Pinus seed cannot germinate and established without fungal association. This is because :a)its embryo is immature.b)it has obligate association with mycorrhizae.c)it has very hard seed coat.d)its seeds contain inhibitors that present germination.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association of a fungus with a root system. The fungi is extremely helpful for water and mineral absorption for the plants. Pinus seed have obligate association with mycorrhizae. They germinate only in the presence of fungus.

Answer

Answer

Explanation:

Introduction:
Pinus seeds are unable to germinate and establish without a fungal association. This is because they have an obligate association with mycorrhizae, which is a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship between the roots of plants and fungi. This association is crucial for the survival and establishment of Pinus seeds.

Obligate association with mycorrhizae:
Mycorrhizae are specialized structures formed by the symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots. In the case of Pinus seeds, they rely on mycorrhizal fungi to obtain nutrients, particularly phosphorus, from the soil. The fungal hyphae extend into the soil, greatly increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption. In return, the fungus receives carbohydrates and other organic compounds from the plant. This symbiotic relationship is essential for the survival and growth of both the plant and the fungus.

Importance of mycorrhizal association for Pinus seed germination:
1. Nutrient uptake: The mycorrhizal fungi facilitate the uptake of essential nutrients, especially phosphorus, which is often limited in the soil. The fungi possess enzymes that can break down complex organic molecules and release nutrients that are otherwise inaccessible to the plant.

2. Water absorption: Mycorrhizae also enhance the plant's ability to absorb water, particularly in dry or nutrient-poor soils. The fungal hyphae extend into the soil, forming a network that increases the plant's access to water resources.

3. Disease resistance: The mycorrhizal association can also confer disease resistance to the plant. The fungi can produce antimicrobial compounds or induce the plant's defense mechanisms, protecting it against various pathogens.

4. Seedling establishment: For Pinus seeds, the mycorrhizal association is critical for seedling establishment. The mycorrhizal fungi colonize the young roots of the seedling, providing it with nutrients and water. This allows the seedling to grow and develop a strong root system, which is essential for its survival in the soil.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Pinus seeds cannot germinate and establish without a fungal association because they have an obligate association with mycorrhizae. This symbiotic relationship provides the seeds with essential nutrients, water, disease resistance, and aids in seedling establishment. Without the mycorrhizal association, the survival and growth of Pinus seeds would be severely compromised.

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