Ascending Limb: The ascending limb is permeable to ions but impermeable to water. It actively transports sodium, chloride, and other ions out of the filtrate, further concentrating the urine.

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT):
The filtrate from the loop of Henle enters the distal convoluted tubule. The DCT is responsible for fine-tuning the reabsorption and secretion of various substances.
- Hormonal Regulation: The DCT is regulated by hormones such as aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which control the reabsorption of water and ions.
- pH Regulation: The DCT also plays a role in maintaining the acid-base balance of the body by reabsorbing bicarbonate ions and secreting hydrogen ions.

Collecting Duct:
The collecting duct receives urine from multiple nephrons and carries it towards the renal pelvis for excretion.
- Water Reabsorption: The permeability of the collecting duct to water is regulated by ADH. In the presence of ADH, water is reabsorbed from the collecting duct, concentrating the urine.
- Concentration Gradient: The collecting duct helps maintain the concentration gradient established by the loop of Henle, allowing for further concentration of urine.

Overall, the structure of the nephron is highly specialized to efficiently filter blood, reabsorb essential substances, and excrete waste products, ultimately maintaining the homeostasis of the body.

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