Chapter 5: Nationalism in India

I. Introduction
- Nationalism in India was a significant movement during the Indian freedom struggle.
- It aimed at uniting people under the common goal of independence from British colonial rule.

II. Factors contributing to the growth of nationalism in India
1. Political Factors:
- British policies like the Vernacular Press Act and the Arms Act led to widespread discontent among Indians.
- The lack of representation in the government and discriminatory practices further fueled the nationalist sentiments.
- The Indian National Congress (INC) was formed in 1885 to voice the demands of the Indian people.

2. Social and Cultural Factors:
- The rise of national consciousness was influenced by leaders like Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Swami Vivekananda.
- The formation of organizations like the Arya Samaj and theosophical society played a crucial role in promoting nationalist ideas.
- The promotion of Indian culture, art, and literature also contributed to the growth of nationalism.

3. Economic Factors:
- The exploitative economic policies of the British, such as the drain of wealth and the devastation of Indian industries, led to economic hardships for the people.
- The Indian National Movement aimed at achieving economic self-sufficiency and improving the living conditions of the masses.

III. Role of Mahatma Gandhi in the Nationalist Movement
- Mahatma Gandhi emerged as a prominent leader during the national movement.
- He advocated for non-violent civil disobedience and peaceful protests.
- Gandhi's methods, such as the Salt March and the Quit India Movement, mobilized millions of Indians and had a significant impact on the British government.

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V. Conclusion
- The nationalist movement in India was a result of political, social, and economic factors.
- Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi played a crucial role in mobilizing the masses and achieving independence.
- For comprehensive study materials on Science Class 10, EduRev provides a range of resources to support students in their learning journey.