The Provisions of Treaty of Vienna of 1815 include:

(i) The Bourbon dynasty was restored to power.
(ii) France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.
(iii) A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.
(iv) Belgium was set up in the north and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south.
(v) Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers, while Austria was given control of northern Italy.
(vi) In the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony.
(vii) Thus, monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon were restored and a new conservative order was created in Europe.

Provisions of the Treaty of Vienna

The Treaty of Vienna, also known as the Congress of Vienna, was signed on June 9, 1815, and it aimed to restore the balance of power in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. The treaty had several provisions, but two of the most significant ones are:

1. Territorial Changes

The Treaty of Vienna brought about significant territorial changes in Europe. Some of the provisions included:

- France lost territories it had gained during the Napoleonic Wars. These territories were given to other European countries, such as Prussia, Austria, and Russia.
- The Kingdom of the Netherlands was created, which included Belgium and Luxembourg.
- The Papal States were restored, and the Pope regained control over them.
- Switzerland was recognized as a neutral state, and its borders were recognized and guaranteed by the European powers.

These territorial changes aimed to restore the balance of power in Europe and prevent any one country from becoming too dominant.

2. Principles of International Relations

The Treaty of Vienna also established several principles of international relations that aimed to promote peace and stability in Europe. These principles included:

- The principle of legitimacy, which meant that only legitimate rulers could be recognized as heads of state. This principle aimed to prevent any future revolutions or uprisings that could destabilize Europe.
- The principle of compensation, which meant that any country that lost territories would be compensated with territories elsewhere. This principle aimed to prevent any country from feeling that it had been unfairly treated.
- The principle of balance of power, which meant that no one country could become too powerful. This principle aimed to prevent any one country from dominating Europe and starting another war.

Conclusion

The Treaty of Vienna was a significant event in European history that aimed to restore peace and stability after the Napoleonic Wars. Its provisions on territorial changes and principles of international relations helped to prevent another major war in Europe for several decades.