Explain the process of nutrition in plants giving flow chart and diagr...
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Explain the process of nutrition in plants giving flow chart and diagr...
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Explain the process of nutrition in plants giving flow chart and diagr...
Process of Nutrition in Plants
Nutrition in plants involves the process of obtaining and utilizing essential nutrients for growth and development. Plants are autotrophs, which means they can synthesize their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide through a process called photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis is the primary process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy. It takes place in the chloroplasts, which contain a pigment called chlorophyll. The process can be divided into two stages:
1. Light-dependent reactions:
- Occurs in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts.
- Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight, which is used to split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen.
- Oxygen is released as a byproduct, while hydrogen is used in the next stage.
2. Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle):
- Takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts.
- Carbon dioxide enters the plant through small openings called stomata.
- Hydrogen from the previous stage and carbon dioxide combine to form glucose using ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a high-energy molecule.
- Glucose is then used for energy production or stored as starch.
Stomata:
Stomata are specialized structures found on the surface of leaves and stems of plants. They play a crucial role in the process of nutrition by allowing the exchange of gases, including carbon dioxide and oxygen, between the plant and its surroundings.
Structure of Stomata:
- Stomata consist of two specialized cells called guard cells that surround a pore.
- Each guard cell has a thickened inner wall and a thin outer wall.
- When the guard cells are turgid (swollen with water), the stomatal pore opens, allowing gas exchange.
- When the guard cells lose water, they become flaccid, resulting in the closure of the stomatal pore.
Function of Stomata:
- Stomata primarily facilitate the uptake of carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis.
- They also allow the release of oxygen, a byproduct of photosynthesis.
- Stomata help regulate the water balance of the plant by controlling transpiration, the loss of water vapor through the leaves.
- Through transpiration, stomata also aid in the movement of water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Conclusion:
The process of nutrition in plants involves photosynthesis, where chlorophyll captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy. Stomata, on the other hand, play a vital role in gas exchange and water balance, facilitating the entry of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen, as well as regulating transpiration. This overall process allows plants to produce their own food and sustain their growth and development.
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