Any source of electricity like battery, cell, power supply, etc. helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor.

A potential difference, also known as voltage, is the difference in electric potential energy between two points in a circuit. It is essential to maintain a potential difference across a conductor class to allow current to flow through the circuit.


One device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor class is a battery. A battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It consists of one or more cells, each of which contains a positive and negative electrode immersed in an electrolyte.

When a battery is connected to a circuit, the positive electrode supplies electrons to the circuit, while the negative electrode receives electrons from the circuit. This flow of electrons creates a potential difference across the circuit, allowing current to flow.


The working of a battery is based on the redox reaction that takes place within the cell. In a typical alkaline battery, the anode is made of zinc, and the cathode is made of manganese dioxide. The electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution.

During discharge, the zinc atoms in the anode are oxidized, releasing two electrons. These electrons flow through the external circuit to the cathode, where they reduce the manganese dioxide, forming manganese oxide and releasing water and electrons. The water and potassium ions in the electrolyte react to form potassium zincate, which flows back to the anode, completing the circuit.

As the battery discharges, the concentration of reactants in the cell decreases, reducing the potential difference across the circuit. Eventually, the battery becomes depleted and needs to be replaced or recharged.


In conclusion, a battery is a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor class. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy and provides a source of electrons to allow current to flow through a circuit. Batteries are essential components of many electrical devices, including smartphones, laptops, and cars.