The great hero has returnedWhen the play opens, Julius Caesar has just returned to Rome after defeating the sons of Pompey. Everyone is happy, but some of his friends are conspiring to kill him. They are worried of his popularity and want to end his life. In this particular scene, a storm is raging outside and Caesar is awakened from his sleep. He is restless and orders a servant to bid the priests to do the sacrifice.Calpurnia's nightmaresAs Caesar prepares to go to the Senate, his wife, Calpurnia, stops him. She tells him about the nightmare that she had all night, that Caesar had been murdered and some men were soaking their hands in his blood. She recounts all the signs of bad omen and is very positive that something bad might happen to Caesar if he goes out of the house. Caesar, on the other hand, being a brave man, refuses to give in to such omens. The servant returns and informs him that the religious men had offered a sacrifice, but they did not find a heart in the animal’s body.A traitor comes to call CaesarCalpurnia is afraid for her husband’s life and is not willing to let him go to the Senate. She wants to send Antony instead, but Caesar believes that death is a necessary end and it comes to everyone. Just then, Decius Brutus comes to call Caesar, but Caesar tells him he will not go with him because his wife is afraid that something will happen to him. He relates the dream that Calpurnia had seen and wants him to take his message to the Senate. Since the traitors have conspired to kill Caesar, Brutus lures Caesar to go with him. He tells him that the dream does not mean the end of Caesar but it means his success. Carried away by his talk, Caesar decides to go with him.The proceedings at the SenateCaesar leaves for the Senate with his trusted friends. At the meeting, Metellus Cimber bows before Caesar and pleads with him to call his brother back who had been banished by Caesar. But, Caesar refuses saying that he had not done anything wrong by sending him away. All the others too ask Caesar to call back Cimber’s brother. They come near him and one by one stab Caesar with a knife. Caesar falls down, dying, and his last words are, ‘Even you, Brutus.’ They wash their hands in his blood, making Calpurnia’s dream true.Antony is grief struck to see Caesar deadAntony comes there and is sad to see Caesar lying dead. He does not understand why they have killed Caesar, who was such a noble man. Brutus tries to calm him down by telling him that Caesar was too ambitious for Rome. Antony wants to speak to the public at the funeral and Brutus allows him to, on the condition that he does not disclose anything about the murderers. Antony readily agrees, but has other plans.Antony seeks revenge by urging the peopleAs Brutus and the others leave, Antony breaks down in front of Caesar’s dead body. He asks forgiveness for letting the murderers go easily and vows revenge. Brutus addresses the people and justifies Caesar’s murder by saying that Caesar had become too ambitious for the good of Rome. He tells them that Antony wishes to speak to the public. Antony climbs up the funeral pulpit and starts talking to the people. He cleverly leads the people to see that Caesar did not want the crown, nor did he want to rule over others. He only had the people’s welfare in his heart and hence could not be called ambitious. He reminds the people about Caesar’s sacrifices for the country.Public opinion is swayedBy his clever choice of words, Antony is deftly able to manipulate the public opinion. Now the people rise against the murderers and want to call Caesar a martyr. Antony tells them about Caesar’s will, according to which, every Roman will get seventy five drachmas from him. This acts as a last straw and all the citizens want revenge for Caesar’s death. They are instigated by Antony to rise against the conspirators and start rioting, which results in the killing of many innocent people.A conspiracy gone wrongMeanwhile, Brutus and Cassius have fallen apart as the idealist in Brutus sees that Cassius’s has used him for his own reasons. Antony and Octavius, Caesar’s nephew, come together and clash with the army of Brutus and Cassius at Philippi and Sardis. As a result, Brutus and his army are defeated. Unable to bear the defeat, Brutus and Cassius commit suicide. Antony has succeeded in avenging Caesar’s murder.

