Write a brief note on east Indian company (Age of industrialisation)?

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The English East India Company was a private concern formed by some English merchants. They acquired from Queen Elizabeth I in 1600 the exclusive right to carry out trade with the East. This was allowed by the Queen in return for a share in profits. Sir Thomas Roe visited the Mughal court in 1615 and received many trade concessions from Emperor Jahangir. Hence, by 1623, factories had been built in Surat, Broach, and Masulipatnam, Ahmadabad, and Agra. In 1639, British acquired Madras from a local ruler and fortified the post by building Fort St. George. In 1668. King Charles II of England gave the island of Bombay, which he had received as dowry on his marriage to the Portuguese princess Catherine De Braganza, to the Company. The Company fortified it and by 18th century, it became an important trading town. By the end of the 17th century, the Company had also established a factory at Calcutta and constructed Fort William to protect it. It was thus that the three Presidencies of Madras, Bombay and Calcutta were born, and governors were appointed for each by the Company.

Answer

The East India Company was also called 'Company Bahadur' in India. It was established on 31st December 1600 in Britain with objective to trade with India. It was a joint stock enterprise.

Gradually the company grew in size and benefited from Indian trade. English were allowed to set up a permanent factory at Surat in 1613 by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.

An English factory had already come up at Masulipatam on the Eastern Coast in 1611. Keeping in view the profit earned through Indian trade, King James I of England sent his ambassador Sir Thomas Roe, to the court of Jahangir in 1615, who requested for permission on behalf of the Company to open company’s factories in India.

Subsequently they were allowed to open factories at several places on the West Coast and Surat became the centre of the English trading activities. Later Fort St. George was constructed at Madras in 1639.

The factory was opened at Bangalore in 1642. The company got Bombay in 1668 from Charles II, the King of England, who had received it from Portugal after marrying the Portuguese Princess Catherine Braganza in 1661 as part of the dowry gift.

Similarly, in 1651, a factory at Hoogly and later several factories in Calcutta and Kasimbazar were established.

In 1702, the nomenclature of the East India Company was changed to ‘United Company of Merchants of England Trading in the East Indies’.

However, in common parlance it came to be known as the East India Company. The East India Company expanded its trade in India and procured privileges and concessions by establishing good relations with the local kings and Nawabs.

For instance by a circular (firman) issued by Farrukhsiyar in 1717, it obtained several concessions.

Answer

The English East India Company was a private concern formed by some English merchants. They acquired from Queen Elizabeth I in 1600 the exclusive right to carry out trade with the East. This was allowed by the Queen in return for a share in profits. Sir Thomas Roe visited the Mughal court in 1615 and received many trade concessions from Emperor Jahangir. Hence, by 1623, factories had been built inSurat, Broach, and Masulipatnam, Ahmadabad, and Agra.

In 1639, British acquired Madras from a local ruler and fortified the post by building Fort St. George. In 1668. King Charles II of England gave the island of Bombay, which he had received as dowry on his marriage to the Portuguese princess Catherine De Braganza, to the Company. The Company fortified it and by 18th century, it became an important trading town. By the end of the 17th century, the Company had also established a factory at Calcutta and constructed Fort William to protect it. It was thus that the three Presidencies of Madras, Bombay and Calcutta were born, and governors were appointed for each by the Company.

Answer

The East India Company, also known as the Honourable East India Company or the British East India Company, and informally known as John Company, Company Bahadur, or simply The Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company.

Answer

Introduction
The East India Company played a significant role during the Age of Industrialization. It was an English company formed for the exploitation of trade in the East Indies, especially India, during the 17th and 18th centuries. Here are some key points about the East India Company and its impact during the Age of Industrialization:

Commercial Interests
- The East India Company was primarily focused on expanding its commercial interests in India, particularly in the trade of spices, textiles, and other valuable goods.
- It established trading posts in various parts of India, including Surat, Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay, which gradually developed into major centers of commerce and administration.

Monopoly and Power
- The company obtained a royal charter from Queen Elizabeth I in 1600, granting it a monopoly over English trade with the East Indies.
- This monopoly allowed the East India Company to control the trade routes, establish trading settlements, and dominate the Indian economy.
- Over time, the company gained immense power and influence, establishing its own military force, minting its own coins, and even conducting diplomacy.

Impact on Indian Economy
- The East India Company's policies had a profound impact on the Indian economy. It led to the decline of indigenous industries, such as textiles, as the company flooded the market with cheap British goods, leading to unemployment and poverty.
- The company also imposed heavy taxes and levies on Indian goods, further straining the economy and enriching the company's coffers.

Industrialization in India
- The East India Company played a pivotal role in introducing industrialization in India. It established several factories and workshops, particularly in Bengal, for the production of textiles and other goods.
- The company encouraged the growth of industries like jute, indigo, and tea, which eventually became major exports from India during the Industrial Revolution.

Social and Cultural Impact
- The company's presence in India had far-reaching social and cultural implications. It led to the spread of British influence, language, and education.
- The introduction of Western ideas and institutions, along with Christian missionary activities, had a significant impact on Indian society, leading to cultural transformations and the rise of social reform movements.

Conclusion
The East India Company played a crucial role during the Age of Industrialization. It not only monopolized trade in the East Indies but also had a profound impact on the Indian economy, industrialization, and society. Its policies and actions shaped the course of Indian history and laid the groundwork for British colonial rule in the subcontinent.

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