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From were did most Indian indentured workers come?
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From were did most Indian indentured workers come?
Most of these indentured labourers weredrawn from the agricultural and laboring classes of the Uttar Pradesh and Bihar regions of north India, with a comparatively smaller number being recruited from Bengal and various areas in south India. Approximately 85% of the immigrants were Hindus, and 14% Muslims.
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From were did most Indian indentured workers come?
Introduction
The phenomenon of Indian indentured labor emerged in the 19th century due to the demand for labor in colonial plantations, particularly after the abolition of slavery.
Origin of Indentured Workers
Most Indian indentured workers predominantly came from:
  • Bihar: This northern state was one of the largest sources of indentured laborers. Economic hardship and social unrest prompted many to seek work abroad.
  • Uttar Pradesh: Many laborers hailed from this state, especially regions like Awadh, where agrarian distress was prevalent.
  • Southern India: States such as Tamil Nadu and Kerala also contributed significantly. Many workers were recruited from impoverished agricultural communities.
  • Punjab: This region provided laborers, particularly for plantations in the Caribbean and Southeast Asia, driven by the lure of better wages.


Reasons for Migration
Indentured workers migrated for several reasons:
  • Poverty: Widespread poverty in rural areas pushed many to seek employment opportunities abroad.
  • Colonial Recruitment: The British colonial system employed aggressive recruitment strategies, including promises of land and better living conditions.
  • Social Factors: Many sought to escape caste-based discrimination and social inequalities prevalent in India.


Conclusion
In summary, the majority of Indian indentured workers originated from states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Punjab, driven by economic hardship, colonial influences, and social factors. Their migration significantly shaped the demographic landscape of various countries.
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Read the text given below and answer the questions that follows:In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques. After the 18th century, power-looms came into use. Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-made cloth from England. In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities, labour, moist climate, etc. contributed towards its localisation. This industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton boll pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. The industry by creating demands supports many other industries, such as, chemicals and dyes, packaging materials and engineering works. While spinning continues to be centralised in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, weaving is highly decentralised to provide scope for incorporating traditional skills and designs of weaving in cotton, silk, zari, embroidery, etc. India has world class production in spinning, but weaving supplies low quality of fabric as it cannot use much of the high-quality yarn produced in the country. Weaving is done by handloom, power loom and in mills. The handspun khadi provides large scale employment to weavers in their homes as a cottage industry.Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.Q. Why did our traditional industries suffer a setback during the colonial period?

Read the text given below and answer the questions that follows:In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques. After the 18th century, power-looms came into use. Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-made cloth from England. In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities, labour, moist climate, etc. contributed towards its localisation. This industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton boll pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. The industry by creating demands supports many other industries, such as, chemicals and dyes, packaging materials and engineering works. While spinning continues to be centralised in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, weaving is highly decentralised to provide scope for incorporating traditional skills and designs of weaving in cotton, silk, zari, embroidery, etc. India has world class production in spinning, but weaving supplies low quality of fabric as it cannot use much of the high-quality yarn produced in the country. Weaving is done by handloom, power loom and in mills. The handspun khadi provides large scale employment to weavers in their homes as a cottage industry.Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.Q. Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities, labour, moist climate, etc., contributed towards its localisation.

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