Explain the different types of farming system practice in India?

Question

Answer

Types of Farming Systems in India

India is predominantly an agricultural country, where agriculture makes a significant contribution to the country's GDP. There are various types of farming systems in India, which are as follows:

1. Subsistence Farming

Subsistence farming is the most common type of farming in India, where farmers grow crops for their consumption. This type of farming does not involve the use of modern technology, and it is highly dependent on the natural conditions such as rainfall, soil fertility, and climate.

2. Commercial Farming

Commercial farming is also known as market-oriented farming, where farmers grow crops to sell them in the market. This type of farming is highly mechanized, and it uses modern technology such as tractors, harvesters, and irrigation systems to increase crop yield.

3. Organic Farming

Organic farming is a type of farming that involves the use of natural fertilizers, pesticides, and other inputs. It is a sustainable way of farming, which helps in maintaining soil fertility and improving the quality of the produce.

4. Mixed Farming

Mixed farming is a type of farming system where farmers grow different crops and also rear livestock. This type of farming helps in maintaining the soil fertility and also provides a source of income from the livestock.

5. Dry Farming

Dry farming is a type of farming that is practiced in areas where there is low rainfall. Farmers in these areas grow crops that are drought-resistant, and they also use conservation techniques such as soil moisture retention to increase crop yield.

6. Plantation Farming

Plantation farming is a type of farming that involves the cultivation of cash crops such as tea, coffee, rubber, and spices. This type of farming is highly mechanized, and it involves large-scale production.

Conclusion

India has a diverse range of farming systems, which are based on the natural conditions, market demand, and the farming practices of the farmers. These farming systems have their advantages and disadvantages, and the farmers choose the one that suits them the best.

Answer

The main type Of farming system practice in India :

1) Subsistence agriculture:Small land holdings, use of primitive tools and impoverished condition of farmers.

2) Shifting Agriculture: A clearing in the forest is made and then cultivation is done until the land becomes barren and then a new clearing is made. It affects the environment. It is also known as slash and burn and it is practised by tribal peoples.

3) Plantation Agriculture: Agriculture is done over a large area, huge capital is required. Farming is done with sophisticated machinery and modern techniques. Crops like tea, coffee, rubber, etc are grown in this way.

4) Intensive Agriculture: Yield per unit hectare is high, fertilizers and pesticides are used. Extensive areas of land are brought under cultivation.

Answer

Based primarily on nature of land, climatic characteristics and available irrigational facilities, the farmers in India practise different types of farming.

(1) Subsistence Farming:

Majority of farmers in the country practise subsistence farming. It is characterised by small and scattered land holdings and use of primitive tools. As the farmers are poor, they do not use fertilisers and high yielding variety of seeds in their fields to the extent they should do. Facilities like electricity and irrigation are generally not available to them. These result into low productivity.

The subsistence agriculture has given way to commercial agriculture to some extent. Dry land farming is practised in areas where the rainfall is low and irrigation facilities are inadequate. Here, emphasis is laid on conservation of moisture, and on crops like jowar, bajra and pulses, which need less water.

Wetland farming is practised in high rainfall and irrigated areas. Rice, sugarcane and vegetables are important crops in these areas. In dry farming, only one crop is grown while in wet farming, at least two crops are raised in a year-one in the kharif and another in the Rabi seasons.

(2) Shifting Agriculture:

In this type of agriculture, first of all a piece of forest land is cleared by felling trees and burning of trunks and branches. After the land is cleared, crops are grown for two to three years and then the land is abandoned as the fertility of the soil decreases. The farmers then move to new areas and the process is repeated. Dry paddy, maize, millets and vegetables are the crops commonly grown in this type of farming.

The per hectare yield is low. This practice is known by different name in different regions of India like Jhum in Assam, Ponam in Kerala, Podu in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha and bewar masha penda and bera in various parts of Madhya Pradesh. As far as possible governments have tried to discouraged is practice of cultivation by tribals due to wasteful nature such as soil erosion caused by it, when soil erosion caused by it, when soils are not under cultivation.

(3) Plantation Agriculture:

Plantation farming is bush or tree farming. It was introduced by the British in the nineteenth century. It is a single crop farming of rubber, tea, coffee, cocoa, spices, coconut and fruit crops like apples, grapes, oranges, etc. It is capital intensive and demands good managerial ability, technical know-how, sophisticated machinery, fertilisers, irrigation, and transport facilities.

Some of the plantations like tea, coffee and rubber have a processing factory within the farm itself or close to it. This type of agriculture has developed in hilly areas of north-eastern India, sub-Himalayan West Bengal and in Nilgiri, Anamalai and Cardamom hills in peninsular India.

(4) Intensive Farming:

In areas where irrigation has been possible, the farmers use fertilisers and pesticides on large scale. They have also brought their land under high yielding variety of seeds. They have mechanised agriculture by introducing machines in various processes of farming. These have led intensive farming where the yield per unit area is high. In some areas, this has led to the development of dairy farming.

(5) Dry Agriculture:

This practice is followed in areas where irrigation facilities are lacking. Crops cultivated in these areas can withstand dry conditions. The crops grown generally with the help of irrigation are also grown under dry farming. In such circumstances the per hectare yields are generally lower. Most of the area under dry cultivation entertain only one crop during the year. This is practiced in drier parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh etc.

(6) Mixed and Multiple Agriculture:

Mixed farming is referred to cultivation of crops and raising of animals simultaneously. The multiple farming is used to denote the practice of growing two or more crops together. In such case a number of crops having varying maturing periods are sown at the same time. The crop maturing early is generally harvested before the growth of the long maturing crop and there is thus not much completion between the crops growth. This practice is followed is areas having good rainfall or facilities of irrigation.

(7) Crop Rotation:

This refers to growing of number of Crops one after the other in a fixed rotation to maintain the fertility of the soil. The rotation of crops may be complete in a year in some of the areas while it may involve more than one year’s time is others.

Pulses or any leguminous crop is grown after the cereal crops. Legumes have the ability of fixing nitrogen to the soil. Highly fertilizer intensive crops like sugarcane or tobacco are rotated with cereal crops. The selection of crops for rotation depends upon the local soil conditions and the experience and the understanding of the farmers.

(8) Sedentary Cultivation or Permanent Agriculture:

It is also known as settled cultivation. In it farmers get settled at the place and practice continued use of land year after year with the variation of crops. In it permanent settlement of farmers exists. It is the normal system of agricultural practice found in almost every part of India.

(9) Terrace Cultivation:

Where lands are of sloping nature, this type of cultivation is practiced specially in hilly areas. The hill and mountain slopes are cut to form terrace sand the land is used in the same way as in permanent agriculture. Since the availability of flat land is limited terraces are made to provide small patch of level land. Soil erosion is also checked due to terrace formation on hill slops.

Answer

There are two types of farming in India are ::
1.subsistence farming
2.commerical farming
then , subsistence farming are two types :
*primitive subsistence farming and **intensive farming..
then always commercial farming are:::
* plantation

Similar Class 10 Doubts

Agriculture 1 compare and contrast the types of farming 2compare and contrast different cropping 3geographical conditions in major states of crops describe and explain for ricewheat maize sugarcane teacoffeerubbercottonjute.?

Top Courses for Class 10View all

Science Class 10

Social Studies (SST) Class 10

Mathematics (Maths) Class 10

English Grammar Advanced

English Grammar Basic

Top Courses for Class 10

Top Courses for Class 10

Suggested Free Tests

Related Content

About Class 10

Class 10 Study Material

Class 10 All Subjects

NCERT Textbook Solutions

Other Classes

Important Links

Company