The action begins in February 44 BC. Julius Caesar has just reentered Rome in triumph after a victory in Spain over the sons of his old enemy, Pompey the Great. A spontaneous celebration has interrupted and been broken up by Flavius and Marullus, two political enemies of Caesar. It soon becomes apparent from their words that powerful and secret forces are working against Caesar.Caesar appears, attended by a train of friends and supporters, and is warned by a soothsayer to "beware the ides of March," but he ignores the warning and leaves for the games and races marking the celebration of the feast of Lupercal.After Caesar's departure, only two men remain behind — Marcus Brutus, a close personal friend of Caesar, and Cassius, a long time political foe of Caesar's. Both men are of aristocratic origin and see the end of their ancient privilege in Caesar's political reforms and conquests. Envious of Caesar's power and prestige, Cassius cleverly probes to discover where Brutus' deepest sympathies lie. As a man of highest personal integrity, Brutus opposes Caesar on principle, despite his friendship with him. Cassius cautiously inquires about Brutus' feelings if a conspiracy were to unseat Caesar; he finds Brutus not altogether against the notion; that is, Brutus shares "some aim" with Cassius but does not wish "to be any further moved." The two men part, promising to meet again for further discussions.In the next scene, it is revealed that the conspiracy Cassius spoke of in veiled terms is already a reality. He has gathered together a group of disgruntled and discredited aristocrats who are only too willing to assassinate Caesar. Partly to gain the support of the respectable element of Roman society, Cassius persuades Brutus to head the conspiracy, and Brutus agrees to do so. Shortly afterward, plans are made at a secret meeting in Brutus' orchard. The date is set: It will be on the day known as the ides of March, the fifteenth day of the month. Caesar is to be murdered in the Senate chambers by the concealed daggers and swords of the assembled conspirators.After the meeting is ended, Brutus' wife, Portia, suspecting something and fearing for her husband's safety, questions him. Touched by her love and devotion, Brutus promises to reveal his secret to her later.The next scene takes place in Caesar's house. The time is the early morning; the date, the fateful ides of March. The preceding night has been a strange one — wild, stormy, and full of strange and unexplainable sights and happenings throughout the city of Rome. Caesar's wife, Calphurnia, terrified by horrible nightmares, persuades Caesar not to go to the Capitol, convinced that her dreams are portents of disaster. By prearrangement, Brutus and the other conspirators arrive to accompany Caesar, hoping to fend off any possible warnings until they have him totally in their power at the Senate. Unaware that he is surrounded by assassins and shrugging off Calphurnia's exhortations, Caesar goes with them.Despite the conspirators' best efforts, a warning is pressed into Caesar's hand on the very steps of the Capitol, but he refuses to read it. Wasting no further time, the conspirators move into action. Purposely asking Caesar for a favor they know he will refuse, they move closer, as if begging a favor, and then, reaching for their hidden weapons, they kill him before the shocked eyes of the senators and spectators.Hearing of Caesar's murder, Mark Antony, Caesar's closest friend, begs permission to speak at Caesar's funeral. Brutus grants this permission over the objections of Cassius and delivers his own speech first, confident that his words will convince the populace of the necessity for Caesar's death. After Brutus leaves, Antony begins to speak. The crowd has been swayed by Brutus' words, and it is an unsympathetic crowd that Antony addresses. Using every oratorical device known, however, Antony turns the audience into a howling mob, screaming for the blood of Caesar's murderers. Alarmed by the furor caused by Antony's speech, the conspirators and their supporters are forced to flee from Rome and finally, from Italy. At this point, Antony, together with Caesar's young grandnephew and adopted son, Octavius, and a wealthy banker, Lepidus, gathers an army to pursue and destroy Caesar's killers. These three men, known as triumvirs, have formed a group called the Second Triumvirate to pursue the common goal of gaining control of the Roman Empire.Months pass, during which the conspirators and their armies are pursued relentlessly into the far reaches of Asia Minor. When finally they decide to stop at the town of Sardis, Cassius and Brutus quarrel bitterly over finances. Their differences are resolved, however, and plans are made to meet the forces of Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus in one final battle. Against his own better judgment, Cassius allows Brutus to overrule him: Instead of holding to their well-prepared defensive positions, Brutus orders an attack on Antony's camp on the plains of Philippi. Just before the battle, Brutus is visited by the ghost of Caesar. "I shall see thee at Philippi," the spirit warns him, but Brutus' courage is unshaken and he goes on.The battle rages hotly. At first, the conspirators appear to have the advantage, but in the confusion, Cassius is mistakenly convinced that all is lost, and he kills himself. Leaderless, his forces are quickly defeated, and Brutus finds himself fighting a hopeless battle. Unable to face the prospect of humiliation and shame as a captive (who would be chained to the wheels of Antony's chariot and dragged through the streets of Rome), he too takes his own life.As the play ends, Antony delivers a eulogy over Brutus' body, calling him "the noblest Roman of them all." Caesar's murder has been avenged, order has been restored, and, most important, the Roman Empire has been preserved.

In this chapter I have understood that the Municipality functions for smaller towns. The people who is above 18 or 18 years can vote. Those who wants to participate in the election is above 21 or 21 years.