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Distinguish between natural growth and actual growth of population?
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Distinguish between natural growth and actual growth of population?
Natural increase and population growth
Natural increase. Put simply, natural increase is the difference between the numbers of births and deaths in a population; the rate of natural increase is the difference between the birthrate and the death rate. Given the fertility and mortality characteristics of the human species (excluding incidents of catastrophic mortality), the range of possible rates of natural increase is rather narrow. For a nation, it has rarely exceeded 4 percent per year; the highest known rate for a national population—arising from the conjunction of a very high birthrate and a quite low death rate—is that experienced in Kenya during the 1980s, in which the natural increase of the population approximated 4.1 percent per annum. Rates of natural increase in other developing countries generally are lower; these countries averaged about 2.5 percent per annum during the same period. Meanwhile the rates of natural increase in industrialized countries are very low: the highest is approximately 1 percent, most are in the neighbourhood of several tenths of 1 percent, and some are slightly negative (that is, their populations are slowly decreasing).

Population growth
The rate of population growth is the rate of natural increase combined with the effects of migration. Thus a high rate of natural increase can be offset by a large net out-migration, and a low rate of natural increase can be countered by a high level of net in-migration. Generally speaking, however, these migration effects on population growth rates are far smaller than the effects of changes in fertility and mortality.
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Distinguish between natural growth and actual growth of population?
Natural Growth vs. Actual Growth of Population

When analyzing population dynamics, it is important to distinguish between natural growth and actual growth. While both terms refer to changes in population size, they have different underlying factors and implications.


Natural Growth


Natural growth, also known as natural increase or natural population change, refers to the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths in a population over a specific period of time. It measures the demographic impact of fertility and mortality rates.



  • Birth Rate: The birth rate represents the number of live births per thousand individuals in a given population over a year. It indicates the fertility level of a population.

  • Death Rate: The death rate, on the other hand, denotes the number of deaths per thousand individuals in a population over a year. It reflects the mortality level.

  • Natural Growth Rate: By subtracting the death rate from the birth rate, we can calculate the natural growth rate. A positive natural growth rate indicates that the number of births exceeds the number of deaths, resulting in population growth.



Natural growth is influenced by various factors such as access to healthcare, education, economic conditions, cultural norms, and government policies. Higher birth rates and lower death rates contribute to natural growth, leading to an increase in population size.


Actual Growth


Actual growth, also known as actual increase or absolute growth, takes into account not only natural growth but also other factors such as immigration and emigration. It represents the net change in population size resulting from the combination of natural growth and migration.



  • Immigration: Immigration refers to the movement of individuals into a specific country or region from another location. It adds to the population size and contributes to actual growth.

  • Emigration: Emigration, on the other hand, refers to the movement of individuals out of a specific country or region to another location. It decreases the population size and impacts actual growth.

  • Actual Growth Rate: The actual growth rate is calculated by considering the natural growth rate, immigration rate, and emigration rate. A positive actual growth rate indicates population growth, while a negative rate implies population decline.



Actual growth provides a more comprehensive understanding of population change as it encompasses both natural growth and migration. It is influenced not only by birth and death rates but also by factors such as economic opportunities, political stability, social conditions, and environmental factors.


Conclusion

In summary, natural growth focuses on the difference between births and deaths, providing insights into fertility and mortality patterns within a population. On the other hand, actual growth incorporates migration in addition to natural growth, giving a broader perspective on population change. Understanding both natural growth and actual growth is crucial for policymakers, as it helps them formulate effective strategies related to healthcare, education, employment, and infrastructure to accommodate the changing population dynamics.
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Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Growth of population is the change in the number of people living in a particular area between two points of time. Its rate is expressed in percentage. Population growth has two components namely; natural and induced. While the natural growth is analysed by assessing the crude birth and death rates, the induced components are explained by the volume of inward and outward movement of people in any given area. The decadal and annual growth rates of population in India are both very high and steadily increasing over time. The annual growth rate of India’s population is 1.64 percent (2011). The growth rate of population in India over the last one century has been caused by annual birth rate and death rate and rate of migration and thereby shows different trends.What was the annual growth rate of India as per 2011 Census?

Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Growth of population is the change in the number of people living in a particular area between two points of time. Its rate is expressed in percentage. Population growth has two components namely; natural and induced. While the natural growth is analysed by assessing the crude birth and death rates, the induced components are explained by the volume of inward and outward movement of people in any given area. The decadal and annual growth rates of population in India are both very high and steadily increasing over time. The annual growth rate of India’s population is 1.64 percent (2011). The growth rate of population in India over the last one century has been caused by annual birth rate and death rate and rate of migration and thereby shows different trends.How is the growth of population expressed?

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