Fermentation uses glycolysis only. Anaerobic respiration uses all three parts of cellular respiration, including the parts in the mitochondria like the citric acid cycle and electron transport; it also uses a different final electron acceptor instead of oxygen gas.

Fermentation and Anaerobic Respiration
Fermentation and anaerobic respiration are two processes that occur in the absence of oxygen. While they both involve the breakdown of glucose to produce energy, there are key differences between the two processes.

Fermentation
- Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces energy without the use of oxygen.
- It is a partial breakdown of glucose to produce small amounts of ATP.
- Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is commonly seen in yeast and some bacteria.
- Two common types of fermentation are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
- In lactic acid fermentation, glucose is converted into lactic acid, while in alcoholic fermentation, glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
- Fermentation is used in the production of yogurt, bread, and alcoholic beverages.

Anaerobic Respiration
- Anaerobic respiration is a metabolic process that also produces energy without the use of oxygen.
- It is a complete breakdown of glucose to produce ATP.
- Anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of cells.
- The end products of anaerobic respiration vary depending on the organism, but common products include lactic acid, ethanol, and carbon dioxide.
- Anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration, as it produces fewer ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
- Some organisms, such as bacteria and certain types of fungi, rely on anaerobic respiration for energy production when oxygen is scarce.
In conclusion, fermentation and anaerobic respiration are both processes that occur in the absence of oxygen and involve the breakdown of glucose to produce energy. However, fermentation is a partial breakdown of glucose that produces small amounts of ATP, while anaerobic respiration is a complete breakdown of glucose that produces more ATP.