Valency Factor of Metal M in its Oxide of Molecular Formula MxOy

Definition of Valency Factor
Valency factor is defined as the number of electrons that an atom of an element loses or gains when it reacts with other atoms to form a compound.

Determination of Valency Factor
The valency factor of metal M in its oxide of molecular formula MxOy can be determined by analyzing the oxidation state of the metal in the compound. The oxidation state of an element is the charge it would have if all its bonds were ionic.

Oxidation State of Metal M in MxOy
In the case of metal M, the oxidation state can be determined by subtracting the sum of the oxidation states of all the other elements in the compound from the overall charge of the compound. In MxOy, the overall charge is zero since the compound is neutral. Therefore, the oxidation state of metal M can be determined by subtracting the sum of the oxidation states of oxygen from zero.

Oxidation State of Oxygen in MxOy
Oxygen is a highly electronegative element and it always has an oxidation state of -2 in all its compounds. Therefore, the sum of the oxidation states of oxygen in MxOy can be calculated by multiplying the number of oxygen atoms by -2, which gives -2y.

Oxidation State of Metal M in MxOy
Substituting the value of the sum of the oxidation states of oxygen in MxOy into the equation for determining the oxidation state of metal M gives:
Charge on metal M = 0 - (-2y)
Charge on metal M = 2y

Valency Factor of Metal M in MxOy
The valency factor of metal M in MxOy is equal to the number of electrons that metal M loses or gains when it reacts with oxygen to form the compound. The valency factor is equal to the charge on metal M divided by the number of metal atoms in the compound. Therefore, the valency factor of metal M in MxOy can be calculated as follows:
Valency factor of metal M = (2y) / x

In conclusion, the valency factor of metal M in its oxide of molecular formula MxOy can be determined by analyzing the oxidation state of the metal in the compound. The valency factor is equal to the charge on metal M divided by the number of metal atoms in the compound.

I know valency factor means number of electron loss or gain by one compound ....but how to calculate I don't know.😟