Use of Manganese:
Manganese is a crucial mineral that is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties. Some of the major uses of manganese are:

1. Steel Production: Manganese is an essential element in the production of steel. It acts as a deoxidizer and desulfurizer, improving the quality and strength of steel. Manganese also enhances the hardenability and resistance to wear and corrosion in steel.

2. Batteries: Manganese is used in the production of batteries, particularly rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. It helps to increase the energy storage capacity and improve the overall performance of the batteries.

3. Chemical Industry: Manganese compounds are used in various chemical processes. For example, manganese dioxide is used as a catalyst in the production of synthetic fibers, ceramics, and as an oxidizing agent in chemical reactions.

4. Fertilizers: Manganese is an essential nutrient for plants. It plays a vital role in photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and the synthesis of chlorophyll. Manganese-based fertilizers are used to improve the growth and yield of crops.

5. Alloys: Manganese is used in the production of various alloys such as ferromanganese, silicomanganese, and spiegeleisen. These alloys are widely used in the manufacturing of stainless steel, aluminum, and copper alloys.

State-wise Distribution of Manganese in India:
India is rich in manganese resources and ranks among the top producers of manganese globally. The distribution of manganese in India can be categorized as follows:

1. Odisha: Odisha is the leading producer of manganese in India, accounting for about 45% of the total production. The major manganese mines in Odisha are located in the districts of Keonjhar, Koraput, Sundargarh, and Jajpur.

2. Maharashtra: Maharashtra is the second-largest producer of manganese in India. The major manganese mines in Maharashtra are located in the districts of Nagpur, Bhandara, and Ratnagiri.

3. Madhya Pradesh: Madhya Pradesh is another significant manganese-producing state in India. The major manganese mines in Madhya Pradesh are located in the districts of Balaghat and Chhindwara.

4. Andhra Pradesh: Andhra Pradesh has manganese deposits in the districts of Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam.

5. Goa: Manganese deposits are found in Goa, primarily in the Surla and Sattari regions.

6. Karnataka: Manganese deposits are found in the districts of Bellary, Chitradurga, and Shimoga in Karnataka.

7. Rajasthan: Manganese deposits are found in the Alwar and Banswara districts of Rajasthan.

8. Other States: Manganese deposits are also found in smaller quantities in states like Gujarat, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh.

Overall, the state-wise distribution of manganese in India showcases the country's significant manganese reserves, which play a crucial role in meeting domestic demand and supporting various industries.